The Internal-Combustion Engine Nearly every vehicle on the road today is powered by some version of the four-stroke internal-combustion engine patented by Nikolaus Otto in 1876. Otto exploited the findings of French physicist Sadi Carnot, who in 1824 showed that the efficiency of an engine depends critically on the temperature differential between a hot "source" of energy and a cold "sink." The four-stroke engine compresses an air-fuel mixture and ignites it with a spark, thus creating a fleeting but intense source of heat. Its portable efficiency has not been matched since (Moyer). To appreciate fully the internal-combustion one must know about its origin and development, its modifications and the many improvements that have been made to it throughout its history. The internal-combustion engine (I.C.E.) is very important to human life and one of the greatest inventions in history, without it people who travel long distances for work would not be able to get to their jobs; and travel would be almost impossible in bad weather. “Combustion drives the developed world's economy. Transportation is second only to industrial use as the largest consumer of energy in the US and accounts for about 60% of our nations use of petroleum” (Manly). The four-cycle I.C.E. Developed by Nikolaus Otto was not the first attempt at an I.C.E., but it was the best by far of its time. “It was [Nikolaus] Otto's four-cycle design that transformed the internal combustion engine into a viable means of transportation for the masses” (Motoring). As its name implies it runs on a basic four-cycle system of: intake, compression, power, and exhaust that is: Fuel mixes with air in the combustion, or piston, chamber; the mixture is compressed by the piston and ignit... ... middle of paper ... ...transmission has as many as six forward gears, which contribute to longer engine life and reduced gas consumption” (Motoring). Upgrades are often used to improve an automobile or engine. An upgrade can be defined as: the betterment of something, in this case an I.C.E… An upgrade can be as simple as replacing a part with a newer better model of that same part. Headers, for example, an upgrade may be to replace the existing headers with bigger ones or headers that are made of a different material the will not clog as easily; basically they make the engine run better and last longer. Knowing where the internal combustion engine came from, how it can be modified, and how it has improved will give a better appreciation for the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is something humans could not live without and yet it is constantly taken for granted.
It was first created in the 1880s in Germany. The internal combustion engine was designed by Karl Benz. In the early stages of the internal combustion engine, it was unbearably loud and slow. The engine was still more efficient than a spark ignition engine. In 1892, a man named Rudold Diesel turned the internal combustion engine into a diesel engine. Later on, the engine was finally designed small enough to fit in a automobile. In the 1880s the internal combustion engine was the best engine of its time.
The diesel engine was granted patent in 1898 and after that it spread around the world in the nineteen hundreds.
My focus on this project is how one of these engines is “rebuilt”, and how can they be changed (from stock) to create more power or be more efficient, through what is called “porting”. I chose this topic because when I was introduced to the rotary engine last year when I bought my second car, I immediately fell in love with the idea. My cars engine was “blown”
All with various power outputs. To discuss the power output, first the cycles of the engine itself needs to be mentioned. 1.Intake: The intake valve opens, allowing fresh oxygen rich air mixed with fuel to enter the cylinder. 2.Compression:
Cummins has a history of innovation beginning in 1919 when it was founded and produced its first diesel engine, a 1.5 to 8 horsepower model used to power pumps. In 1929, a Cummins engine powered the first diesel-powered U.S car. The company continued to advance in the diesel engine and power generation industry, and in 1958 Cummins Filtration was started to meet the high-performance requirements of Cummins diesel engines (Cummins Inc.). In 1985, Cummins introduced aerodynamic contours to Class 8 trucks years ahead of its time. This new shape greatly reduced air flow drag and, combined with a lightweight engine, attained up to 20 percent higher fuel efficiency than similar vehicles at the time. In 1999, Beijing Public Transit launched a fleet of 300 buses with Cummins B5.9 engines to improve city air quality, being the first clean, alternative fuel fleet in Asia and remains the largest in the world, with more than 3500 Cummins Westport natural gas powered buses (Cummins Inc.). These are just a few examples demonstrating a history marked by improvement and innovation of new technologies in order to reduce emissions and increase efficiencies for the benefit of the environment.
