Let it be resolved that in William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, Lear is not in his right mind from the beginning of the play. Being in the “right mind”, signifies being in a state/position which is level-headed, with the ability to make sensible decisions, and abide by personal morals and values.
King Lear's test of love to his daughters proves that he values appearance above reality. The result of his impulsiveness is the banishment of Cordelia; whose virtuous nature is shown through her reply to the King. “Good my lord,/You have begot me, bred me, loved me; I/Return those duties back as are right fit,/Obey you, love you, and most honour you/Why have my sisters husbands, if they say/They love you all? Happily, when I shall wed,/That lord
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whose hand must take plight shall carry/Half my love with him, half my care and duty./Sure I shall never marry like my sisters,/To love my father all" (Shakespeare,1.1.98-106). Cordelia acknowledges and respects her father’s love as well as the upbringing he has provided her with, but finds it wrong to only love him. She deems that her sisters declarations of love must not be truthful as they also have husbands whom they must love, care, and have duty towards.
However, Goneril and Regan give the King a sycophantic public display to prove they love him more than anything in the world; which the King unwisely accepts. On the other hand, Cordelia remains devoted and true; refusing to give the King a meaningless response. This is because she feels her love is much greater than words can tell, she loves her father just as a child should; no more and no less. The reaction Lear has to Cordelia’s honesty is anger and a sense of betrayal. Although Cordelia is Lear's favourite and presumably he must know she loves him most, he still misjudges her sincerity. The result is Lear banishes Cordelia and rewards both Goneril and Regan for their false claims of love. Alongside Cordelia, King Lear also wrongfully banishes his close ally Kent. Kent submissively warns Lear that he is making a rash decision by banishing Cordelia. "When power to flattery bows? To plainness honor’s bound/When majesty falls to folly. Reserve thy state/And in thy best consideration check/This hideous rashness" …show more content…
(1.1.150-153). Kent is willing to go to great extents to ensure Lear is making the right decision. His only goal is to protect and do what is best for Lear, despite the threats he receives. He is aware that Cordelia's love is sincere and in order to serve her justice he speaks bluntly, but with total honesty. However, Lear, enraged upon hearing Cordelia's response, takes his unjust anger out on Kent and banishes him as well. His actions display the lack of trust he has in Kent, who has always been so faithful and true to him. Consequently, Lear's actions prove him to not be in the right mind, as he is unable to trust those who mean the most to him. It is evident to both Goneril and Regan that due to his old age, Lear has made a poor judgment in banishing Cordelia; whom he has obviously loved best.
However, Regan discloses that the King has never really understood himself or his feelings. "Tis the infirmity of his age. Yet he hath ever but slenderly known himself" (1.1.294-295). Regan is implying that at no time in Lear's life has he ever been in his "right mind." Even prior to the announcement of his kingdom division, Lear was mentally disoriented. In fact, all throughout his life Lear was unstable, and with age his state is only deteriorating. As of now, Lear's old age is also affecting his ability to make sensible decisions and valuing the greater things in his life. This is demonstrated through Lear's rash decision of banishing the two people who love and care most for him; Cordelia and Kent. In addition to Regan's criticism on Lear, Goneril agrees with her sister in saying that Lear has always been hot-headed, and that matters will only worsen from this point onwards as Lear is not getting any younger. "The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash. Then must we look from his age to receive not alone the imperfections of long-engrafted condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring with them" (1.1.296-300). Goneril reluctantly asserts that King Lear has always been an impetuous and quick-tempered individual. Hence, this is not the first occurrence in which Lear has
portrayed impulsive behaviour. Lear's old flaws within his character signify that he has not been in the "right mind," for as long as even his daughters can remember. The further complaints Goneril seems to have is that Lear's flaws have turned into profound habits, which she and Regan must deal with. Moreover, there is the uncontrollable bitterness that comes with old age that they must also handle in order to keep Lear restrained. Lear becoming senile is merely but an additional factor which supports him not being in his right mind. In all honesty, there has always been a growing hint of senility in Lear's mind; keeping him from thinking and acting rationally. Lear has really outdone himself when he banishes Cordelia and Kent; proving that he values appearance above reality. Even though this may not be the case, Lear fails to realize who is truly of importance in his life due to Goneril and Regan's cunning words. His mind has been perplexed and in a state of emptiness for years on end; which is now leading him to unknowingly push loved ones away and instead, bring forth pain and agony for himself.
