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Research paper on japanese internment camps
Treatment in Japanese internment camps during World War 2
Research paper on japanese internment camps
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During World War II, a Segregation Center was created in Tule Lake to incarcerate Japanese Americans who were deemed to be potential enemies towards America. America was trying to distinguish who were loyal citizens. In a questionnaire the Japanese Americans had been given, there were two questions, number twenty seven and twenty eight that seemed unfair to answer. If they had answered wrong or did not answer at all they were sent to the Tule Lake internment camp. The Japanese Americans had their own rights and responsibilities that fell under the constitution that were denied. On top of that, the Tule Lake internment camp the Japanese Americans were put into were not decent conditions they could face, neither was there an ample amount of space. The Japanese Americans had no choice as they were incarcerated into the Tule Lake internment camp; they were denied their rights as American citizens, and faced indecent conditions in the camps. The Japanese Americans were curious and suspicious over the questionnaire the United States government had forced them to answer. In the questionnaire, there were a number of questions, but two particularly stuck out because of how obscure they were. The first question was number twenty seven that had asked, “Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty, wherever ordered?” While question number twenty eight had asked, “Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power, or organization?” (Tule Lake Committee Web Site) The Japanese Americans were baffl... ... middle of paper ... ...Yamamoto’s ‘The Legend of Miss Sasagawara’.” Notes on Contemporary Literature 39. 2 (2009). Student Resources in Context. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. Harth, Erica. Last Witnesses: Reflections on the Wartime Internment of Japanese Americans. New York: Palgrave for St. Martin's, 2001. Print. "Reading: The Question of Loyalty." Reading: The Question of Loyalty. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. . "Teaching With Documents:Documents and Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation During World War II." Japanese Relocation During World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. . "Telling Their Stories." Tellingstories.org. The Urban School of San Francisco, n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. "Tule Lake Committee Web Site." Tulelake.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.
The novel, Farewell to Manzanar, by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, tells her family’s true story of how they struggled to not only survive, but thrive in forced detention during World War II. She was seven years old when the war started with the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1942. Her life dramatically changed when her and her family were taken from their home and sent to live at the Manzanar internment camp. Along with ten thousand other Japanese Americans, they had to adjust to their new life living behind barbed wire. Obviously, as a young child, Jeanne did not fully understand why they had to move, and she was not fully aware of the events happening outside the camp. However, in the beginning, every Japanese American had questions. They wondered why they had to leave. Now, as an adult, she recounts the three years she spent at Manzanar and shares how her family attempted to survive. The conflict of ethnicities affected Jeanne and her family’s life to a great extent.
On February 1942, President Roosevelt issued an executive order, which was 9066 stating that Japanese Americans to evacuate their homes and live in an internment camp. This autobiographical called, “Farewell to Manzanar” by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston. Jeanne wanted to write this book to give details on her experience during World War II internment camps. “It is a story, or a web of stories my own, my father’s, my family’s -- tracing a few paths that led up to and away from the experience of the internment” (pg XI). Mrs. Houston had other books beside this particular book, some of the others were called, “Don't Cry, It’s Only Thunder” and “The Legend of Fire Horse Woman”.
During 1941 many Americans were on edge as they became increasingly more involved in WWII. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese decided to take matters to their own hands. They attacked the naval base Pearl Harbor and killed 68 Americans in order to prevent the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with their military. After this surprise attack, the Americans officially entered the war, which caused many people to become paranoid (Baughman). Many people feared the Japanese because they thought they were spies for Japan, and because of this the Executive Order 9066 was signed and issued by FDR which sent many Japanese Americans to live in internment camps (Roosevelt). This caused the Japanese to become a scapegoat of America’s fear and anger. The Issei and Nisei who once moved to this country to find new opportunities and
Julie Otsuka’s When The Emperor Was Divine told the unspoken stories of many Japanese-Americans during the Interment. Remembering the experiences that thousands of innocent people went through can leave them to feel uneasy and upset. The stripping of their identity and reclassifying them as enemy aliens left them with everlasting trauma and nightmares. Japanese-Americans were arrested, rounded up and transported to Internment camps across the United States where, in some cases, they were held for several years. Therefore, the Japanese-Americans during the Second World War had lasting repercussions from psychological, physical and financial aspects on the prisoners.
What were the Japanese internment camps some might ask. The camps were caused by the attack of Pearl Harbor in 1942 by Japan. President Roosevelt signed a form to send all the Japanese into internment camps.(1) All the Japanese living along the coast were moved to other states like California, Idaho, Utah, Arkansas, Colorado, Wyoming and Arizona. The camps were located away from Japan and isolated so if a spy tried to communicate, word wouldn't get out. The camps were unfair to the Japanese but the US were trying to be cautious. Many even more than 66% or 2/3 of the Japanese-Americans sent to the internment camps in April of 1942 were born in the United States and many had never been to Japan. Their only crime was that they had Japanese ancestors and they were suspected of being spies to their homeland of Japan. Japanese-American World War I veterans that served for the United States were also sent to the internment camps.(2)
Marsh, James H. "Japanese Internment: Banished and Beyond Tears." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. .
