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Essay on indigenous" religions
Aboriginal history and culture
Essay on indigenous" religions
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European history is well documented. It has also been passed down through the generations via songs, stories, ceremonies and media. To the initial European mind, the Australian Indigenous people had no history, as there was little or no evidence in the form of written documents. Therefore, any historical claims were deemed invalid so as J D Woods writes, “Without a history they have no past”. The Australian Indigenous people had no means or need to document and record their history as they constantly relive their creation through songs, dances, stories, ceremonies and rituals, initiations and rites of passage this is known in English as The Dreaming. The ceremonies recreate the Dreaming to explain and teach the laws passed down from the ancestor spirits or beings. Following Woods comment “without a religion they have no hope” the European settlers claimed the religion of the Australian Indigenous people to be invalid due to lack of written material evidence and no real shrines or buildings to indicate a place of worship. The Dreaming is the best explanation of Australian Indigenous...
According to Lambert (2012. pg13) Torres Islanders and Aboriginals ownership of land were classified ‘‘outside the “advanced” nations of Europe” as Aboriginals and Torres Islanders used land for “sustainability, cultural and spiritual terms”. (Lambert 2012 pg.13) Lambert suggests “affinity to the land was not recognised by Europeans because it did not conform to the manner and procedure of land ownership recording in Europe”. Jeff Lambert debates that Aboriginals lived in Australia before the European settlers.
Religion is the way a group of individuals freely choose to follow some or all set rules of a certain faith in accordance with the set shared values. People follow different religions for different reasons some are born into a religion and some choose there own religion. According to source 1, the way the Murri people prepare for Christmas is in a hybrid fashion blending Aboriginal culture and spirituality with Christian beliefs in a way that represents their Christian faith while representing their unique ancestry.22.5 % of indigenous Australians are Catholic and another 21.5% are of Anglican faith.
Aboriginal health is majorly determined by several social factors that are related to their cultural beliefs. Health professionals regularly find it difficult to provide health care to aboriginal people due to the cultural disparity that exists between the conventional and aboriginal cultures, predominantly with regard to systems of health belief (Carson, Dunbar, & Chenhall, 2007). The discrepancy between the aboriginal culture and typical Western customs seems to amplify the difficulties experienced in every cross-cultural setting of health service delivery (Selin & Shapiro, 2003). Most of the social determinants of the aboriginal health are due to their strict belief in superstition and divine intervention.
In the nineteenth century, the “History wars” became the fight between the most prominent historians revolving around the deception of frontier conflict between the labor and coalition. The debate aroused from the different interpretations of the violence that took place during the European colonization and to what degree. It became a crisis in history, emerging from the dispossession of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) that resulted in exclusion of their traditions and culture. The ATSI were the first people of Australia that brought along a different culture, language, kinship structures and a different way of life (Face the Facts, 2012). Post European colonization was a time where the ATSI people experienced disadvantage in the land they called home. With the paramount role as future educators, it demands proficient knowledge on the Australian history and one of the most influential moments in our history started from the first European settlers.
Aboriginal spirituality originally derives from the stories of the dreaming. The dreaming is the knowledge and a sense of belonging that the Aboriginals had of the beginning of life and the relationship to the land and sea (Australian Museum, 2011). The dreaming stories are passed on from one generation to the next orally. These stories teach the following generations how to behave towards the land and other people. The dreaming stories give them a sense of duty to protect the land and appreciate it because the dreamtime stories indicate that the spirits have not died but are still alive in different forms as animals or humans, therefore the ancestor’s power is still felt through the landforms (Clark, 1963), (Australian Governement, 2008)
This paper intends to argue that one particular element of colonisation for Indigenous communities in Australia – Christianity – was a more positive force for Torres Strait Islanders than for Aboriginal peoples.
