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The role of religion in globalization
The role of religion in globalization
How does religion play a role in business ethics
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Introduction This is a short summary explains how differences in culture across and within countries can affect international business through several themes. Culture definition Scholars have never been able to agree on a simple definition of culture. Geert Hofstede defined culture as ‘the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. … Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture’. Values are abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable. They provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified, and form the bedrock of a culture. Norms are the social rules and guidelines …show more content…
In American society, the high degree of social mobility and the extreme emphasis on individualism limit the impact of class background on business operations. In a country such as Great Britain, however, the relative lack of class mobility and the differences between classes have resulted in the emergence of class consciousness which is a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with others. In cultures where there is a great deal of consciousness of the class of others, the way individuals from different classes work together (i.e. management and labor) may be very prescribed and …show more content…
The ethical practices of individuals within a culture are often closely intertwined with their religion. Christianity Christianity is the largest religion and is common throughout Europe, the Americas and other countries settled by Europeans. Economic implications of Christianity: The Protestant work ethic: At the turn of the century Weber suggested that it was the Protestant work ethic (focus on hard work, wealth creation, and frugality) that was the driving force of capitalism. Islam Islam extends the underlying roots of Christianity to an all-embracing way of life that governs one 's being. In the West, Islamic fundamentalism is associated in the media with militants, terrorists, and violent upheavals. However, the vast majority of Muslims point out that Islam teaches peace, justice, and tolerance. Fundamentalists have gained political power in many Muslim countries, and have tried to make Islamic law the law of the land. • Economic implications of Islam In Islam, people do not own property, but only act as stewards for God and thus must take care of that with which they have been entrusted. While Islam is supportive of business, the way business is practiced is prescribed.
Culture has been defined numerous ways throughout history. Throughout chapter three of, You May Ask Yourself, by Dalton Conley, the term “culture” is defined and supported numerous times by various groups of people. One may say that culture can be defined as a set of beliefs (excluding instinctual ones), traditions, and practices; however not all groups of people believe culture has the same set of values.
Culture by definition is the set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices, as well as customary beliefs, social forms and material traits that characterize a racial, religious or ...
The culture of a community invariably determines the social structures and the formation of a society. Developed over time, culture is the collection of beliefs and values that a group of people maintain together. Culture is never constant, and thought to be continually renewed over years as new ideas and concepts become mainstream. It ranges from how people live, day to day topics for conversations, religion, and even entertainment. It is analogous to guidelines, or the rulebook of the said group of people. Society, on the other hand, emanates from the social structure of the community. It is the very institutions to which create a regulated and acceptable form of interaction between peoples. Indeed, culture and society are so perversely intertwined in a
Culture is an essential part of every human being. People can fall under the category of one culture or they can fall under many. Values derived from culture tend to reflect in an individual’s or a society’s understanding of what is wrong and right. In culture, there are many significant features. Some are material, such as food and clothing, and non-material, such as beliefs and ideas. These material and non-material objects help to push people into powerful roles and they maintain the power. With the power these people then have a strong influence on the beliefs and ideas of the lower people. They have the ability to alter and change their beliefs at any time and most times, they follow along with it. These ideas and thoughts have been in place for many decades, since cultural theorists, such as Marx and Habermas, began explaining them. They have been a thought for decades
Giger (2013) defines culture as a response in behavior that is shaped over time by values, beliefs, norms and practices shared by members of one's cultural group. A person's culture influences most aspects of his or her life including beliefs, conduct, perceptions, emotions, language, diet, body image, and attitudes about illness and pain (He...
According to Rivkin and Ryan (1998), the word ‘culture’ acquired a new meaning in the 1960s and 1970s. Prior to that time, ‘culture’ was associated with art, literature, and classical music. To have ‘culture’ was to possess a certain taste for particular kinds of artistic endeavor. Anthropologists have always used the word ‘culture’ in much broader sense to mean forms of life and of social expression. The way people behave while eating, talking to each other, becoming sexual partners, interacting at work, engaging in ritualized social behaviour such as family gatherings, and the like constitute a culture. This broad definition of the term includes language and the arts, but it also includes the regularities, procedures, and rituals of human life in communities.
