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Difficulties in defining intelligence
Aesop's fables children's literature
Aesop's fables children's literature
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Aesop’s Fables, stories written by a slave and story-teller believed to have lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BCE, contains the tale The Crow and the Pitcher. This fable describes the struggle of a thirsty crow and a pitcher filled with water at the bottom, out of reach of the crow’s beak. The bird tries to push the pitcher over, and fails, but he refuses to give up. He begins to collect up pebbles, and drops them into the pitcher until the water is pushed up and high enough from him to drink from. In many versions, a moral lesson is stressed; brain over brawn. However, more importantly, it relates very early observation of corvid behavior that scientific studies of today have confirmed is goal directed and indicative of actual understanding instead of just conditioning. It can be argued that Humans are the most intelligent group of animals, the alpha species of creatures with brains. We have conquered survivorship by being able to mentally adapt, and act accordingly. Because of this we …show more content…
Freeman in his article What is Intelligence?, “the designers of mental tests have frequently said that it is not only unnecessary, but probably futile to raise the question which is the subject of this article, and that the answer would be no use if we could find it.” It can be agreed that intelligence is, but not agreed what it is. However, we do not need to know the nature of intelligence in order to measure it. One of my favorite theories is that of multiple intelligences. These intelligences can include; musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic, and existential. What is strong about this theory is its lack of expansion of the definition of intelligence. It denies to agree with the way intelligence has been understood in the past. Intelligence is more than just ability or aptitude, and Intelligence is distinguishable from
Howard Gardner used to define intelligence as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings” (Gardner 33). The modern day human being would most likely include the words “smart” and “dumb” in their definition of intelligence. Gardner questioned the belief of only one intelligence so he created his own theory that involved seven different discoveries. He didn’t want to call these discoveries “skills” or “talents” or gifts” because those all suggested a drawback so he decided on the word “intelligence,” creating his theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner 33). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences including, linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal and interpersonal, has many implications for modern education and culture.
Non-human primates are the only animal that imparts a large number of essential cognitive aptitudes with humans.
According to Howard Gardner (1991), every individual is born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. It is unfair to teach and/or assess an individual with a standard guideline or benchmark. This is mainly because every individual possess a different intellectual strength and different kinds of mind that learn, perform and understand in a different ways which is difficult to be changed. If an individual cannot understand the way we communicate, we should communicate in the way they can understand. Howard Gardner (1983), in his Multiple Intelligence Theory, proposes that human intelligence has seven dimensions that should be acknowledged and developed by the encouragement of learning and self-development and
One such theory is that of Sternberg; Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence categorizes intelligence into three different types: analytical, creative, and practical (Santrock, 2017, pg. 292). Another theory about types of intelligence is Gardner's Eight Frames of Mind. Gardner's Eight Frames of Mind consists of eight categories that describe different types of intelligence, these categories include: verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist (Santrock, 2017, pg. 293). The importance of recognizing that there are different types of intelligence is that it redefines the way one looks at intelligence as a whole. For instance, say a person is not skilled in mathematics and fails majority of their math courses, one may think this person is just not intelligent. However, acknowledging the different types of intelligence would help one to see that while they may not be a person who is skilled in mathematics, they may be incredibly musically skilled or be great with interpersonal
Intelligence tests have been developed by scientists as a tool to categorize army recruits or analyze school children. But still discussing what intelligence is, academics have a difficult time defining what intelligence tests should measure. According to the American researcher Thorndike, intelligence is only that what intelligence tests claim it is (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). Thus, depending on what is being researched in the test and depending on the scientist’s definition of intelligence the meaning of the word intelligence may vary a lot. This essay will discuss what intelligence is in order to be able to understand the intelligence theories and aims of intelligence tests.
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
Monkey see, monkey do. Apes have always been thought to have an increased level of intelligence. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand the degree of intelligence these primates possess. However, it is essential to understand the definition of intelligence in order to determine the amount of intelligence primates have. Intelligence is the capability of obtaining knowledge and being able to utilize it in everyday situations. There are many hypotheses that focus on the evolution of intelligence in primates that view a number of factors including brain size and modernism. Primate intelligence has been a topic of interest to many because it will allow us to further understand the close relationship between humans and primates. Additionally, we will be able to understand the difference between human and primate cognition. Some studies suggest that the human and primate brains possess many similarities. This demonstrates why primates tend to respond to stimuli in a manner that is closely related to humans. Researchers have conducted a number of studies in an effort to understand primate cognition.
“Introduction to Aesop's Fables.” The Chesterton Review, Feb 6. May 2001 XXVII. 1&2 (2001): 17-20. Print.
I believe the best theory for determining intelligence is the Theory of Multiple Intelligence & I believe I possess many different types of
One of the most definitive things ever said regarding the nature of intelligence was that intelligence is whatever IQ tests measure. The IQ test has been in use throughout the 20th century and serves as an accepted measure of a person’s intelligence. It is used by institutions such as schools and the army to screen people’s level of intelligence and decisions are made based on that. The IQ test consists of a series of questions regarding certain skills such as vocabulary, mathematics, spatial relations. The scores that a person gets on these tests depend on the amount of questions that a person answers correctly. The actual score that a person gets is dependant on how others in that age group do on those particular questions.
Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.
Aesop’s fables were written around 300 BCE, and originated from Greece (“Aesop par. 6). Although most of the fables are about animals, they display the characteristics of humans. Fables are usually short and easy to comprehend, and all fables have their own morals, however; some fables have more than one. Aesop’s fables may seem childish and pointless, but they were written to point out the flaws and strengths of human beings. Most fables have a central problem that the main character must solve, and have been very important to society as a whole.
Marjorie Luciano H. Professor Elfers-Mabil Masterpieces of Literature I 16 October 2015 Since we started class we have discussed about ancient Romans and Greeks literature. One out of ten people would be interested in learning these kinds literature. However, these past two weeks we’ve been reading Aesop Fables and Metamorphoses in which each story either teaches someone’s a lesson about life or somewhat changes their physical appearance. Aesop Fables are usually presented as children’s literature. These stories were to demonstrate a moral lesson to the adults in the 5th century B.C. but the themes and characters that were used in the short stories are animals that talked just like human at the same time as retaining their animal’s traits.
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.