Much controversy has been sparked due to the internment of the Japanese people. Many ask whether it was justified to internment them. It is a very delicate issue that has two sides, those who are against the internment of the Japanese-Americans and those who are for it. With World War II raging in the East, America was still, for the most part, very inactive in the war. When America took a stand against Japan by not shipping them supplies, Japan became very upset. Japan, being a big island that is very overpopulated with little natural resources, depended on America to provide them with an assortment of supplies including scrap metal and oil, vital items that are needed in a time of war. Japan retaliated by declaring war on America and attacking Pearl Harbor. This surprise act led to many soldiers deaths and millions of dollars of damaged army equipment, including air craft carriers and planes. As a result to Japan declaring war, the Japanese-Americans were asked to and eventually forced to do their duty to the country and report to internment camps until the war conflict was over. Many opposed this act for a couple of reasons. One reason was that people felt that it was a huge hypocrisy that the Japanese were being interned while the Italians and Germans, also our enemies, were still walking around free in America. Another reason why many were against the internment was because many of the Japanese had already been in America for some time now. The Issei, the first generation of Japanese people that immigrated from Japan, had immigrated many years ago. A whole another generation of Japanese children had already began growing up in America called the Nissei. They were automatically U.S. citizens for they were born in America and for the most part were like other American children. Anti-Internment activists also said that the Japanese were being robbed of their rights as U.S. citizens. However, there are two sides to everything.
In 1945 Japanese-American citizens with undisrupted loyalty were allowed to return to the West Coast, but not until 1946 was the last camp closed. The government of the U.S. tried to blame the evacuations on the war, saying they were protecting the Japanese by moving them. The government made statements during this time that contradicted each other. For example, Japanese-Americans were being called “enemy aliens” but then they were encouraged by the government to be loyal Americans and enlist in the armed forces, move voluntarily, put up no fight and not question the forced relocation efforts (Conn, 1990). Stetson Conn (1990) wrote “For several decades the Japanese population had been the target of hostility and restrictive action.”
21 . Robinson, Greg By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans,2003, Harvard University Press
After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the United States was filled with panic. Along the Pacific coast of the U.S., where residents feared more Japanese attacks on their cities, homes, and businesses, this feeling was especially great. During the time preceding World War II, there were approximately 112,000 persons of Japanese descent living in California, Arizona, and coastal Oregon and Washington. These immigrants traveled to American hoping to be free, acquire jobs, and for some a chance to start a new life. Some immigrants worked in mines, others helped to develop the United States Railroad, many were fishermen, farmers, and some agricultural laborers.
27. Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty wherever ordered? 28. Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the united states of America or obedience to the Japanese emperor…?”(Evacuation Experiences of Minoru Yasui, 1981, pg19). This quote is from the text Evacuation Experiences of Minoru Yasui by author Minoru Yasui who is a Japanese American. The quote was ...
Straus, Ulrich. The Anguish of Surrender: Japanese POW's of World War II. Seattle, WA: U of Washington, 2003. Print.
“A date which will live in infamy,” stated by President Roosevelt is what may come to most Americans mind’s when one thinks of December 7th, 1941, the date of the tragic bombing of Pearl Harbor. After this event, Americans became skeptical of Japanese Americans living among them and speculated most may be traitors and a threat to national security. Due to this growing concern of traitors among Americans, the U.S. government decided in a few short months to implement Executive Order 9066. Executive Order 9066 placed over 120,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps across the U.S. In 1980, long after the internment camps had been terminated, the U.S. government decided to comprise a commission of nine individuals to listen to Japanese American’s
Tom Brokaw said, “During World War II, law-abiding Japanese-American citizens were herded into remote internment camps, losing their jobs, businesses and social standing, while an all-Japanese-American division fought heroically in Europe”. During World War II whether if the Japanese were fighting against the United States, or simply living as our neighbor they were classified as an enemy. In January 1942, one hundred and twenty thousand Japanese Americans were incarcerated simply because they were Japanese. Most of these people had been born in America and didn't have a single act of violence or breaking of the law on their record. During all of this there was no process of law and these innocent people were being forced into internment camps without any questions. After two years and nine
Guterson chose not to write this book solely off of what he already knew, but wanted to make it as accurate and realistic as possible. Therefore, he dove into the World War II internment camps and the lifestyles of Japanese-Americans. The author developed “graceful, restrained images of Japanese-American life […through] extensive research and interviews with the area’s [Puget