Indigenous People and Tourism: Australia and New Zealand
Defining Indigenous
Indigenous tourism focuses on individuals who believe the rights to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their culture and traditions. The activities used to define an Indigenous tourism visitors are experiencing Aboriginal art, craft and cultural displays and visiting an Aboriginal site or community. Indigenous tourism attracts Interstate, International and domestic tourist.
Cultural History
The Indigenous cultures of Australia is the oldest living cultural history in the world, which goes back 50,000 – 65,000 years (Australia,2016). Australian aboriginals gives Indigenous people the chance to keep their cultural heritage alive by passing
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“Australia’s Indigenous people celebrate and share their culture at many colourful traditional and contemporary festivals throughout the year” (Australia.com) Indigenous communities all around Australia celebrate and share their culture at many colourful festivals. However New Zealand offers an insight into Maori village life. Guest learn about Maori culture and its traditional customs and relationship to its geothermal valley setting. 1.3% Interstate travellers visited Australia, while 24% National travellers visited Australia and participated in Indigenous tourism. One similar aspect to both of the cultures is they use the same method to derive their residents populations.
Economic Sustainability
The Australian industry provides consumers high market insights and an economic analysis. An understanding of the Indigenous community needs drivers for consumer segments to give the greatest return on an investment. Indigenous people were likely to live in remote or high remote areas for better employment (22.1% compared with 1.8%), while seven out of ten non-Indigenous people (71.9%) lived in major cities
The New Zealand industry is now dominated by the private sector and includes numerous international companies. It also includes an increasing proportion of small forest growers. A key part of the forests in the New Zealand Indigenous environment is to help protect the many values of
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Socio Cultural Sustainability
Both cultures governments are finding was to respect the Indigenous culture, by providing funding that supports the Indigenous languages, visual arts and culture.
Australia’s government laws are responsible for the protection of the Australia’s Indigenous heritage places. All states and territories have laws that protect various types of Indigenous heritage.
New Zealand government laws well-established for social structures, This included rules relating to trade and land rights, family relationships, protection of the environment, and conflict resolution.
Both Australia and New Zealand have different values, laws, institutional frameworks and cultural traditions. Although it is important that all Indigenous traditions and values can be recognised.
Sources
The two forms of traditional Aboriginal law were ‘sacred’ and ‘secular’ laws. Sacred laws were entrusted to the elders, teaching Aboriginal customs, acceptable behaviour, and adequate use of the land. Secular laws focused on the responsibilities of individuals. There were also ‘secret’ laws and different people...
The indigenous Australian culture is one of the world’s oldest living cultures. Despite the negligence and the misunderstanding from the Europeans, Aboriginals were able to keep their culture alive by passing their knowledge by arts, rituals, performances and stories from one generation to another. Each tribe has its own language and way of using certain tools; however the sharing of knowledge with other tribes helps them survive with a bit easier with the usage of efficient yet primitive tools which helps a culture stay alive. Speaking and teaching the language as well as the protection of sacred sites and objects helps the culture stay...
In order to determine if the Adnyamathanha’s native title claim is valid, they must demonstrate that they have “maintained Aboriginal law and customs on that land” and that “no other titles allowing ownership of that land [have] extinguished…the native title” . This criteria is based on the decision in Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 (“Mabo [No 2]”) , and supported in The Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 141 ALR 129 (“Wik”) and Western Australia v Ward (2002) 191 ALR 1 (“Ward”) . A successful claim is also dependent on the specific South Australian legislation that provides protection to both pastoral leases in the Adnyamathanha’s area of claim – that is, the Land Act 1888 (SA) . If it can be proven that the Goldberg
Australia’s Indigenous people are thought to have reached the continent between 60 000 and 80 000 years ago. Over the thousands of years since then, a complex customary legal system have developed, strongly linked to the notion of kinship and based on oral tradition. The indigenous people were not seen as have a political culture or system for law. They were denied the access to basic human right e.g., the right to land ownership. Their cultural values of indigenous people became lost. They lost their traditional lifestyle and became disconnected socially. This means that they were unable to pass down their heritage and also were disconnected from the new occupants of the land.
But familiar landmarks and also the unfamiliar ones aren't the whole make-up of Australia's heritage. It's the people that make a difference. Australia is made up of people from all walks of life who have migrated here for different reasons. Among these, the most common migrants are from Greece, Italy, Russia and Asia. Australia is made up of material culture: the places and objects, but also Living culture: In forms such as Music, Crafts, Literature etc. It is an interplay between international cultures and beliefs, the claims of nationalism and ethnic and religious traditions, as well as the local and community priorities that’s make up the unique Australian heritage.
