Hi everyone, could you image one of the applications of x-ray was shoes-fitting in the past? While you were fitting a pair of shoes, the salesperson asked you to step on the x-ray shoe fitter to check whether the shoes fit with your foot. It is interesting, right? However, today I would like to focus on the condition that made medical x-ray to succeed. Before that, let’s look at some background information about x-ray. X-ray was discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen. It is a kind of wave that can penetrate through living organisms. The thicker and denser body parts like bones, teeth and tumours will leave shadows on a phosphor screen which generate an image of the invisible body parts. Due to this feature, if someone is injured, it will be …show more content…
There are 2 main reasons, the invention of Crookes tubes and the drawbacks of the previous diagnostic procedure. Firstly, Crookes tubes were invented by William Crookes in the 1870s. They are glass vacuum chambers that contain cathode and anode to investigate the electronic transmission. At the beginning of his study, he noticed an unknown glow in the tube. Later, to understand Crookes’ observation, Roentgen enclosed the tube with black cardboard and connected the circuit; then, the Barium platinocyanide (BaPt(CN)4) screen next to the cathode-ray tube gave off a green light. After 6 weeks of review, he announced that he had found a new ray named x-ray that could show invisible body parts. Secondly, prior to the x-ray imaging occurrence, exploratory surgery was needed before treatment to investigate the type of trauma. Therefore, the diagnosis time and recovery time would take longer; also, patients would suffer from more pain. With the x-ray film, doctors could see the invisible body parts; therefore, the above problems could be fixed. Due to the weakness of investigational surgery, it was applied in the clinic immediately. To sum up, the equipment and the flaw of the existing operations paved the way for x-ray became
In the radiology profession first you must write the patient’s file. This includes information about insurance, medical history, what the required x-ray is for and where it is going to be taken on the body. Writing in this way is similar to writing a small research paper. You must do research on the patients and there history and what insurance they have. Writing the report is important because the information must be accurate so the patient can be helped as much as possible. If the information about medical history is incorrect it can cause a huge problem for the patient. For example, if the patient is claustrophobic they would need to get an open room x-ray where the patient isn’t in an enclosed tube so they don’t have a panic attack and potentially injure themselves and others. It is very important to make sure the report has the correct area of where the x-ray needs to be taken. Having the wrong part of the body x-...
Apart of becoming a new patient at a dental office is taking an x-ray and some may have question along with taking an x-ray, like “will I be affected by the x-ray?” or “will I get cancer?”, “how long will it take” “are x-ray’s safe?”, the list goes on and on. So in this paper we will talk about different types of radiation affects such as affects on children and pregnant women as well as some things that may help reduce some of the radiation that may harm the human body.
Today I’m going to inform you about X-ray Technology its history and how it been advancing since it’s been invented. Also will inform you how it is currently helping doctors and their patients.
In 1895, Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a cathode ray tube, much like our fluorescent light bulb. The tube consisted of positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in a glass envelope. On November 8, 1895, Roentgen was conducting experiments in his lab on the effects of cathode rays. He evacuated all the air from the tube and passed a high electric voltage through it after filling it with a special gas. When he did this, the tube began to give off a fluorescent glow. Roentgen then shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light could be seen coming from a screen located a few feet away from the tube.
The CT imaging system consists of a motorized table which moves the patient through a circular opening. While the patient is inside the opening, an X-ray source and a detector assembly within the system rotate around the patient. A single rotation typically takes a second or less. During rotation the X-ray source produces a narrow, fan-shaped beam of X-rays that passes through a section of the patient's body. Detectors in rows opposite the X-ray source register the X-rays that pass through the patient's body as a snapshot in the process of creating an image [3, 8].
For decades, the effects of radiation has been studied by doctors around the world. X-rays are used in the medical and dental field to take radiographs of certain parts of a person's body. Some have become concerned of the long term and short term effects of having x-rays taken because of the radiation that is exposed. Since the rise of concern, studies have been done to find any type of link between cancer and radiation from x-rays. Specifically, in dental x-rays, researchers have been performing studies trying to prove that radiation from x-rays in the dental office can cause cancer .
