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The concepts of reading
The importance of reading
The importance of reading
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Is Hypertext the Future for Reading?
Hypertext has significantly altered the traditional role of the reader. It has provided an opportunity for the reader to become more engaged in the actual text the reader encounters. The reader now has the power to pick and choose topics they may want to learn more about by engaging in a multi-linear fashion of reading. A rather dramatic shift of power from the author to the reader allows the reader to construct their own personal path through a story, reading whatever strikes their fancy. Readers are no longer forced to start at page one and finish with the last page. With hypertext there is no definite end to a story by any means. I experienced this first hand with the hypertext fictional story “Dissapearing Rain” by Deena Larsen.
I read “Rain”, a hypertext on the web, and found the story very confusing. I found myself confused as to where to click and what I needed to know to understand the story. With every click came a multitude of options that only opened a number of more options. Throughout the story I had an overwhelming feeling that I was missing vital information by picking and choosing which hyperlinks to follow. “Such violations of clarity and causality seem to be defining qualities of all hypertexts that permit the reader to make significant choices in the order of presentation.” (Bolter 129) I realized that I was reading a story that had no pre-ordained order. The author allowed her readers to decide where the story would take them, a rather awkward challenge I had never before appreciated while surfing the web.
It came as quite a shock when I understood how complicated reading a hypertext fictional story could be. I was no longer being led through a story with an author’s complete authority; I was now given choices. I was the one to decide where the story was going to take me and how I wanted to experience it. The hypertext fiction “Rain” allowed an option of following specific characters. I figured this would be the best way to possibly decrease the amount of hyperlinks offered, but I was wrong.
His first few paragraphs relate to the audience with a sense of pathos that continues to reappear as the essay unravels. For example, Carr states, “The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle” (2). This anecdote generates the citation of research when he presents developmental psychologist and author, Mary-anne Wolf. Having written Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. “We are how we read.”, wolf proves to be a reliable source, as well as an accurate development in Carr’s theory. She notes, “When we read online, we tend to become mere decoders of information.” (8). That statement opens a window for Carr to expand on his original idea in saying, “Our ability to interpret text, to make rich mental connections that form when we read deeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged.” (8). It’s no secret that Wolf would agree. After just a mere search of her name titles appear such as, The Importance of Deep Reading, Is Online Skimming Hurting Reading comprehension, and How the Internet Is Rewiring Our Brains. If Carr’s theory is in fact correct, it would be fair to assume that most readers would look no further than that for proof. Carr however, omits that Wolf has evolved in her expressions, writing articles such as, Balance Technology and Deep Reading to Create Biliterate Children, Being a Better Online Reader, and Children of the Code. While this doesn’t exactly
These international economic institutions should possess substantial transparency considering their policies directly affect the public. Instead, the IMF and similar institutions have no accountability to the public of which it is supposed to serve. Through lack of transparency, countries with major influence in the IMF such as the U.S. can indirectly impose its own investment agenda upon the country in crisis. If actions of the IMF were directed through a democratic process, more logical and productive policies would develop. If the IMF promotes transparency through the policies it imposes on developing countries, it should set an example through its own governance.
Anchor standard 3: Analyze how and why individuals, event, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.
Carr refers to how his friends reading habits have changed as “Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb. I skim it.” (54). Reading has evolved from procuring and memorizing information for we have every opportunity to get that information as many times as
.... Morgan, and R. Reiner (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 866-909.
Ladhani, S. and Gransden, W. (2003). Increasing Antibiotic Resistance among Urinary Tract Isolates. Arch Dis Child 2003; 88:444-445.
Rehabilitation is there to prevent future crime by bringing changes within a offender and hopefully make then less likely to reoffend. There have been many different programs that have been used from back then until now that has been developed to bring about changes in education, job training, and recreation. The challenge of corrections was to keep offenders in the community and re-integrate them back into the community. One approach to rehabilitation is the re-integrative philosophy, which is aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible. The idea that every effort should be made to return offenders to the community as “law-abiding-citizens” was developed. In order to do so, rehabilitation of offenders and change towards the community was important. Until the mid 1970’s, rehabilitation was a key part of U.S. prison policy. Prisoners were encouraged to develop job skills and resolve any psychological issues that they may have which can cause them to have issues with re-integration into society (Benson, 2003). Currently, rehabilitation is highly encouraged. There are treat programs available to help someone get on the right track. There is now the twelve-step programs, professional group treatments, individual or group therapy, and cognitive
In most cases, the IMF, when it lends, provides only a small portion of a country's external financing requirements. But because the approval of IMF lending signals that a country's economic policies are on the right track, it reassures investors and the official community and helps generate additional financing from these sources. Thus, IMF financing can act as an important lever, or catalyst, for attracting other funds. The IMF's ability to perform this catalytic role is based on the confidence that other lenders have in its operations and especially in the credibility of the policy conditionality attached to its lending.
