In the article “In Defense of Intellectual Diversity,” author David Horowitz argues against condemnation of his Academic Bill of Rights, a paper that emphasizes the importance of academic freedom. Horowitz argues to those who have criticized the bill, and starts out by appealing to ethos by stating that despite his conservative beliefs, he simply wants there to be no conservative or liberal political bias in academics. With an impartial viewpoint established, he then primarily uses logos to break down why several criticisms of the bill are false and then finishes with a story appealing to pathos that shows why intellectual diversity needs to be protected. For example, Horowitz writes, “critics have suggested that the Academic Bill of Rights is really a "right-wing plot" to stack faculties with political conservatives…Nothing could be further from the truth. The actual intent of the Academic Bill of Rights is to remove partisan politics from the classroom.” Horowitz faces a difficult dilemma as he is well-known for being a conservative. It is necessary that Horowitz writes this to show that he doesn’t have a political agenda behind his stances. Without this, his writings would have little credibility as they would be more viewed as political propaganda rather than …show more content…
He started off by using ethos to show why his thoughts and opinion could be trusted. He then used logos to show why criticisms of the bill are false and why intellectual diversity must be protected. He then finished things off with a moving story to incite schools and universities to get behind him and adopt his bill of rights. With the combination of these three things, Horowitz makes his argument quite clear: Intellectual diversity must be protected by universites to ensure students are getting the best education
The Earth is one big ball that is full of mistakes and flaws. Many people take initiative and send out a message through their writings. The article In Praise of the F word, by Mary Sherry, reflects on the school system. Sherry utilizes her passionate tone, pathos, and personal experience to sway the reader to follow along in her beliefs. In Affirmative Action: The Price of Preference, by Shelby Steele, Steele preys on readers by using ethos, pathos, and a sturdy tone to appeal to her readers. Though both writers present valid arguments and interest, as a reader, I believe that Steele’s argument was stronger within her essay.
While it is more directed towards supporters of AA to convince them of his own standpoint, it is also intended for a general audience. He begins his argument with a statement, “Like the majority of my graduating class, I am applying to college. I am also white (Connolly).” Immediately, one can predict bias in the article. The fact that the author is white is problematic because he has not faced the same discrimination that the minorities of which AA is supposed to benefit have faced. Therefore, his judgement of AA would be clouded by his white-centered perspective. In forming his argument, he proposes a question, “Now imagine that another student, a minority who is perhaps slightly less qualified, is given your place simply because of race. Is this fair? No (Connolly).” In this passage, he uses pathos for the reader to sympathize with him, attempting to place them in his shoes to see more through his perspective. However, he does not present factual information or hard evidence. Rather than addressing the actual debate for AA, he bases his claim on his own opinions and feelings, which does little to strengthen his argument. He also states, “After all, those who currently benefit from rectifying society's oppression of
The essay, “Diversity: The Value of Discomfort” is an argument written by Ronald L Leibowitz in which he addresses a group of graduates about the value of diversity in college. To me, diversity means the unique backgrounds which influence people’s thoughts, ideas, and opinions. Each of the factors in an individual’s background makes them unique, and creates an important facet of our communities. However, we need to recognize and understand diversity, and simply “celebrating” it is not enough—we must embrace it in our colleges, workplaces, neighborhoods, and larger societies.
Charles R. Lawrence intended audience in his article “On Racist Speech” is college students and universities. His sense of tone is forthcoming. Lawerence word choice sets the tone by using the words conspicuous,dissenter, and bigot. The article gives examples of how universities do not protect minority college students. Lawrence states that universities should protect their students He also gives an example of how universities have tried to have rules to ban racist speech yet they have proven ineffective in stopping racial slurs. The regulations have not stopped the verbal brutality yet it has stopped the occurrences of physical fights. He mentions how students do not have any need to be hurt verbally.
Upon further analysis of Expelled: No Intelligence allowed, we can see that the documentary is tied up in fallacies of ethos, pathos and logos, misrepresentation of facts, and the deviation from the main theme of the documentary. With this in mind, Ben Stein fails to persuade the active viewing audience, but succeeds in persuading the inactive viewing audience. The inactive viewing audience will be convinced from Stein’s use of appeal to ethos, pathos and logos, and will overlook the fallacies in the documentary. Stein uses appeals that are rooted in fallacy, incredible information, and misguided reasons to persuade us of this. Stein wants us to raise our voices to bring down the wall between academic freedom, but we must look at his motives and reasons he takes to instill us with these notions.
Because it is very credible, emotionally appealing, and slightly academically based, bell hooks's essay "Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education" is an essay that I consider to be very touching. While arguing in her essay that the rich class and the working-class should come to respect and understand each other, bell hooks employs three elements of argument: ethos, pathos, and logos. With her usage of ethos, hooks relates her experience as an undergraduate at Stanford. Providing an experience from a time before she went to Stanford, hooks uses pathos to inspire the audience. However, hooks uses logos by appealing to the readers' logic. These readers are the working-class and the privileged, the audience of her book: "Ain't I a Woman: black women and feminism." Relying mostly on ethos, hooks uses the three elements of argument to express her belief that students should not feel the pressure to replace their values with others' values. Because hooks feels strongly about her belief, she argues that a university should help students maintain the connection with their values, so people of different communities will feel neither inferior nor superior to others but equal.
In the editorial “Coddling of the American Mind,” Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt examine the political correctness on college campuses and how it may be hurting students’ mental health. They explain by allowing campuses to discuss words, ideas, and subjects that can cause discomfort or give offense can provide positive attributes like helping students to produce better arguments and more productive discussions over differences. Does Lukianoff and Haidt provide sufficient evidence about how college campuses should raise attention about the need to balance freedom of speech to help students in their future and education to lead the reader to agree with their argument? The answer is yes,
How the judicial branch rules in cases relating to the 1st and how they relate that to all the rights of public school students. This includes anything from flag burning to not saluting the flag to practicing religion in school. The main point of this paper is to focus on the fact that schools have a greater ability to restrict speech than government.
[4] Hickok, Eugene Jr., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1991
Free speech at public universities and colleges is the most clear and the most contradictory of constitutional pr...
Staver, Mathew D. "Allowing Religious Expression in School Protects Students' Rights." Students' Rights. Ed. Jamuna Carroll. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "New Federal Guidelines a Real Blessing for Public Schools." Liberator Mar. 2003: 1-4. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
Price, Janet, Alan Levine, and Eve Cary. The Rights of Students. Carbondale, Il.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.
“There is exactly one sentence about why schools should want to discriminate… It reads, ‘When the state’s most elite universities are less diverse, [a school official] said, it doesn’t provide our students with a level of diversity they need in order to learn about other cultures and other communities’…And that’s supposed to outweigh all these costs of discrimination; It is personally unfair, passes over better qualified students, and sets a disturbing legal, political, and moral precedent in allowing racial discrimination.”
The world is currently undergoing a cultural change, and we live in an increasingly diverse society. This change is not only affect the people in the community but also affect the way education is viewed. Teaching diversity in the classroom and focusing multicultural activities in the programs can help improve positive social behavior in children. There is no question that the education must be prepared to embrace the diversity and to teach an increasingly diverse population of young children.
Diversity is a value that shows respect for the differences and similarities of age, sex, culture, ethnicity, beliefs and much more. Having a diverse organization, helps notice the value in other people and also how to teach respect to people that might not know how. The world is filled with different cultures and people that might believe in different things as you, but that doesn’t mean you need to treat them any different. It is imperative for people to grasp diversity because it’ll help people how to engage with others in a respectful yet a hospitable way.