Individual Counseling Theories are varied. In this paper we will examine three of the most prominent counseling theories, their concepts, techniques, strengths and limitations. We will begin with the Adlerian Theory first followed by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. At the end we will finish with Solution Focused Brief Theory. All three theories have their strengths and limitations but can be and usually are combined or used together to some extent to better serve the client. One theory might examine the client’s background and underlying cause for the complaints, while the other might focus on the present and how to solve the problems in a shorter period of time. Adlerian Theory Key Concepts Adlerian Theory employs a holistic approach to understanding the individual. Adler provides us with an all-encompassing view of the human being, who is a primarily conscious, rather than unconscious creature. Adlerians believe that the most important life problems are social and therefore, the individual must be considered within the social context. Adlerian Theory’s view of human nature is that we are unique individuals and that we are not victims of biology or circumstance. We are in control of our own destiny and can choose to make changes in our goals and behaviors if we so desire. One of the beliefs is that our unconscious goals determine the direction of our lives and we must analyze them and bring them to conscious awareness to be able to change them. Adlerian Theory also believes that the first five years of life have great influence in developing our own unique style of life and future development. And even though biological and physiological factors do have an impact on our lives, these factors are less important than h... ... middle of paper ... ...tiple theories in your reflection. Add a concluding paragraph to your paper. You do not need to title it Conclusion. References Selignman, L. & Reichenberg, L. W. (2014). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy Systems, Strategies, and Skills (4th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Alfred Adler: Theory and Application (2014). Retrieved May 9, 20014, from http://www.alfredadler.edu/about/theory Who was Alfred Adler (2014). Retrieved May 9, 20014, from http://www.alfredadler.org/alfred-adler Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (2014). Retrieved May 9, 20014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy What is CBT? (2014). Retrieved May 9, 20014, from http://nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm Solution Focused Brief Therapy (2014). Retrieved May 9, 20014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_focused_brief_therapy
With a nod to a psychodynamic approach that recognizes the influence of past events—and more importantly, how those events are interpreted—Adlerian theory postulates that most problems are social in nature, with the dynamic among the family being one of the
Alfred Adler was born in 1870. He published his first major psychology book, Understanding Human Nature, in 1959. Alder has a passionate concern for the common person and he was very outspoken about child-rearing practices, school reforms, and prejudices that resulted in conflict. Alder created 32 child guidance clinics in the Vienna public schools and began training teachers, social workers, physicians, and other professionals. Alder believes that where we are striving to go is more important than where we have come from. He saw humans as both the c...
McLeod, J. and McLeod, J. (2011) Counselling skills: A practical guide for counsellors and helping professionals, 2nd editions, New York: McGraw Hill
Even though conventionally grown foods are cheaper it is worthwhile to invest into buying organic foods because they are healthier. It has been proven that many organic foods dramatically reduce pesticide levels, lower cholesterol, and create a healthy environment. In addition, feeding the livestock with natural foods is more humane and allows the animals to avoid constant antibiotic injections. Organic foods are not only safer for our immune system but also better for the environment.
Stein, H. T. (n.d.). The Five Phases of Classical AdlerianFamily Assessment and Therapy. The Five Phases of Classical Adlerian Child Family Assessment and Therapy. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://www.adlerian.us/fam-sta.htm
Currently, there is a global demand emerging for organic products specifically a huge consumer demand in the United States and Europe. The United States ranks fourth in organically farmed land globally, and sales of organic food have increased by almost a factor of six, from $3.6 billion in 1997 to $21.1 billion in 2008 (Reganold, Andrews, Reeve, Carpenter-Boggs, Schadt, Alldredge, Ross, Davies, Zhou, 2010). In the United States, organic farming has gained much popularity in the farm sector, mainly due to the new wave or generally recognized as healthy food products (Uematsu, Mishra, 2012).
This essay will attempt to highlight and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the three main theories of counselling within the module covered this term. The three approaches in discussion are psychodynamics, cognitive behavioural and humanistic.
Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (9th Edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
Organic food is generally not much healthier than regular fruits and such nutrition wise with a few exceptions. “Higher vitamin C concentrations were found in organic leafy vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, and chard versus the same conventionally produced vegetables in 21 of 36 (58%) studies”( Foreman). Also mentioned is that organic and nonorganic milk is not much different as “In general, milk has the same protein, vitamin, trace mineral content, and lipids from both organically and conventionally reared cows.”( Foreman).Despite the exception, it has been stated that the exception does not have strong enough evidence that can let a statement such as “eating organic food is more beneficial than eating conventionally grown food” stand on its own and be taken seriously. Another unfortunate circumstance on organic food is the price. On average, anything organic is priced higher than non-organic food, and according to Digestive Specialists Inc., it “…costs anywhere from 20 to 100 percent more than regular produce” (Digestive Specialists). The higher price leaves any financially struggling person or family less likely to invest in organic food when there is always a cheaper option available, even if the cheaper product isn’t beneficial to their health. The reason for this, mentioned by Health Research Funding,“…Organic farmers do not use artificial fertilizers, they tend to produce smaller quantities. Their method of farming is also more labor-intensive with weed pulling and crop rotation. And then there is the issue of supply and demand – as the demand for organic produce increases, so does the price” (Health Research Funding). The quality of organic fruits, while being mostly free of pesticides and chemicals, can also have a lot less time to deteriorate compared to non-organic foods. To summarize the issue, Mayo Clinic states that, “Because organic fruits and vegetables aren 't
. In Alfred Adler’s theory he believed that everyone has a style of life: unique behaviors and characteristics. He listed the four styles as “dominant,” a ruling attitude; “getting,” the most dependent behavior; “avoiding,” meaning one does not face problems; and the most well-rounded: “socially useful.” He determined that our style of life is determined by our social experiences and our major social experiences are in our own home, depending on when you were born within your family.
Adler’s theory holds that conscious aspects of behavior are central to the development of personality. A major tenet of the theory is that individuals strive to become successful, the best that they can be. This theory places a lot of emphasis on the birth order. It is believed that birth order is not just the simple biological ordinal position; born first, second, third. To the contrary it is a second system of birth order of youngest child, oldest child, middle child, determining an individual’s psychological position. He believed
Corey, G. (2011). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. (ninth ed., pp. 291-301). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Alfred Adler directed his attention to searching for immediate results to the issues of the patient. The assumption of Adler’s individual psychology is that social factors and goals for the future are the motivating factors in human behavior. It was Adler’s position that people needed to have a sense or a feeling of belonging and that belonging was tied to their social ties (Ferguson, 2010). Individual psychology also makes the assumption that individuals are conscious of their thoughts and feelings and are personally responsible for how they respond or behave in a given situation (Overholser, 2013). Alfred Adler contributions to the theory of personality centered on the importance of society. Adler felt that as humans, individuals are all connected together and through that
Life is said to be divided into two dominant salient phases in many cultures: in the first phase, from childhood to middle adulthood, we are becoming individuals, gaining knowledge about traditions and values of cultures and learning the ways of the world and maintaining ourselves in the demands of family, work, and society. In the second phase, which begins as Jung declared, with the midlife crisis, we begin spinning inward, reconnecting with the center of our being identifying ourselves as unique and approachable personality . In the first phase we build and develop our ego and in the second phase we transcend and surrender it (Metzner, 1998).
Alfred Adler was the innovative creator of Individual Psychology. During his childhood, Adler experienced a lot of sicknesses and illnesses that prevented him from experiencing life the way he wanted. Individual Psychology was inspired by Adler’s childhood, life experiences and his own accounts of feeling inferior. Adler was the second child out of seven. Adler felt like he was overshadowed by his oldest brother, Sigmund. Adler mainly viewed people holistically. He mentioned that individuals are unique, creative; goals oriented, and are responsible for their own destiny. “Individual Psychology is a growth model that emphasizes the holistic, phenomenological, and theological aspects of human functioning” (Leak & Leak, 2006). Adler knew that an individual’s genetics or what a person is born into doesn’t create personality; instead, it is the decisions and choices they make that matters and that the individual is not driven by its instincts. He also emphasized the importance of individual social interactions. Society plays an important role in an individual’s life because people like our family, help us stay alive (survive) due to our inferiority. Since we are born inferior the individuals strive to become superior or in other words become perfect.