Graham, J. (1998). What works in preventing criminality? In Goldblatt, P., & Lewis, C. (Eds.) Reducing offending: an assessment of research evidence on ways of dealing with offending behaviour (Vol. 187). London, Home Office, pp. 7-22.
Looking back over the course of the semester, I feel that I learned many new and interesting uses for technology within the classroom – both for classrooms that have a lot of technology and for classrooms that are limited with technology. For the majority of the class, we utilized William Kists’ book The Socially Networked Classroom: Teaching in the New Media Age (2010), which provided multiple modes of instruction that both utilized and/or created technology. One of the first things that I remember, and consequently that stuck with me through the course’s entirety, is that individuals must treat everything as a text. Even a garden is a text. The statement made me change the way that I traditionally viewed Language Arts both as a student and as a teacher, as I very narrowly saw literature and works of the like as texts only; however, by considering nearly anything as a text, one can analyze, study, and even expand his/her knowledge. Kist (2010) states that society is “experiencing a vast transformation of the way we “read” and “write,” and a broadening of the way we conceptualize “literacy” (p. 2). In order to begin to experience and learn with the modern classroom and technologically advanced students, individuals must begin to see new things as literature and analyze those things in a similar manner.
Although MacFarquhar argues against the widely held view that our culture is in decline because television watching Americans don’t read as devotedly as they used to, romance novels and self-help books are popular among Americans. Fiction is preferred by readers. Reading is an important skill needed by people all over. Romance novels in our society today let us explore the world from a different aspect. Reading is at an all-time high. Having novels to trigger our emotions lets authors know that their novels make our world spin. Being able to engage in books in which we can visualize the characters shows that reading has evolved. From young children to the elderly, romance is in the air with fairy tales and erotic stories.
According to the text criminals are physiologically different from noncriminal’s and behave different than noncriminal’s because they are structured differently. Instead of crime being a rational choice that can be deterred by threat of punishment, “inborn abnormalities” (Akers & Sellers, 2009. Pg.47) is the cause of crime. This theories main propositions is that individuals are predetermined criminals from birth or at a very young age and that they are defective. The idea of born criminals or defective human beings can be related to when companies that produce goods such as toys or food have mass recalls on products that are defined as “defective”. Somewhere along the process of creating these goods something went wrong causing them not to properly function, when it comes to the born criminal these reproducing issues stems from the
The international monetary fund (IMF) was created in 1944 to promote cooperation between countries, and to solve issues of those countries that were facing monetary and economic problems. But since the 1980’s, the IMF’s role has changed. But the IMF’s role has become more of that of an institution that provides assistance to those countries that are facing financial and economic issues. Some people argue that the IMF provides loans to developing nations so that they can develop so it is actually helping out these developing nations. But in reality it is actually the case that the IMF causes several problems in the countries to which it is giving loans, so that at the end of the day any advantages of the IMF are cancelled out by the disadvantages that they cause. Thus the IMF has a negative impact on the developing nations, and I shall prove this statement by pointing out several of problems that the IMF creates, giving a few examples of the countless developing countries that the IMF has destroyed economically or financially or socially instead of helping them when it gave them loans, and lastly by countering those claims of people who say the IMF is advantageous to the developing countries.
It is essential to first understand the purpose of the World Bank and how it came to be, before assessing its role in the global political economy. The World Bank as a Transnational Expertised Institution is one of the most important sources of knowledge for development and poverty reduction. The World Bank was created by planners at Bretton Woods in 1944, together with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as the public sector and intergovernmental financial cooperative (St. Clair, 78, 2006). The Bank’s purpose was to essentially rebuild post-World War II Europe. However, today the World Bank functions as an international institution dedicated to fighting poverty by providing developmental assistance to middle-income and low-income countries. Some methods the World Banks uses in eliminating poverty include “giving loans and offering advice and training in both the private and public sector” (World Bank, 2013).
However, iIn spite of the current pre-eminence of e-books, it may be argued that they are not likely to replace print books anytime soon or possibly at all. Both formats have their advantages and drawbacks, which makes for one of them difficult to replace the other. Moreover, they serve differents needs and purposes. E-books are famous for their portability. Hundreds of e-books can be stored on a single device. Thus e-books don’t take shelving space and are convenient to take on travel, while even a few paper books are bulky and quite heavy to carry around. Numerous e-books are in open access, while paper books are not routinely available free of charge. E-books may be acquired and accessed immediately online, a feature I enjoy especially and treasure most: many a time I was able to buy and read an e-book at home within minutes of learning of its existence. Needless to say, e-books are considerably easier to cite and quote than print books, since the copy-paste feature spares us the trouble of retyping the quoted text. Another important advantage of digital books is their specialized software, which makes reading much easier: search and reference tools, changeable font size and day/night mode, dictionaries. Last but not least, e-books conserv...