The Indigenous communities of Australia are represented in mainstream print media through a variety of different perspectives, but most often negatively. The indigenous face hardships every day due to racism from the wider community, through 'demeaning welfare payments' and little funding from the government. Aboriginals are also viewed through many negative stereotypes which reflect badly on their community. Their culture is not fully understood and appreciated by Australians and it is not being shown accurately in mainstream media.
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have been the first nations, which represented the whole Australian population, for centuries. However, the continuous European colonization has severely affected these peoples and, over the decades, their unique values and cultures, which enriched the life of Australian nation and communities, were not respected and discriminated by numerous restrictive policies. As a result, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have turned into the voiceless minority of the Australian population. Fortunately, in recent years, these issues became the concern of the Australian government, promoting a slight improvement in the well being of native Australians. Nowadays, there are numerous social work
Australian culture is a society made up of many cultural groups that have a large range of different lifestyles and patterns. This type of behavior
Australian culture really shows the meaning and the true colors of what this country is about. The Australian people, which main language is English, also have many other languages that can be found in that region. For instance, some common spoken languages are Italian and Chinese. Although Australian residences speak English, they put their own twist on words. For example, the term “lolly water” (Smith) is simply another name
The gold rush of the 1850s, created a fear of xenophobia and miscegenation. The riots that followed led to the creation of laws that were restrictive hindering the importation of labour from countries such as China. However, with continued interaction with people from other countries, the locals have come to see the necessity of immigration. Formation of the federation back in 1901 accompanied the implementation of a national policy that has been responsible for Australia’s cultural development. The enactment of the immigration restriction act which was considered a white Australian policy was purposely meant to help fight the perception Australians had towards immigrants, particularly from Asia (Cronin & Mayall, 1998). There has been continued debates as regards the definition of who a true Australian. Although a lot of the indigenous communities, particularly of aboriginal and Asian descent are still facing some element of alienation, there have been efforts from both the locals and the authority to encourage acceptance of this members of the community. New Zealand, being a close neighbour of Australia has contributed significantly towards shaping Australia’s culture through social interactions such as sports. These two countries have a close cultural relationship as a result of migration
Cheyne, C., O’Brien, M., Belgrave, M. (2008). Social Policy: In Aotearoa New Zealand (4th ed). Australia and New Zealand: Oxford University Press
Which I have grown up learning about in my own schooling. I believe that the Māori culture, beliefs and values are just as important as my
This may be due to a predominant Christian population in our post-colonial history, leading to perceive our heritage and values to have derived from that of the British Christian church. Perhaps it’s easier to value, what one understands. Those who governed Australia during the colonization were from a British Christian background and thus this religion has been passed down generations. However Australia’s true heritage and original history began long before the colonialization. The Dreamtime legends which form the basis of Indigenous religion and culture have been practiced on Australian soil for more than 65000 years. The disregard for the indigenous sacred sites and how they, “Weren’t given the opportunity to voice our concerns at the end of the day,” shows a lack of respect when the concern isn’t held by the majority or more specifically, isn’t held by those in power and creates a society with a racial or unequal dynamic. For this reason, Indigenous leaders need to be represented in the government and groups forming heritage and conservation
There are several inconsistencies between the aboriginal law and the australian law, for e.g. if a person commits a crime governed under the australian law then in that case he will be liable to punishment but if an aboriginal person violates both the customary law and australian law then in that case he will be liable to be punished under both laws or in effect getting double punishment for a sin...
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) can be broadly defined as the knowledge and skills that an indigenous (local) community accumulates over generations of living in a particular environment. IK is unique to given cultures, localities and societies and is acquired through daily experience. It is embedded in community practices, institutions, relationships and rituals. Because IK is based on, and is deeply embedded in local experience and historic reality, it is therefore unique to that specific culture; it also plays an important role in defining the identity of the community. Similarly, since IK has developed over the centuries of experimentation on how to adapt to local conditions. That is Indigenous ways of knowing informs their ways of being. Accordingly IK is integrated and driven from multiple sources; traditional teachings, empirical observations and revelations handed down generations. Under IK, language, gestures and cultural codes are in harmony. Similarly, language, symbols and family structure are interrelated. For example, First Nation had a