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Personal nursing theory
Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
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Interpersonal Theory and the Nurse-Client Role Nursing is a field that requires constant review and transformation of its original scope of practice as the world also evolves into a more technological and interconnected society. Along history there had been astonishing breakthroughs and discoveries that have changed the course of action in the health care field. However, among all these changes the unique values that make up the essence of nursing continue to thrive. Some of these characteristics are empathy, establishment a holistic view of the patient, critical thinking and care through a trust relationship. This last aspect plays a crucial role in a successfully executed nursing process. Therefore, the present work aims to describe and explain the principles of Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory and its implications in the nurse-client relationship through different nursing roles.
Interpersonal Theory
The focus of Peplau’s theory is to achieve goals through the practice of an interpersonal relationship with the patient. This midrange, goal oriented theory states that this relationship is established once a nurse is able to interiorize and understand self-behaviors in order to help others
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Introduction of the nurse identity and purpose are key in establishing a trust relationship.
Resource Role As implied by its name, in this role the nurse works as a resource determinant by providing the patient information about his or her health condition.
Teaching Role This role is performed by the nurse after having successfully identified the informational needs of the patient. If the patient is not completely aware or informed about a condition, treatment, or therapy, the nurse act as an educator and provides knowledge and instructions.
Counseling
Kirk, T. W. (2007). Beyond empathy: clinical intimacy in nursing practice. Nursing Philosophy, 8(4), 233-243. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2007.00318.x
Poor care does not only result in bad press and public perception but also break the trust between the patient and nurse. Utilising the theoretical framework developed by Todres et all (2009) which explores eight central aspects of what it is to be human. Todres et al (2009). This model can be used to improve nursing care. Referring to the term ‘being treated as human beings’ not being treated as a number or object.
Therapeutic relationship is an essential part of nursing; it is the foundation of nursing (CNO, 2009). The National Competency Standard for Registered Nurses state that nurses are responsible for “establishing, sustaining and concluding professional relationship with individuals/groups.” Throughout this essay the importance of forming a therapeutic relationships will be explained. The process of building a therapeutic relationship begins from prior to time of contact with a patient, the interpersonal skills of the nurse; then the process includes skills required by the nurse to communicate effectively, including respect, trust, non-judgment and empathy. The way to portray these skills can be via verbal or non-verbal cues that are important to understand how they influence a person. The process and skills listed below are all relevant to nurses working in the contemporary hospital environment today.
They analyze the source of information, identify possibilities for health care problems and select, implement, as well as evaluate appropriate treatment. Also, they diagnose, perform diagnostic as well as therapeutic processes, administer and dispense therapeutic measures such as medical devices and drugs. A nurse practitioner is defined as a registered nurse with advanced education from the University.
Everyday in this world, elderly, adults, teens or children become ill or get into accidents and need medical attention. Whether these elderly, adults, teens or children are taken to a hospital, pediatrician, specialist, or clinic, a doctor and a nurse will tend to them. The nurse plays a role that is just as important as the doctor. Nurses work very closely with the families as part of the caring process. Every member of the family plays a role in different ways. The nurses are there to help the patient as well as the family step through the illness or injury. They provide information for the prevention of future illness and injury, and help to comfort the patient and his/her family. It is vital that a nurse understands that to be a nurse, you need a certain personality and understanding of the field.
The nurse is able to support the patient by providing education for self care techniques. Nurse researchers participate in and conduct research to help increase knowledge and improve current standards (pg 11). Florence Nightingale, the pioneer of evidence based practice, is an example of how nursing researchers have influenced patient care needs based on current health care evidence. The nurse is also an advocate who protects the legal rights of the patient making sure they understand and agree with the decisions about their health (pg 11). The collaborator role allows the nurse to work with all of the health care team to provide the best care possible for the patient (pg 11). The caregiver is the main role of the nurse, combining all the nursing responsibilities and duties together. As stated by Taylor (2011) “The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, social cultural, and spiritual needs”. Using these roles, the nurse is able to treat patients with a variety of problems including those in hostile situations. Sometimes while treating patients or their families, nurses end up in a dangerous workplace
De Raeve, L. (2002). Trust and worthiness in nurse-patient relationship. Nursing Philosophy, 3, 152-162. doi: 10.1046/j.1466-769X.2002.00090.x
This paper explores the personal philosophy I have as a nursing student and what I intend to convey throughout my nursing career. A philosophy is “an analysis of the grounds and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs (Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, n.d.). Before entering into any profession it is important to evaluate your personal philosophy about the profession, as it pertains to values and principles in which believe in to guide your practice. The field of nursing is more than treating a physiological ailment, but it involves providing quality care for the individualized needs of each patient, hence being client centered. My philosophy of nursing integrates the importance of knowledge base practice of medicine, combined with addressing holistic needs of the patient and family, including the physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, spiritual and social care (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2010). Additionally, a vital aspect of nursing is effective interpersonal relationships with other healthcare professionals to promote quality patient care. Moreover, my philosophy includes the importance the client-nurse relationship to aid in health promotion to prevent illness and increase the level of health of clients.