Australia’s Indigenous people are thought to have reached the continent between 60 000 and 80 000 years ago. Over the thousands of years since then, a complex customary legal system have developed, strongly linked to the notion of kinship and based on oral tradition. The indigenous people were not seen as have a political culture or system for law. They were denied the access to basic human right e.g., the right to land ownership. Their cultural values of indigenous people became lost. They lost their traditional lifestyle and became disconnected socially. This means that they were unable to pass down their heritage and also were disconnected from the new occupants of the land.
“It might help if we non-Aboriginal Australians imagined ourselves dispossessed of the land we lived on for 50,000 years, and then imagined ourselves told that it had never been ours. Imagine if ours was the oldest culture in the world and we were told that it was worthless.” (Keating, 1993)
The first Europeans to settle Australia treated the Aboriginals in a brutal, unfair manor. They downgraded Aboriginals to a lower status as human beings. They tried to force the Aboriginals to conform to the western way of life for more than 200 years. It is only fairly recently that the Aboriginals have finally been able to gain back some of their indigenous rights and traditions.
According to Keefe (1992:53) “Aboriginality is a complex social reality, only artificially explained by the abstract divisions of resistance and persistence’ and modern history demonstrates the connections between official education policies (or attitudes used by the dominant group) and key events in Aboriginal Australian history.
History continues to impact Aboriginal / Torres Strait islander people today. There has been some improvements over the years but not enough when compared to other Australians. They have the highest growth rate, birth rate, death rate, the worst health and housing and the lowest educational, occupational, economic, social & legal status of any identifiable section of the Australian
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were hunters and gatherers back to the time of the Dreaming. The concept of land ownership as it was not a part of their world view. The reason why, is because the land is the Aboriginal peoples ‘Mother’, who has supported and protected the people for many tens of thousands of years. To the indigenous peoples, arguing over who owns the land, was like two fleas arguing over who owns the kangaroo they were living on. The ‘Mother’ or land, was something that cannot be owned. If anything the ‘Mother’ owns the people, and the Aboriginal people are obligated to maintain the lands natural balance.
Australia is the largest island in the world and is the only country to occupy an entire island. Australia is also the smallest continent. When people think of Australia, they think about kangaroos and the outback (Lepthien 7). However, there is much more to learn about this unique country, including information about its geography, climate, government, people, plants, and animals.
The article mentions about the struggle for social justice by the indigenous Australians that have constituted challenges to the Australian state, including its welfare and community development practices. The Mabo judgement and resultant Native Title Act 1993 (Stephenson and Ratnapala, 1993; Goot and Rowse, 1994; Brennan, 1995) can be read as marking the success of indigenous groups in obtaining special status as a people within Australian constitutional and administrative systems. This paper briefly portrays the historical emergence of a prejudiced welfare state in Australia as well as more recent histories of community development within Aboriginal people. The early attempts to “civilise and Christianise” were unsuccessful as the indigenous
The intent of the Europeans was never that of cultural syncretism, they were under orders to treat the indigenous population kindly but their ultimate goal was always to make a nation of their own, and for them there was simply no place in that nation for the aboriginal people in the way that they were seen. Although the creation of Australia was beneficial for the millions and millions that have lived there since, the rapid and total spread of European culture did not have a place for the indigenous population. There were many attempts to introduce the aboriginals into European society, even if somewhat misguided, but the thriving nature of European culture in Australia warranted no need for them to take on any aboriginal culture. As a result traditional aboriginal culture was left to only the ones not forcibly introduced into the new society, in later years less still were left as the attractive promises that European life offered lured many to a dream of extravagance and wealth. In recent years attempts have been made for aboriginal welfare and some incorporation into Australia’s now very different culture, but still the continued disregard for aboriginal culture could be argued. Australia is now seen as a multicultural country and it is still seen that the incorporation of new foreign cultures is continuously prioritised over learning from the traditional owners of the land and incorporating the most Australian culture there could be. The long term effect of the aboriginals losing their image and culture to the expanding Australian culture has been happening since the arrival of the first fleet and will most likely will still happen as the extravagant culture of Australia continues to become more and more