Thou shall honour thy father and thy mother, is not only one of ten powerful commandments but is also the foundation for King Lear's perception of himself and his overwhelming situation in Shakespeare's masterpiece King Lear. After a recent life-altering decision, Lear's seemingly stable and comfortable world has been thrown into upheaval through the disobedience and lies told by not only his two daughters but also by his servants! Thus, after being dishonoured by his family and attendants, Lear forms an accurate perception of his situation, that he is "a man / More sinned against than sinning" (Act III scene ii lines 60 - 61). To begin, Lear's two eldest daughters dishonour him on several occasions. The first of three situations involves Goneril, the eldest.
With Cordelia declared as banished, Lear states, “With my two daughters’ dowers digest the third...Only we shall retain The name and all th’ addition to a king. The sway, revenue, execution of the rest, Beloved sons, be yours” (Shakespeare 17). Lear’s fault here is that he believes that he can divide up his kingdom to his daughters and still retain the title as king; he wants to retire his position and responsibilities as a king but still remain respected and treated as one. His flaw in wanting to be superior leads to his downfall, as he is so blinded by his greed that he decides to divide up his kingdom to his two daughters who are as hungry for power as he is. They only want to strip him of his position and respect to gain more influence. Lear, not realizing the impact of such an impulsive decision, descends into madness when his daughters force him out of his home. After being locked out of his only shelter by his daughters, he states, “Filial ingratitude!...In such a night To shut me out?...O Regan, Goneril, Your old kind father whose frank heart gave all! O that way madness lies. Let me shun that; No more of that” (Shakespeare 137). Lear becomes fully aware of the consequences of his actions. He realizes how ungrateful his daughters are and how they have treated him unfairly even though he has given them everything; much to his dismay, he is left with
Goneril and Regan commit many sins against their father, which in Jacobean times would have been seen as evil or against the natural order. Shakespeare portrays this theme with both outright and subtle actions throughout the play. It is only when Lear returns to himself that the audience sees how wrong his treatment was, with the return of Cordelia, who bears no grudge. Goneril and Regan, as it may be seen, were too spoilt by their father and the Fool's words to Lear summarize what has happened. "For you know, nuncle,
... Lears blessing, and declared his daughter. Lear also realized that Kents speaking out was for Lear’s best and that he too was abused and banished. What stings Lear even more is that he is now completely dependent upon his two shameless daughters, Goneril and Regan. Plus that he must now beg them when he took care of them like a father when they were once children, to drive Lears further into madness he realizes that as king he was so ignorant and blind with power that he never took care of the homeless and let them suffer. All these realization and the fact that Lear is in his second childhood a tender stage drive him into the peak of madness.
Shakespeare's King Lear is a play which shows the consequences of one man's decisions. The audience follows the main character, Lear, as he makes decisions that disrupt order in his Kingdom. When Lear surrenders all his power and land to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him, the breakdown on order in evident. Lear's first mistake is to divide his Kingdom into three parts. A Kingdom is run best under one ruler as only one decision is made without contradiction. Another indication that order is disrupted is the separation of Lear's family. Lear's inability to control his anger causes him to banish his youngest daughter, Cordelia, and loyal servant, Kent. This foolish act causes Lear to become vulnerable to his other two daughters as they conspire against him. Lastly, the transfer of power from Lear to his eldest and middle daughter, Goneril and Regan, reveals disorder as a result of the division of the Kingdom. A Kingdom without order is a Kingdom in chaos. When order is disrupted in King Lear, the audience witnesses chaotic events that Lear endures, eventually learning who truly loves him.