Berg, L., & Danielson, E. (2007). Patients’ and nurses’ experiences of the caring relationship in hospital: an aware striving for trust. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 501-506.
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
When a nurse is providing patient care, he/she creates a safe environment for the patient and enables the choice to establish a relationship on a human to human interaction or on a transpersonal level. The patient will be acknowledged as a person with the wholeness of their soul despite their illness or number on the bed. The ten carative factors in this theory are used as an education tool for nurses around the world and should be applied to the different care situations in practice. Nurses use the factors to promote growth in themselves and within the patient. A nurse should respect the patient’s decisions and take the time to fully be present in the moments with the patient. A lot of nurses complain about the time limitations they have and do not provide the necessary amount of time to listen and gather the patient’s perspective of the situation. Another way this theory can be applied to practice is by recognizing the caring moment between you and the patient. This will determine how the relationship will
70). I believe that the patient’s needs always take priority. A good nurse-patient relationship is important when taking care of patients. If a patient can trust the nurse taking care of him or her and they have a good rapport, the patient’s experience will be positive. Peplau’s theory is considered to be an interaction theory, an interaction theory, “revolve[s] around the relationships nurses form with patients” (Colley, 2003, p. 34). I believe that if a nurse does not have a good rapport with the patient, he or she will not be able to heal adequality. The patient might focus more on him or her not getting along with the nurse and thinking that the nurse does not care, then taking the time to make sure that he or she is healing properly. The patient may not ask for pain medication when they are in pain because he or she does not want to deal with the nurse. The environment also has a lot to do with the patient feeling better and healing
Defining what a nurse is varies from person to person. Some have described a nurse as a person who shows care to their patients while others say that nurses assist to regain the ill’s health back. There is no wrong answer in defining what a nurse is. Moreover, I believe that a nurse is one who treats their patients with the dignity and respect that they deserve, and assists them in promoting and preventing their health illness and lastly, enhancing their health to optimal status. Nursing is viewed as a human science because nurse must display a connection with each patient. One must view the patients as a person, who has feelings, who behaves a certain way and who deserve to be well cared for. In addition, nursing is not a profession that treats
Many persons go into the healthcare ground because they want to work with people. For these nurses, it is the nurse-patient relationship that is one of the most significant things. By understanding the nurse-patient relationship, nurses can be better furnished to work with their patients and, eventually, deliver superior care for them. Hildegard Peplau's model of nursing emphases on that nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the diverse roles nurses take on when working with patients.
She developed the theory through empirical study of the nursing practice (Sampoornam, 2015). It was published in her book The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship and was revised in 1972. The key concepts of the nursing process theory are function of professional nursing, presenting behavior, immediate reaction, nursing process discipline, and improvement (Sampoornam, 2015). The key concept professional nursing is the nurses thought. Nurses need to evaluate if the patient needs help and how they can meet the patient’s needs. Presenting behavior is realization of the nurse that the patient has a problem. This can be done through complaints, questions, demands or statements. It can also be through emotions like crying, shouting or laughing. Immediate reaction is how the nurse perceives the needs and reacts to them. Nursing process discipline is how the nurse is going to use her knowledge to meet the needs of the patient. Improvement is to become better and increase knowledge to effectively treat patients and improve patient outcomes. The nursing process theory addresses each concept of the metaparadigm: Person, health, environment, and nursing. Person- each person has their own perceptions and feelings of their needs. Health- is the mental and physical discomfort of the person. Environment- is the way the nurse and patient view the surroundings, how they feel, and how they think. Nursing- nurse provides the care that their patient needs without judgement of the patient (Bender & Feldman,