Influenza, or the "flu," is an infection that is caused by the influenza virus. It is a virus that generally infects the olfactory organ, pharynx, and it can sometimes spread to the lungs (2007). Symptoms of influenza can be identified as acute fever, cough, chills, fatigue, body aching and, in young children, ear aches. Unlike the viruses that cause the common cold, the influenza virus can cause severe illnesses like pneumonia, especially in those who are very young or very old, or who have conditions such as cancer, heart disease, bronchial asthma and diabetes. Influenza can be spread by something as simple as an infected individual coughing or sneezing, through little droplets that go up to a meter (3 feet) and land on any nearby individuals …show more content…
These risk assessments include, pressure injury assessment, nutritional status, fluid balance charts, falls risks assessment, and double checking of the right medication. These are all a set of examinations that are done throughout every day of the patients stay and depending on the individual it may be assessed every 20-30 minutes or every other hour. For Mr Azikiwe, each of these assessments must be made throughout the day as his flu-like symptoms are worsening, he lacks energy and does not feel like eating. With his lack of energy and weakening body it may lead Mr Azikiwe to be dehydrated, malnourished and have pressure injury sores from lack of movement. Through the help of these risk assessments, it can be determined exactly where Mr Azikiwe is with his health and come up with possible ways to improve it. A pressure injury assessment would be crucial because at this age his skin is more prone to pressure sores, and due to his lack of energy, he will need to be checked on and turned at least every 2 hours. Other things that may reduce his chances of getting pressures injuries are by keeping the skin clean and dry, protecting the skin by applying talcum powder or cushioning at friction points. Due to the fact that Mr Azikiwe does not feel like eating much, his nutritional status and fluid balance will need to be assessed daily. By keeping track on these, it will help in achieving a healthy nutritional status and fluid balance chart so that he may regain his energy. In addition, because of Mr Azikiwe’s condition, a set of falls risks assessment must be made each time before leaving the room to ensure there is no chance of him accidentally falling in the absence of a nurse. Along with this, it is crucial that he receives
“I made money rapidly,” Charles Sligh explained, “The demands for flowers frequently were so great that all the florists in this community exhausted their supply daily, and the prices of everything were very high then.”1 Along with florists, funeral directors, and orderlies were also making a killing during World War One. “The undertaker which was half a block away from me had pine boxes on the sidewalk, pilled high. Me and two of my friends would go down there and play on those boxes; it was like playing on the pyramids.”2 Although business was booming for these professions, it was not because of the war. It was the result of an unexpected killer that swept across the world claiming victims at an unprecedented rate.
The Influenza virus is a unique respiratory viral disease that can have serious economic and social disruption to society. The virus is airborne transmitted through droplets release by coughing or sneezing from an infected person or by touching infected surfaces. Symptoms range from mild to severe and may even result in death. People with the virus usually experience fever, headache, shivering, muscle pain and cough, which can lead to more severe respiratory illness such as pneumonia. People most susceptible to the flu virus are elderly individuals and young children as well as anyone whose health or immune system has been compromise. The most effective way to counteract the influenza virus is to get the flu vaccine which is available by shots or nasal spray before the flu season as well as practicing safe hygiene. (CDC, 2013)
To achieve better result the management ready to make changes if necessary after analyzing the data collected during rounds. The fall chart need to be evaluated by the nurse leaders and managers by checking number of falls, any nearly miss errors, requirements of the patients’ needs and patient satisfaction survey. If there is no significant reduction in the fall, consider checking the process and revising the initiative. Coclusion Today’s healthcare is looking for quality improvement evidence-based program in order to enhance patient safety and quality outcomes.
Fig. 1. Fine epitope mapping of anti-H5 2A-scFvFc antibody. A. Flow cytometry profiles for immunoreactivity of single-clone HA1-M mutants displayed on the surface of yeast. Single point mutations that abolish yeast surface binding of anti-H5 2AscFvFc were analyzed and mapped to distinct regions of HA1. B. Schematic representation of the epitopes recognized by anti-H5 2AFc to HA1 on the yeast surface. Amino acid positions are designated in H5 numbering. A linear epitopes (aa 206-211) recognized by 2AFc is colored in red. The regions encompassing the receptor-binding domain are colored in cyan.
The epidemic began at around the end of the first World War and was the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. Some symptoms of the influenza include muscle pains, sore throat, headache, fever, glandular disturbances, eye aberrations, heart action slowing, and depression of all bodily functions and reactions. The flu is highly contagious and spreads easily whenever an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. This global disaster was nicknamed the “Spanish Flu,” or “La Grippe.” The nickname of the Spanish Flu came from one of the earliest countries to be hit hard by influenza: eight million people in Spain were killed in the May of 1918.
Influenza is a major public health problem which has outbreaks all over the world. Resulting in considerable sickness and death rates. Furthermore, it is a highly infectious airborne disease and is caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is transmitted easily from one person to another person, which has a great impact on society. When a member of society becomes sick, it is more prone to spread to other people.