King Lear's hot temper and hasty decisions play a significant role in his fall from grace. His old age has caused him to behave impulsively, without any consideration for the consequences of his actions. When Lear asks his devoted daughter Cordelia to express her love for him, he becomes upset with her because she cannot put her feelings into words. He does not realize that she cares deeply for him and disowns her by saying, "Here I disclaim all my paternal care, propinquity and property of blood, and as a stranger to my heart and me hold thee from this for ever (1.1.120-123)." It is only later, when Cordelia has left him, that Lear realizes he had made a wrong decision. In another fit of rage, Lear ...
After Kent delightfully brings the two together and Lear realizes who he is talking to, he begs for forgiveness: “Pray, do not mock me. / I am a very foolish fond old man, / Fourscore and upward, not an hour more nor less /....Do not laugh at me, / For as I am a man, I think this lady / To be my child Cordelia.“ (IV.vii.68-79). Lear has finally achieved self-awareness regarding his mistaken banishment of Cordelia, and proclaims to her in a surprising display of humility that he is just a “foolish fond old man.” Shocking the audience, Lear does not hold back his newfound sense of shame. He goes on: “Be your tears wet? Yes, faith. I pray, weep not. If you have poison for me, I will drink it. I know you do not love me, for your sisters Have, as I do remember, done me wrong. You have some cause; they have not.” (IV.vii.81-85). In another case of both humility and misjudgment, Lear believes that Cordelia no longer loves him due to his mistakes. Lear could not be more wrong because Cordelia 's love for her father is unconditional and still lives. Cordelia virtuously accepts his apology and assures him “No, sir, you must not kneel,” (IV.vii.67). Although the two do not live much longer, Lear intends to live out the rest of their lives being the best a father can
When the audience is first introduced to Lear, he is portrayed as a raging, vain old man who can not see the purity of his daughter Cordelia's love for him from the insincerity of her sisters Goneril and Regan. In his fiery rage after disowning Cordelia, Lear commands to Kent, "Out of my sight!" (1.1.156). Kent fittingly implores the aging king to "See better, Lear; and let me still remain / The true blank of thine eye" (1.1.157-8). Kent recognizes love in its most noble form in the person of Cordelia, and is able to see through the hypocrisy of Lear's other two daughters. In beseeching Lear to "[s]ee better," Kent is, in effect, asking Lear to look beyond his vanity and inward pride to see the honesty of Cordelia, who refuses...
Let us begin by looking at the role of human nature in King Lear more closely. It is clear from the beginning of King Lear that Cordelia has an entirely good nature, she remains constant throughout the play, never wavering in her morals. The play begins with Lear deciding that he will have his daughters compete for their divisions of his kingdoms based on which of them can impress him the most with their proclamations of love. Cordelia, however, cannot express her love for her father in words, and refuses to deceive him by doing otherwise, stating that she is “sure [her] love's more richer than [her] tongue” (1.1.78-80). She realizes that by holding her tongue she is infuriating her father, but her nature cannot allow her to do otherwise. When King Lear asks her what she has to say, she states “Nothing, my lord” (1.1.86). A...
