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What is the comparison of debt and equity finance
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QUESTION 1:
Firm financing is a very important aspect for the operations of any company and this is done prior to any business strategies are made. Most company commonly pursues to use equity financing and debt financing. In debt financing funds borrowed must be repaid with interest whereas equity financing funds is acquired by sale of shareholders interest of the company.
Some banks may require the firm to maintain a balance between debt and equity which is suitable in the industry and the state of the business is working (Melicher, Welshans, and Wel.., 2011). Jackson preferred the use debit financing by borrowing loans from bank to boast its business operations. Jackson Company was in pursuit of aggressive development plan thus prompting
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It can be solved with a minimal commerce loan. Sometimes venturing on loan looks scary for Jackson company owners as this assists them when financing differences which might lead to high return investment. There are many reasons that leads to Jackson Company engage in the loan. These are namely Expansion where it can be applied during the booming season of business as it assists in ensuring the revenue doesn’t shrinks: (Drury, 2015). This growth has numerous costs ranging from increment of staffs, renovations of buildings, new property and advertising. Jackson Company strives to acquire ready cash for its coverage and sometimes takes the funds which maintain its daily …show more content…
Inventory being another reason it is hard for Jackson Company to use in the expenses management (Kinney, Raiborn, and Raiborn, 2010). The challenge arises where investment of the products are needed in the event of carrying them for your customers purchase and counterbalance its cost. The company takes a loan to equalize inventory charges as it also remains updated on customers and the trending needs without injuring its flow of cash. As a third reason Cash flow has become challenging for Jackson Company and it still poses a challenge when working with clients who do not pay for their services offered or having unsold stock that requires clearance(Kinney, Raiborn, and Raiborn, 2010). Jackson Company finds the situation tricky when involving the daily expenditures on rent, utilities, staff and inventory. The loan offers money in utilization of daily operations and assists the company survive during the low profits. By having cash flowing in, you can proceed in providing new customers in running revenue ensuring that the losses are catered
The Jacksonian Era, in the 1820’s and 1830’s, was a very critical period in American history. Many historians have different views on whether the Jacksonian Democrats, Andrew Jackson’s followers and supporters, were guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty and the equality of economic opportunity. Although Jacksonian Democrats view themselves as guardians of all these, they were wrong about most of it. The Jacksonian Democrats did a good job protecting and expanding political democracy and protecting equalty of economic opportunity, but failed to be guardians of the constitution as well as individual liberty.
Target must compete vigorously and fairly in the marketplace using our independent judgment to make the best decisions for the Company.
Jackson’s cognitive abilities were assessed with regard to seven broad areas of cognitive processing, through the use of the WISC-V, in addition to supplemental subtests given from the WJ-IV Cognitive. The areas of cognitive processing ability measured include crystallized intelligence, short-term memory, long-term memory, visual-spatial processing, reasoning ability, processing speed and phonemic awareness, which is an aspect of auditory processing. On the WISC-V, subtests that measure different cognitive processing abilities combine to form five index scores: Verbal Comprehension, Visual-Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory and Processing Speed which all together make up the Full Scale IQ score (FSIQ). Jackson obtained a FSIQ of 87
The consistent high spending of capital equipment is the first reason why one would recommend reducing the debt to equity ratio. A company with higher levels of debt is less flexible in being able to adjust to new market demands and conditions that require the company to make new products or respond to competition. Looking at the pecking order of financing, issuing new shares to fund capital investing is the last resort and a company that has high levels of debt, must move to the equity side to avoid the risk of bankruptcy. Defaulting on loans occur when increased costs or bad economic conditions lead the firm to have lower net income than the payments on loans. The risk of defaulting on loans and the direct and indirect cost related to defaulting lead firms to prefer lower levels of debt. The financial distress caused by additional leverage can lead to lower cash flows available to all investors, lower than if the firm was financed by equity only. Additionally, the high debt ratio that Du Pont incurred also led to them dropping from a AAA bond rating to a AA bond Rating. Although the likelihood of not being able to acquire loans would be minimal, there are increased interest costs with having a lower bond rating. The lower bond rating signals to investors that the firm is more likely to default than if it had a higher (AAA) bond rating.
Found in the case study entitled, Promotion from Within at Citrus Glen, is a staffing process concern. The Citrus Glen Company, based in Florida, is a juice producer that supplies orange and grapefruit to food processors, grocery stores, convenience stores and restaurants in the United States. With rapid growth over the last few years, the HR vice president, Mandarine “Mandy” Pamplemousse, has been worried about how to staff the ever-expanding array of positions for Citrus Glen. Her concern is how to hire and promote enough individuals who are qualified for the needed positions. When Mandy is trying to staff internally, she uses a contractor based in Charlotte, NC called, Staffing Systems International (SSI). When positions become available that are appropriate to staff internally, she sends a group of candidates for the position to SSI to participate in the assessment center. The candidates are in the assessment process for three days. Mandy receives the results with recommendations, a few days after
1. In the Jackson’s case the District Court’s judgment was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit on the ground that termination of electric services did not constitute state action. The Metropolitan Edison Co. was a private entity and was not subject to the due process requirements of the 14th Amendment based on the State Action Doctrine. Moreoever, in the Jackson case, Metropolitan Edison Co. was a private entity that did not receive any federal funding. In the Simkin’s Case both the hospitals, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital and Wesley Long had received millions of funds through the Hill Burton Act and hence they were subject to the Constitutional guarantee of equal protection. Therefore, subject to the protections from racial
In “Bank Debt” alternative, a sum of $3.5 million will be injected to the company through bank loans. However, the company will have to pay an additional amount of $33,750 in interest and a principal payment of $300,000 to the bank annually over the course of 7 years. Net income will come to $489,187.50 and EPS will be 0.49.
