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Waves and water dynamics
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Investigating the Speed of Water Waves
Introduction
In this experiment I will be investigating the wave speed, of waves on
water in a tray, and how this speed is affected.
Waves can be longitudinal, when the particles move in the same
direction as the direction of the wave, or it can be transverse, when
the particles move at 90o to the direction of the wave. Water waves
are transverse waves even though transverse waves cannot travel
through liquid. This is because the waves travel on top of the water.
Aim:
The aim of this investigation is to find out how wave speed is
affected by the depth of the water. To do this we will observe whether
the depth of the water affects the wave speed of the waves in a
plastic tray.
Prediction:
I predict that the wave speed will increase as the tray is filled up
with more water. I think this because there is friction where the
water touches the tray. The deeper the water the less water touches
the tray and so the friction slows less water down. When there is less
water more of the water will be touching the tray causing more
friction and so the water will be slower. Also in previous experiments
we studied refraction. These experiments showed that when the incident
waves went past the boundary between shallow and deep water at an
angle they would change direction. This was because if the waves went
from shallow to deep, they the part of the wave that hit the boundary
between shallow and deep water at an angle first would speed up and be
faster than the rest of the wave causing the wave to travel in an
angle further from the normal line (90o to the boundary). If the wave
went...
... middle of paper ...
...slightly early or late and this would affect results. Also if
the stop clock was started late the results would be too low or early
before the tray hit the table the results would be too high and there
would be anomalous results. As the water became deeper the tray became
more full and this sometimes caused water to splash out of tray. To
stop this either the tray could be deeper or the experiment could be
stopped earlier when there was less water. Another factor that may
affect the results is if the tray was forced down instead of dropped.
This may affect the results by giving the waves more energy and
instead of just the gravitational energy and this would cause the
waves to travel faster and the results may become too low. This is why
I tried to just release the tray and not push it down during the
experiment.
This would give us an extra measure of accuracy each time. Another way to improve the experiment and to produce consistent readings was to used distilled water. This is because the distilled water contains no impurities and therefore no hardness in water.
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