...s in one direction to acquire a single image slice. For another slice to be imaged the x-ray tube would again rotate another 360 degrees but on opposite direction. However this has been changed over the years and has been implemented a Slip-Ring technology which replaced the old high tension cables. In this way the new CT scanner x-ray tube had the ability to rotate continuously around the patient and in the same time the table was moving through the gantry to acquire data in a form of a Spiral or Helical. Therefore the new generation of CT scanners is called Spiral or Helical CT. The advantages of the new scanners are that the volume data can be reconstructed in any other planes (sagittal, coronal and three dimensional images), also there is a short time scan therefore radiation to the patient is minimized and also the artefact caused by patient motion is reduced.
What would Wilhelm Roentgen, the father of X-ray, say about the technological discoveries in radiology today? Since the start of X-rays in 1895 significant advancements have revolutionized the field of radiology. One illustrates how different scanners have improved, in addition how picture archiving communication system can assist doctors, and finally the outlook on the future of radiology.
Radiographers provide essential services to millions of people. They deal with patients of all types and ages, from the very young to the elderly, as well as patients with special needs, such as visual or hearing impairments. Diagnostic radiographers produce high-quality images of organs limbs and other body parts to allow a wide range of diseases to be diagnosed. According to (The College of Radiographers -Registered Charity No 272505) May 2008. As a diagnostic radiographer, I am not confined to work in the x-ray department. I will x-ray patients in the accident and emergency department, on the wards, in the intensive care unit and in the operating theatre when patients are too ill to visit the x-ray department. Diagnostic radiographers work as part of a team and may work alone, outside normal working hours to provide x-ray services 24 hours a day. Wide ranges of imaging methods are used. These include ultrasound, MRI and CT scanning. Ranges of dyes or contrast agents are sometimes used to show soft tissue organs that would not appear on standard x-ray examinations e.g. arteries, the bowel and kidneys. (Medical Physics page 159-188)
Though our knowledge of the human body has developed drastically, there will always be more to learn, especially in the field of pathology. In addition to education, this procedure is also used to improve the quality of care that healthcare workers provide for their patients, especially in terms of undetermined diagnoses. Post mortem examinations can help to better identify pathologies, and allow a “hands on” approach that cannot be obtained readily.
Radioisotopes have helped create advanced imaging techniques. Beforehand, X rays could only provide so much information such as broken bones, abnormal growths, and locating foreign objects in the body. Now it is possible to obtain much more information from medical imaging. Not only can this advanced imaging give imaging of tiny structures in the body, but it can also provide details such as cancerous cells and damaged heart tissue from a heart...
Image intensification is the process of converting x-ray into visible light. “Early fluoroscopic procedures produced visual images of low intensity, which required the radiologist's eyes to be dark adapted and restricted image recording. In the late 1940s, with the rapid developments in electronics and borrowing the ideas from vacuum tube technology, scientists invented the x-ray image intensifier, which considerably brightened fluoroscopic images” (Wang & Blackburn, 2000, np). We will explore the image-intensification tube, the various gain parameters associated with the tube, and the magnification mode of the image intensifier.
Attenuation is the reduction in the total number of photons remaining in the beam after passing the thickness of the object. This is results of interaction of photons with the object and being absorbed or scattered. As the x-ray beam pass through the patient , the beam will attenuated , and also it depend on part thickness , If the thickness is increased the density of the image will reduced ( ↑ thickness ↑ attenuation ↓ density ). The attenuation is affected by the type of absorber which high atomic number material will have high attenuation (↑ atomic number ↑ attenuation), this is due to the electrons of material interact with the photons (bone high interact with the photons because it composed of calcium).
Before the discovery of X-rays in 1895, it was impossible to look inside human body, without causing harmful side effects. The famous quote of Anna Bertha Ludwig - “I have seen my death” is a testimony to this. In ancient times, the only way to study internal human organs was the dissection of dead bodies. Additionally, this was also subject to availability or religious beliefs. Leonardo da Vinci made 240 detailed sketches between 1510 and 1511, which were way ahead of their time. Unfortunately, it could not be published, except for a small amount in 1632. Images aide in visualization of illnesses (e.g. a malignant tumor), which are impossible to observe from outside of the body. A surgeon must know the various attributes of the tumor like location and size, before she can operate on it. Similarly an oncologist needs this information to decide the course of treatment e.g. tumor size and metabolic activity may be needed to determine the number of chemotherapy sessions. With images, all this information can be obtained without cutting open the patient. And what’s remarkable is that u...