Don Bradish was recently hired to fix scheduling issues with the new company in which he works, The Fitzgerald Machine Company. There are a few relevant facts that were given in this case study. The first and foremost fact is Mr. Bradish was hired because the company is having issue with their scheduling. This is important because he comes in with a relevant degree and years of experience with a reputable company. He is going to be looked for to find a solution to the issue outlined in the case study. The second relevant fact in the case study is that the company that The Fitzgerald Machine Company is working with is having labor issues. This is considerable because the $300,000 order is a considerably large
There are two basic ways of financing for a business: Debt financing and equity financing. Debt financing is defined as 'borrowing money that is to be repaid over a period of time, usually with interest" (Financing Basics, 1). The lender does not gain any ownership in the business that is borrowing. Equity financing is described as "an exchange of money for a share of business ownership" (Financing Basics, 1). This form of financing allows the business to obtain funds without having to repay a specific amount of money at any particular time. There are also a few different instruments that could be defined as either debt or equity. One such instrument is stock options that an employee can exercise after so many years with the company. Either using the debt or equity method, or a combination of the two methods can be used to account for stock options or other instruments with the similar characteristics.
Financial distress which results in bankruptcy are very common for businesses in today’s economy. According to CNN Money Fortune 500, “Last year marked the highest number of billon-dollar bankruptcies ever recorded. And corporate bankruptcies have continued at an elevated clip, with about twice the number of businesses filing for bankruptcies filing for bankruptcy protection in the 12 months ending June 2010, as they did during the same span of time in 2008, 2007, or 2006.” (Roane, 2010) It is very important for every financial manager to acknowledge that bankruptcy can be a reality for any company and financial managers have to know how to prevent it. Most all companies have debts and these debts are used for financial leverage, but they have to be closely monitored by the financial manager. Many monthly debts that companies are faced with are, making monthly payments to vendors, and paying employees. It is the financial managers to manage and monitor these debts, so that the debts don’t become more than the equity. (Ross, Westerfield, & Jordan, 2010)
In the case of Dayton Hudson Corporation, the company fell into a situation of a hostile takeover attempted by the Dart Group in 1987. At that time, Kenneth Macke was the CEO of the Dayton Hudson Corporation and sternly disagreed with letting the company fall into the hands of the Haft’s. Macke’s decision on what could be done to terminate the takeover turned the circumstances over to the hands of the state of Minnesota where Dayton Hudson’s headquarters resided. Macke requested a special session of the legislature to revisit the Minnesota corporate takeovers statute. This proved to work in Dayton Hudson’s favor and a statute was enacted that left the decision of a takeover up to the Board of Directors of the company.
The inventory turnover is almost half compared to the industry average, although it managed to increase by 0.3 compared to 2002. The company needs to maintain a constant cost of goods sold and at the same time manage inventory more efficiently to maintain market competitiveness. The average collection period also increased slightly to 58 days, three days increase compared to 2002. The company needs to negotiate or persuade on efficient payment methods to customers to decrease the collection period down to industry average. The total asset turnover increased 0.1 to 1.6 but still failing to meet the industry standard of 2.0. Martin Manufacturing needs to boost sales while maintaining a constant asset value to meet or exceed industry standards.
Access to capital and credit at various stages in the business life cycle is identified as the major hurdle by the entrepreneurs. For many small firms and most start-ups, the personal funds of the business owners and entrepreneur and those of relatives and acquaintances constitute as the major source of capital. For many small businesses, especially during the early years of their operation, credit is simply not available. For many others, the limited available credit is not through bank loans. Due to this many of them rely on multiple credit card balances and home equity loans as major sources of credit for start-up firm. Because banks are bound by laws and regulations to prudent lending standards that require them a risk management assessment for each loan made. These regulations were made more vigor during the late 1980'' and early 1990 . Banks always found that lending to manufacturing firm with hard asset such as property, equipment, and inventory has always been easier than lending to today's expanding service sector firms. Because the service sector firms own few hard asses, therefor lending judgment have to be based in terms of character, markets, and cashflow, which make it difficult to the bank to meet the regulations for the approval of the loan. Additional, the banking industry, as well as the entire financial sector of the
The capital structure of a firm is the way in which it decides to finance its operations from various funds, comprising debt, such as bonds and outstanding loans, and equity, including stock and retained earnings. In the long term, firms seek to find the optimal debt-equity ratio. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of different capital structure mixes, and consider whether this has any relevance to firm value in theory and in reality.
Many organizations have maximized the use of cash on hand by effective cash management techniques and the use of short-term financing. This paper will discuss various cash management techniques and short-term financing methods used by organizations.