After Diesel’s death, the diesel engine underwent much development and became a very important replacement for the steam piston engine in many applications. Because the diesel engine required heavier, more robust construction than a gasoline engine, it was not widely used in aviation. The diesel engine became widespread in many other applications, however, such as a stationary engines, submarines, ships, and much later, locomotives, trucks, and in modern automobiles. Diesel engines are most often found in applications where a high torque requirements and low RPM requirements exist.
The invention of the Internal Combustion Engine has completely altered and changed not only the way we transport ourselves through automobiles, planes and trains but also at the way in which Industry evolves and with it closes the gap from an agricultural economy to an Industrial economy. As Modern technologies advanced through the 18th and 19th century the internal combustion people have relied on its power. The Internal combustion engine is not simply a Over 150 years ago...
Diesel Engine - The Diesel Engine is an application of 2nd law of thermodynamics. It is similar to the Otto cycle, the fuel used is different which makes working of the engine different, thought output is rotational motion .the compression ratio is much high as compared to any other as no spark plug is used only adiabatic compression ration leads to burning of fuel [4].
The battery-powered engine is run using solely battery power. The battery-powered engine, along with all the other engines mentioned in this essay pollute much less than the combustion engine. The battery-powered engine is more efficient than the combustion engine for a variety of reasons. One reason includes how the electric motor is directly connected to the wheels; this lets the vehicle consume no energy while the car is at rest or coasting. Another way the battery engine is more efficient than the combustion engine is the fact that the battery engine converts more than 90 percent of the storage cell energy into driving force, while the combustion engine converts only a m...
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...
Transportation is not just technology but rather is a system created by people that depends on money, energy, land and culture. The internal-combustion engine, which runs on either gas, oil or air, was invented in the 1880’s and was used almost immediately in car production. This new development of technology in cars made travel cheaper and faster. Between the 1990’s to 1920’s, consumers chose the internal combustion powered automobile because it provided power, reliability and economical affordability. Consumers in the early 20th century wanted internal combustion cars because those cars fit their standard terms of money, land, speed and appeal for the American automobile industry.
In our life, cars occupy much space. We use them many times to transport, to visit etc. The most important part for cars is engine. Engine is the main part of cars. There are many types of engine. It is generally used internal combustion engine for cars. This type engine works with gasoline, diesel and gas. People wonder that how they work, because when people look the engine, they think that it is complicated. It isn’t complicated. Some gasoline comes to piston space and is burned. The burning generates energy and gives a motion to pistons. This motion is circular motion and pistons convert it to linear motion.
The internal combustion engine has become an integral part of the lives of every person on earth. They’re the devices that have allowed us to cross continents reliably, generate electricity in remote areas and fly around the world in a matter of hours. All these engines do is burn fuel and convert its energy into work. It’s these heat engines that have really changed the world. However the convenience they bring has come at a great cost. The major problem with the internal combustion engine is the environmental damage it has caused. It is only now we are beginning to realise the full extent of this damage.
Today, people try to find resources that do not impact on the ozone, or cost a large amount of money. Moreover, most people are not happy with unclean air, which causes an unhealthy environment to live in, and one of the reasons that make unclean air is a fossil fuel. There are millions of cars run daily, so they make the area impure; therefore, the electric cars are the solution for this problem. Electric cars powered by electric motors, and using renewable energy instead of gasoline, are more helpful. One author argues that electric cars are more useful than traditional cars to protect the environment, especially when they depend on the source that used.
Diesel engines are an important component of society in how they are used efficiently and effectively. Diesel engines have been around since 1892 when inventor Rudolph Diesel was able to achieve his goal of developing an internal combustion engine that can achieve maximum efficiency as seen in the Carnot Theorem. The Carnot Theorem set the standard for determining the maximum