A connection that is lost would include Lear’s relationship between him and his three daughters. If Lear’s lack of communication were to be put aside, then Lear could then understand and know his daughters each on a personal level. Thus, allowing him to realize that Cordelia is the most loyal and loving daughter of all. Whereas, he would recognize Goneril and Regan to be his two ungrateful daughters, who are known to be fake backstabbers that are capable and willing enough to get that they want. Secondly, with Lear’s deficient sense of communication, it has allowed him to gain the persona of haste irrationalism. As said by Goneril to Regan “The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash” (1.1. 295). Goneril explains that Lear himself has always been irrational and uncontrollable, even when young. This is proven after the choice of Cordelia to not profess the love that she has for her father, causing Lear to then hastily banish Cordelia from the
King Lear had come so accustomed to his praise, that it is the sole thing he lived for, he needed it to survive, his treatment as a king was his Achilles heel in this play. He wanted to step down as king and divide his kingdom into 3 sections, giving them to his daughters to rule. Goneril and Regan were more than willing to accommodate his request to demonstrate their love for their father and king by professing their love to him in dramatic fashion combined with a good bit of exaggeration. While Cordelia on the other hand, found it a struggle to profess what she thought to be known by her father and king, she states, “Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave / My heart into my mouth. I love your majesty / According to my bond; nor more nor less (Scene 1.1, Lines 91-93).
Lear's vision is marred by lack of direction in life, poor foresight and his inability to predict the consequences of his actions. He cannot look far enough into the future to see the consequences of his actions. This, in addition to his lack of insight into other people, condemns his relationship with his most beloved daughter, Cordelia. When Lear asks his daughters, who loves him most, he already thinks that Cordelia has the most love for him. However, when Cordelia says: "I love your Majesty according to my bond, no more nor less." (I, i, 94-95) Lear cannot see what these words really mean. Goneril and Regan are only putting on an act. They do not truly love Lear as much as they should. When Cordelia says these words, she has seen her sister's facade, and she does not want to associate her true love with their false love. Lear, however, is fooled by Goneril and Regan into thinking that they love him, while Cordelia does not. This is when Lear first shows a sign of becoming blind to those around him. He snaps and disowns her:
Lear's relationship with his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia, is, from the beginning, very uncharacteristic of the typical father-daughter relationship. It's clear that the king is more interested in words than true feelings, as he begins by asking which of his daughters loves him most. Goneril and Regan's answers are descriptive and sound somewhat phony, but Lear is flattered by them. Cordelia's response of nothing is honest; but her father misunderstands the plea and banishes her. Lear's basic flaw at the beginning of the play is that he values appearances above reality. He wants to be treated as a king and to enjoy the title, but he doesn't want to fulfill a king's obligations. Similarly, his test of his daughters demonstrates that he values a flattering public display of love over real love. He doesn't ask "which of you doth love us most," but rather, "which of you shall we say doth love us most?" (I.i.49). It would be simple to conclude that Lear is simply blind to the truth, but Cordelia is already his favorite daughter at the beginning of the play, so presumably he knows that she loves him the most. Nevertheless, Lear values Goneril and Regan's fawning over Cordelia's sincere sense of filial duty.
In the beginning of the play the reader learns that Lear is ready to give up his kingdom and retire from a conversation that two noblemen, Gloucester and Kent, are having. He asks his three daughters; Cordelia, Goneril, and Regan to express their love for him to help him make his decision as to who would inherit his kingdom. Cordelia has always been his “favorite” daughter and when asked how much she loved her father she does not lie to him and tells him “I am sure my love’s more ponderous than my tongue” (1363). Rather than being grateful for such love and honesty, Lear banishes her to France and divides his kingdom to his two other daughters. Kent does not agree with Lear’s decision and Lear banishes him too.
The first flaw in King Lear is his arrogance, which results in the loss of Cordelia and Kent. It is his arrogance in the first scene of the play that causes him to make bad decisions. He expects his favorite, youngest daughter to be the most worthy of his love. His pride makes him expect that Cordelia’s speech to be the one filled with the most love. Unfortunately for King Lear’s pride, Cordelia replies to his inquisition by saying, “I love your majesty/According to my bond and nothing less';(1.1.100-101). Out of pride and anger, Lear banishes Cordelia and splits the kingdom in half to the two evil sisters, Goneril and Regan. This tragic flaw prevents King Lear from seeing the truth because his arrogance overrides his judgement. Lear’s arrogance also causes him to lose his most faithful servan...