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Dorothy lee individual autonomy and social structure clif notes
Dorothy lee individual autonomy and social structure clif notes
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Dorothy Lee is the author of “Individual Autonomy and Social Structure”, in which she aims to takes a close look at what individual autonomy is, through examples of it in different societies and their use of it. Lee argues that there is an absence of individual autonomy in American Society and that society is organized in a way that directly contradicts its concept of individual autonomy. This essay will use the example Lee gives of society in the Navaho tribe, with emphasis on how they raise children, in order to explain individual autonomy. In her article, Lee said individual autonomy is “individual freedom or the opportunity for spontaneous functioning” (Lee 1956). Meaning that it is the free will for one to make individual choices. Lee believes that it is not easy to have real individual autonomy in modernized societies, because it is made out of diverse individuals and social norms. Lee also suggests that to those in this society, there is a common belief that if there was too great an …show more content…
When a baby is born, it is immediately regarded as its own person, not as someone who is under the control of their parents. A Navaho parent would never talk for or on behalf of their children. This is due to the fact that they believe that they cannot just assume what their child is thinking as an individual. They also would never order their child around, but just explain the positive and negative outcomes of the choices they make. Even if a mistake is made, parents will not criticize or pass judgement on their children. They allow their child, as their own person, to learn from whatever consequences may arise, and to reflect upon if their decision was the right one. Simply just having the right to make your own choices is not the only aspect of what individual autonomy is, it is also being the only one responsible for the choices one
Autonomy is the basis of authenticity allowing individuals the ability to make choices that directly reflect their own values. The application of these values to one's decisions can result in both positive and negative outcomes. Hedonism claims that happiness is the only thing that carries value to life. All other things (e.g. autonomy) work in accordance to improve our lives only to the extent that they make one happier (Shafer-Landau 39).
What autonomy does is it helps stimulates an atmosphere of self-improvement in a community rather than people being dependent on others. Besides not using people as mere means O’Neill believes in helping develop others’ ends so that they can be independent.
Lee uses the example of a Navaho mother to show the personal autonomy of a child. In this example the baby walks around the house without the mother keeping an eye on it. Although knowing that the baby could get hurt by the knife or the fire, she does not put away the sharp object, nor does she keeps the baby away from the fire. Lee considers that “for Navaho mothers, personal autonomy means that her child has the freedom to make his own mistakes, to suffer pain or grief or joy and learn from the experience” (Lee, 1959, p. 13). The mother takes the chance to leave her baby to explore on his or her own, knowing that it could harm the c...
In “Autonomy and Benevolent Lies” Thomas Hill presents the case of benevolent lies and if they are morally troublesome. Philosophers have been debating the moral difference between a malicious lie, told in order to hurt people, and a benevolent lie. According to Hill benevolent lies are “intended to benefit the person deceived, for no ulterior motives, and they actually succeed in giving comfort without causing main” (Thomas E. Hill). Many argue that benevolent lies are no different from a malicious lie because telling a lie is morally wrong. Others argue benevolent lies and malicious lies differ because of the deliberate intentions. Hill provides the reader with three cases of a benevolent lies. The three cases he presents are the possible suicide of a student which a Professor lies to the student’s mother, the
The history of Indian Child Welfare Act derived from the need to address the problems with the removal of Indian children from their communities. Native American tribes identified the problem of Native American children being raised by non-native families when there were alarming numbers of children being removed from their h...
Should humans be autonomous or responsible? In other words, should they follow the convictions of their own hearts or surrender their ideals to another power presumed to be superior in its wisdom? This dilemma between autonomy and responsibility presents itself constantly. The struggles over abortion, euthanasia, and drug legalization are perfect examples. In each of these cases, individuals are either pushing for stronger individual rights (the freedom to make decisions regarding their own lives) or a stronger stance on the behalf of their government (to legally prevent individuals from making bad decisions).
his own life how he wishes, even if it will damage health or lead to
Individualism in today’s society is the “belief that each person is unique, special, and a ‘basic unit of nature’.” The individualism concept puts an “emphasis on individual initiative” where people act independently of others and use self-motivation to prosper. The individualists “value privacy” over community the individual thrives to move ahead in life (U S Values).
arrives at this by an account of human nature which suggest that autonomy arises because
Hypothesis: “We hypothesize that the performance of individual members in such situations is likely to be highest when the members hold both individualist and collectivist orientations toward their work” (Hollenbeck, Humphrey, Meyer, Wagner, 2012, pg. 947).
“We believe in personal choice, rather than society dictating how we must live our lives.”- Mike Peters. In the book The Giver by Lois Lowry, the citizens in the community live without choice, meaning they have no control over their own lives. Because of that they do not suffer the consequences for any choice but they do not get to experience freedom. Lois Lowry is saying, the importance of personal choice can change a person's emotions, helps people’s abilities to be independent and affects the freedom which allows a person to pursue what they want in life and to make their own decisions for their future. A person’s emotions can change because they do not know what to feel since all their decisions are made for them, being able to choose
For many centuries there has been arguments between whether a society should be collective or individualistic. In an individualistic society, the idea is that the individual's life belongs to him and he has the right to pursue what he wishes. In a collective society, the individual's life belongs to the group and the individual must sacrifice the values they hold for the “greater good” of the group. The main question asked in this debate is whether an individual's life belongs to him or does it belong to the group. By working as individuals, a society is able to achieve more than a group and can enjoy more benefits and therefore should be individualistic.
In describing the ideas of Lindeman, Heaney (1996) and Wilson (1992) point out the complexity of the relationship between individuals and society. For Lindeman, individual growth and development take place within the social context, and changed individuals will have the collective effect of changing society. But Wilson states that it is unclear just how the social order is thereby changed. Others suggest that groups and communities, not individuals, create social change (Horton 1989), that personal autonomy can be achieved only through collective action (Welton 1993), and that the fully developed individual is the consummation of the fully developed society. Ilsley (1992) argues that, although equality in the United States has been defined in terms of individual opportunity, liberty and justice do not arise from individualism.
On chapter 4 on the textbook, the author explains, “culture provides a member of a society with a common bond, a sense that we see certain facets of society in similar ways. We are living together at all depends on the fact that members of a society share a certain amount of cultural knowledge (Ch4, 132). Individualism and collectivism contribute greatly to the dimension of culture. For example, how many members of the culture define themselves apart from their group memberships. In individualist cultures, people are expected to develop and display their individual personalities and to choose their own affiliations. In collectivist cultures, people are defined and act mostly as a member of a long-term group, such as the family, a religious group, an age cohort, a town, or a profession, among others. This dimension was found to move towards the individualist end of the spectrum with increasing
I agree with the goal of autonomy, that philosophy is having the freedom to make your own decisions and beliefs by using your own reasoning capabilities. I believe that we all have the God-like quality of reasoning ...