Influenza is very contagious and spreads rapidly from person to person. Influenza causes worldwide yearly epidemics. According to World Health organization Influenza affects 5-15% world’s population and resulting in 500,000 deaths yearly. Ottenberg stated that, in United States, an average of 200,000 were hospitalized and 36,000 died each year from influenza complications. Influenza is the sixth leading cause of death among US adults and is related to 1 in 20 death in persons older than 65 years. Disease control and prevention estimates indicate that infections like H1N1 which is one of the types of influenza, have resulted in an estimated 42 to 86 million cases and 8520 to 17620 deaths. As I mentioned earlier that infections like influenza are very contagious, they can spread easily from hcw to Patient and back to hcw. The most efficient and effective method of preventing influenza infection is vaccination(The best way to prevent influenza is with annual vaccination).(Sullivan,2010) (Gregory,Tosh &Jacobson, 2005). Motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness Influenza may increase the risk for death in people with existing heart, lung, or circulation disorders. In fact, the higher than average number of winter deaths in people with heart disease may be due only to the occurrence of influenza during those months.Vaccination provides immunity to fight against infection.To increase resistance to harm by modifying the environment to minimize preventable illness (NEED TO CHANGE WORDING)
The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between twenty and forty million people. (1) Influenza is a virus that appeared in 1918 and caused a pandemic. It made an enormous impact that is still significant to the world today. It has pushed scientists to make advancements in the medicine and vaccination industry that continue to grow each and every day. Influenza may be a horrible thing, but without it we wouldn’t be where we are today.
Philadelphia was overcrowded with people. At the time it was also common of its war experiences. People were out looking for jobs. Boy Scouts were on a lookout to find rooms for incoming families. And sometimes even Two, Three, or Four families would crowd in a single or two room apartment with kids. Teens shared beds and laborers did too. During winter of 1917-1918 the death rates had gone up according to the Health Department. They offered social services that were very poor. It was known as the “Blockley” which was an asylum, hospital, and poorhouse. There was Charitable activities ran by the Social Elite. Even schools were short in supplies and there were no high schools until 1934. All this overcrowded population caused an infectious disease. The city government did not take responsibility for this crisis. Neither did Dr. Wilmer Krusen who was the director of the Department of public health. He didn’t have no rush and he always believed that problems disappeared on their own.
Influenza is one of the top viruses to cause fatalities each year, which make Influenza a great search topic for several reasons. For example, an individual will have a clear understanding of the virus which has worldwide effects. Also, a clear understanding of research and surveillance data conducted and collected by governmental agency, will be understood. One will grasp preventive or protective methods from what can end up becoming a deadly virus. One will comprehend governmental findings and investigations. The signs and symptoms will become more easily recognizable. Knowledge will be gained of treatments used to combat the virus to ensure little to no fatalities. Also, one can devise a plan that will have a worldwide impact, which ensures no further outbreaks occur. In sum, becoming knowledgeable about Influenza is a great asset to have.
Most of the infections seen today are from H. influenzae and it is the most clinically relevant (lecture 1, slide 30).
A common strain of the flu, H-3-N-2, has led to an epidemic across the country. The strain is becoming known as quick killer. While people still have the usual symptoms chills, fever, muscle pain, headache, dry cough, high temperature and loss of appetite. 1 Millions are becoming increasingly concerned about the risk of their health. ABC new tonight with David Muir reported on Tuesday January 16, 2018 of the recent death of a mother from San Jose, California. Katie Thomas was a mother of three and known to be joyful, vibrant, and even an active participant in marathons. However unlike the normal masses of people who catch the flu during the winter season, she unfortunately didn’t not recover from her illness. 48 hours after being diagnosed with the flu, the mother died from the influenza. This came as to a shock to her family and friends due to her being such a healthy person. Sadly this case was not the first one of the season. Last week a 4 year old, Jonah Reiben, also
Almost every age group is at higher risk for severe flu circumstances. Influenza virus is a kind of single-strain RNA virus with its membranes made of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), both of which are glycoproteins. The vast issue arising these days regarding the control of influenza disease is the development of resistance among the influenza viruses against existing anti-viral drugs that are being approved. Also, these antiviral drugs have a number of side effects. Riboswitches are present in the non-coding region of mRNA that sense changes in the cellular environment and directly mediate appropriate gene control responses. These riboswitches are primarily found in the 5’ untranslated regions of messenger RNAs. Riboswitch can
The swine influenza or swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs that is caused by the type A influenza viruses. These viruses are referred to as swine flu viruses but scientifically the main virus is called the swine triple reassortant (tr) H1N1 influenza virus. When the viruses infect humans they are called variant viruses. This infection has been caused in humans mainly by the H1N1v virus in the United States. The H1N1 virus originates in animals due to improper conditions and the food they ingest. The virus stays in latency form, thus harmless to the respective animal. The longer the animals survive the more likely the virus is to develop and strengthen making it immune to vaccines. The virus reproduced through the lytic cycle. The virus injects its own nucleic acids into a host cell and then they form a circle in the center of the cell. Rather than copying its own nucleic acids, the cell will copy the viral acids. The copies of viral acids then organize themselves as viruses inside of the cell. The membrane will eventually split leaving the viruses free to infect other cells.
In 1918-19 approximately 50 million deaths were a detriment of the Spanish H1N1 virus pandemic; a respiratory virus. According to the World Health Organization, the second Influenza A H1N1 pandemic in 2009 spread to more than 200 countries causing more than 18 000 deaths. Before the World Health Organization had announced the official end of the pandemic in August 2010, in July 2009 the World Health Organization sent out a phase 6 warning that H1N1 could soon be a global pandemic. It is important to recognize that the 2 different outbreaks had different A/H1N1strains effecting the world population; this suggests A/H1N1has a high ability for mutation, severely complicating the human body’s natural immune mechanism of antigenic drift. (Qi-Shi Du et al., 2010)