Islamic teachings that are followed by Muslims around the globe do not have same context and applicability like other religions of the world. Islam not only tells about the way of worshiping the Lord and behaving like a good human being but it also give a complete code of life. It includes political, military, social, financial, legal and governance systems. Non-Muslims normally con...
...n Europe and Asia, it tends to be forgotten that this also reflects into doing business and not just social interactions. Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010) can give a listing of the differences between cultures, globally, and how these differences can be analyzed, but this does not inform people of how to act and react in other cultures outside of social interactions. According to Pye (1983), cultures can influence the way a negotiation proceeds, Maede (1969) shows that leadership is different depending on the culture of the leader and Naor (1986) and Tse, Russel and Nan (1988) conclude that marketing is not any different.
Understand and heed cultural differences - cultural variables in transacting international business. (1991, January 28). Business America. FindArticles.com., Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1052/is_n2_v112/ai_10412261/pg_4?tag=content;col1
Cultural Appropriation versus Multiculturalism In today's society, there are many different cultures that individuals identify with. Culture is very important to many people and is something that helps define who we are. When different cultures are respected and appreciated, it is a beautiful thing, it can bring individuals in society closer to one another. Ideally, this understanding of one another’s cultures can lead to multiculturalism.
The term “culture” is casually attributed to the theory of Cultural Relativism. Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words, “right” and “wrong” are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs
Every society has a culture, in fact, every human being is cultured. In our daily usage of the word 'culture', we often just refer it as a custom or tradition of certain group of people, or else the higher desirable quality we can acquire after paying a hard effort such as playing piano. However the definition of culture is not as simple as that but it refers to countless aspects of life which include every simple elements at whole (Linton, 1945). In general, the social scientists often refer to the Tylor's definition of culture when defining culture: "Culture... is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" (Tylor, 1958, p. 1). Culture is learned through enculturation and commonly shared by the members of the society. In this paper, three types of culture are briefly discussed which include dominant culture, subculture and counter-culture.
When one thinks of culture what usually comes to mind? Do people usually think of ethnicity, geography, or norms? Well, all of these can make up someone’s culture and can shape how somebody lives their life. Early on in the semester, we learned that culture is defined as “all aspects of the way of life associated with a group of people. Culture includes language, beliefs, norms, values, customs, technology, and many other components” (Healey & O’Brien, 2015).
National identity in a country and nations was represented by national culture. Culture has been defined in the simplest form as the way of life of a person. A country’s culture which including some of the knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, customs and traditions of local with the changing of the way of thinking and accumulate over years to agree upon and pass on to the next generation . After gaining the independence in 1957, the demographic landscape of Malaya changed from an ethnically homogenous society who shares the same cultural values to an ethnically heterogeneous one due to the acceptance of the Chinese and Indians as citizens of a new nation.(Husin 2012). The Malaysia government starts to introduce the National Cultural Policy in the year 1971 after the burst of few ethnic conflicts. In order to explain the changing of national cultural policy just to fit the nation in Malaysia, J.W.tollefson said: “National Culture is a way of constructing meaning which influences and organizes both our actions and our conceptions of ourselves, it also constructs identities by producing meanings about the nations” (Amy Tsui, James W. Tollefson 2007). During the middle of the 19th century, Chinese and Indian immigrants came to Malaya for the growth of colonial economic activities. We can trace the interaction between Chinese and Malay in most of the state in Malaya at that time with the harmony trading relationship with freedoms to practice ones cultural value. The critical division of opinion between Malay and Chinese was in critical condition with the ethnic riot eruption in the year 1969. This is due to the dissatisfaction towards special privilege granted to Malay by British policy of divide & rule for the freedom in economics ...
Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behavior. It includes the ideas, value, customs and artifacts of a group of people (Schaefer, 2002). Culture is a pattern of human activities and the symbols that give these activities significance. It is what people eat, how they dress, beliefs they hold and activities they engage in. It is the totality of the way of life evolved by a people in their attempts to meet the challenges of living in their environment, which gives order and meaning to their social, political, economic, aesthetic and religious norms and modes of organization thus distinguishing people from their neighbors.