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Social and political changes after 9/11
Pros and cons of intelligence-led policing
Pros and cons of intelligence-led policing
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Subsequently, Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) was one advancement, that was probably going to stand up to both of these issues. Intelligence-Led Policing is a technique essentially expected to perceive the risks fear based oppressors and wrongdoers posture, and additionally deliver successful systems so as to expel those potential perils. Law enforcement agencies have advanced with the foundation of (ILP) because of its fuse with other policing obligations managing non-military personnel administrations and examinations (Carter, J. G., and Carter, D. L., 2012, p. 140). Since the attacks, our national outlook has changed impressively for our country (Brooks, B. E., 2010, p. 113). Radicals regularly utilize unconventional weapons for example Improvised Explosive Device, Dirty Bombs, Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device and so on, the lower level law enforcement officers are not familiar or acquainted with these types of catastrophic weapons, much less how to disarm one.
In spite of the fact that they have once in a while worked with each other, federal agencies, for example, the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency (NSA) are habitually matched up with local law enforcement officers to practice techniques in averting psychological oppression. In General, activities to counteract psychological oppression and operations managing country security are probably going to put federal agencies at the front of these techniques in preparing lower level police departments (Roberg et al., 2012, p. 8). In this manner, in spite of the fact that the attacks of September 11, 2001 produced modifications in our national resistance, it furthermore balanced law enforcement strategies monstrously (Brooks, B. E., 2010, p...
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...h this new act came new authorities granted to police agencies and departments, such as tapping phone lines and monitoring Internet activity. The reshaping of the federal government established the following agency, and its subordinate to combat the war on terrorism.
The Transportation Security Administration, and, The Department of Homeland Security reorganization of preferences among numerous law enforcement agencies at the federal level (DEA and FBI). With these new add-ons and restructuring of federal departments and agencies was also an expansion in federal funding for the purpose of antiterrorism tactics. These attacks were calculated and showed a wanton disregard for human life. (Brown, B., 2007, p. 240). The September 11, 2001 attacks revealed that terrorist threats were possible in America with the consequences being disastrous. (Roberg et al., 2012, p. 511)
...nt to work together has increased. It has become more common place for federal law enforcement to work with local law enforcement. The monetary influence from programs administered by the Executive Branch with such programs as COPS, helps bring new technologies to local police agencies, thus impacting policing. Moreover, the federal law enforcement’s creation of new crime fighting technologies, eventually make their way into the state and local police departments. This supports the idea that both the Legislative and Executive Branches influence law enforcement; however, the Executive Branch provides a more direct and active influence.
...Territo, L., & Taylor, R. W. (2012). Intelligence, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. Police administration: structures, processes, and behavior (8th ed., pp. 90-99). Boston: Pearson.
After 9/11 there was a great increase in security nationwide. One major example of this is the number of agencies created as a result of 9/11. Among these agencies include the creation of the TSA (Transportation Security Administration), the DHS (The Department of Homeland Security), the ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), and lastly the massive advancement of the US Coast Guard. Every one of the budgets of these agencies has doubled since 9/11. The creation of the transportation and security administrations primary goal is to improve the safety of all American Citizens traveling by plane. The TSA started implementing, new policies and new technological advancements.
In looking at the Kansas City Patrol Experiment, it appears that adding more police officers has little or no affect on arrests or the crime rate. Please review the study and explain why more police does not mean less crime. Due Date March 11, 2005
& Forst, L.S. (2016). An Introduction to Policing (8th Edition). Boston, MA USA: Cengage Learning. p.243 (245). Retrieved June 6, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net
After the fear of terrorism grew in the United States do to the Al Qaeda 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the US Government found a need for a centralized department that umbrellas all other agencies when it comes to homeland security. The U.S. Government found this umbrella agency with the passage of the Homeland Security Act by Congress in November 2002, the Department of Homeland Security formally came into being as a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department to further coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts. (Homeland Security) With the creation of the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) the government had a pinpoint location for the collection and gathering of intelligence, control of policies that effect national security, and a no fail mission. The Department of Homeland Security started to engulf other agencies and created many more, a total of 22 agencies now fall under the DHS. The DHS is control of all areas that deal with national security which included but are not limited to coastal and boarder protection, domestic terrorism, international terrorism, protection of the American people, protection of key infrastructure, protection of key resources and respond to natural disasters.
On September 11th, 2001, four planes were hijacked, two planes hit the twin towers, one hit the pentagon, and one crash-landed in a field in Pennsylvania. Since then the government has been doing everything it can to help with security at airports, in airplanes, and in everyday life. Even though the government has been trying to increase security, terrorists have still been successful. Since 9/11, the government has taken many steps to increase security and decrease terrorism. However, security has increased, while terrorism has not decreased.
Walker, S., & Katz, C. (2012). Police in America: An Introduction (8th Edition ed.). New York:
Peak, K. J. (2006). Views. In K. J. Peak, Policing America: Methods/Issues/Challenges (p. 263). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
...the previous Act. The last Act is the FISA Act of 2008 “The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act”, which allows intelligence professionals to monitor terrorist communications, while protecting civil liberties of Americans, more quickly and efficiently. (USDOJ) These legal changes have allowed not only the investigation and prosecution of terrorists to be more proficient, but it has also help change the structure of the operations of agencies to enhance counter-terrorism efforts.
In the 1990s, global terrorism spread into the United States. After many domestic terrorist attacks such as the 1993 attack on the World Trade Center and the 1995 bombing of Oklahoma City’s Federal Building, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996. This Act addressed the need to enhance the enforcement and patrolling process at America’s borders. It also informed the citizens that the government will be investigating and monitoring visa applications and
Bibliography Why Good Cops Go Bad. Newsweek, p.18. Carter, David L. (1986). Deviance & Police. Ohio: Anderson Publishing Co. Castaneda, Ruben (1993, Jan. 18). Bearing the Badge of Mistrust. The Washington Post, p.11. Dantzer, Mark L. (1995). Understanding Today's Police. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. James, George (1993, Mar. 29). Confessions of Corruption. The New York Times, P.8, James, George (1993, Nov. 17). Officials Say Police Corruption is Hard To Stop. The New York times, p.3. Sherman, Lawrence W(1978). Commission Findings. New York Post, P. 28 Walker, J.T. (1992). The police in America, p.243-263, chp. 10, Walker, Samuel (1999).
Intelligence collection and apprehension of criminals have occurred for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were performed by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of the government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels aid in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence gathered to protect national security and law enforcement intelligence are kept separately. Even though law enforcement operations can strengthen intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information does not leak or is not compromised when sharing intelligence. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss the expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations.
make police work more effective and efficient. Hanser and Gomila (2015) noted, “The criminal justice system does not operate in a social vacuum; rather, it is directly impacted by this sense of rapid and continual cultural change” (p. 7). In light of globalization, law enforcement organizations must change the way it operates in a world where criminal activities and terrorism are more geographically diverse and sophisticated.
“The strategic foundation for predictive policing is clear enough. A smaller, more agile force can effectively counter larger numbers by leveraging intelligence, including the element of surprise. A force that uses intelligence to guide information-based operations can penetrate an adversary’s decision cycle and change outcomes, even in the face of a larger...