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Self-disclosure: Important aspects psychologists, therapists and counsellors should keep in mind when disclosing personal information. What should a psychologist, counsellor or therapist be aware of when self-disclosing during therapy? The purpose of this paper is to examine empirical research regarding self-disclosure; specifically how it relates to what a psychologist, counsellor or therapist should be aware of when working with clients and applying self-disclosure as part of the therapy strategy. This paper will deliberate findings and recommendations of several peer-reviewed articles and will unpack themes appropriate to self-disclosure. The scope of this paper will be limited to the findings and recommendations of the identified articles …show more content…
These self-disclosures resulted in positive consequences for clients that included insights or new perspectives from which to make changes. This in return can then result in an improved or more balanced therapeutic relationship between the client and the psychologist, giving the client reassurance and encouragement (Hess et al., 1997, p. …show more content…
Ethical Standard 1.19 is one of the APA guidelines most closely associated with the debate surrounding self-disclosure. The guideline recommends that psychologists should not exploit persons over whom they have a guiding responsibility, evaluative, or other authority such as their clients or patients (APA 1992, p. 1602). APA Ethical Principle E covers a comparable pronouncement that highlights the fact that psychologists have influence and power over their clients and must, therefore, evade using that control in a manipulative manner. Though these ethical principles do not refer explicitly to the subject of self-disclosure, concerns about client exploitation often are raised in relation to therapist self-disclosure. It is exploitative and unethical to self-disclose if the therapist is using that self-disclosure to get his or her own needs met by the client. Psychologists should practice nonmaleficence and beneficence. It should be the goal of psychologists to help others. Nonmaleficence and beneficence are the two ethical principles that are most often addressed in relation to self-disclosure because these principles are implicit in the many writings about the clinical usefulness of therapist self-disclosure (Peterson 2002, p. 22). Both Nonmaleficence and beneficence are also two important principles for the
Although doctor-patient confidentiality is standard today, a caveat about this privilege is that it does not protect all statements made to therapists and only applies to regularly scheduled appointments. Additionally, if a patient reveals that they intend to harm someone, it is the therapist’s duty to report this fact to the proper authorities.
The expectation in the practitioner/client relationship is that any information disclosed will not be shared with others. Confidentiality is emphasized to provide the client with a safe haven in which to share traumatic events or embarrassing personal information about themselves (Krase, 2013). Disclosing this type of sensitive information...
Disclosure is an essential aspect of a medical professional and his or her patients’ relationships. In the 1950s, the medical client and professional relationship was one of paternalism as opposed to the now fiduciary relationship. Then a paternalistic professional took all of the responsibilities, disclosed what he then thought was necessary, and essentially told the patien...
Moreover, ethical issues are ubiquitous within the field of social work. As such, social workers employed in all facets of the profession, whether it is substance abuse, mental health, among many others encounter ethical issues common and specific to each area. According to the article “Ethical Issues in Addiction Counseling” by Cynthia G. Scott (2000), prominent ethical situations specific to the field of substance abuse include, “confidentiality and privileged communication” (p. 213). In her article Scott (2000) discuss the blurred boundaries of confidentiality with regards to group counseling. The author points out the discrepancy in federal confidentiality laws that prevent the practitioner from sharing confidential information disclosed
They argue that therapists should consider their own motivation to self-disclose and set boundaries. The therapists should never put their own needs above the client. They make sure to point out that self discourse alone cannot affect the outcome of treatment. Self-disclosure is effective only if it is used appropriately and only if it is used when it is necessary. The amount of information disclosed and when it is disclosed is also important. Therapists should draw a clear line with the amount of intimacy to include in their therapeutic disclosure to ensure that no inappropriate boundaries are crossed. The authors suggest two rules of thumb to follow when disclosing information which include: (a) “Why do I want to say what I am about to say” and (b) “What will be the likely impact of the client” (p. 567).
Rocco, T. S. "Hesitating to Disclose." In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, edited by S. J. Levine, pp. 157-163. East Lansing: Michigan State University, October 1997.
Corbin, J.R. (2007). Confidentiality and the duty to warn: Ethical and legal implications for the therapeutic relationship. The New Social Worker, 4-7.
The disclosure of information about one’s self to a client in a psychological setting has been debated for years. Many have argued that therapist self-disclosure hinders treatment, whereas others have suggested that it enhances the effectiveness of therapy (Barrett & Berman, 2001). However, like we hear in class every day, I think it depends. I think that self-disclosure can either be very therapeutic to the client or it could impede treatment but, that is for the therapist to decide.
Ethical issues in a counseling practice lay the foundation of a therapist in practice. Ethics are at the center of how the counseling process functions and operates in a successful manner for the clients who seek help in such a setting. In order for the counseling profession to be ethical and hold professional recognition, there are many facets that need to be examined and outlined to make sure all counselors and practitioners are functioning at the highest level and withholding their duties required by the counseling profession. The first introduction so to speak of the area of ethics also happens to be one of the first steps in counseling, which is the informed consent. The informed consent provides the basis of what happens or will be happening in a counseling setting and serves to inform the client to their rights, responsibilities, and what to expect. Most importantly, the informed consent is in place for the client’s benefit. It also is important to understand that culture and environment play a role in the treatment of a client and how theories can positively or negatively impact this treatment. Therapists need to understand how to work within the context of a theory while being able to understand the individual in their own environment. Although theories are put into place to serve as a framework, there are also alternative ways to approach counseling, one example being evidence-based practice. Such an approach is very specific, which presents a series of solutions for counseling as a whole, but also brings forth many problems. Every approach or theory introduces ethical concerns that need to be taken into consideration by the entire counseling community and how each can positively and negatively affect clients and the pr...
Meichenbaum, D., & Cameron, R. (1974). The clinical potential of modifying what clients say to themselves. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 11 (2), 103-117.
Ethics in the counselling and psychotherapy protects the client and the therapist involved in the therapeutic relationship and the therapeutic process as a whole; with the concepts that act as a guide for the therapists in provision of good practice and care for the client. The framework is built on values of counselling and psychotherapy; principles of trustworthiness, autonomy, fidelity, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence and self-respect, and provides standards of good practice and care for the practitioner (BACP, 2010). Ethical framework contributes to the development of the therapeutic relationship and process by assisting therapist’s decisions, and guides their behaviour and proceedings within their legal rights and duties. The ethical frame is structured on the boundaries of the therapeutic relationship and the therapists should be aware of their categories and be responsible for their forms. Monitoring and being aware of what goes on in and out of the room physically, emotionally and psychologically is primarily the duty of the therapist.
The counseling session began with the introductions where I introduced myself as the counselor and later introduced my client. This stage is important in any counseling session since it is the time of exploration and focusing according to Gerard Egan as quoted by Wright (1998) in his essay on couselling skills. It is in this session that I was able to establish rapport and trust with my client in order to come up with a working and fruitful relationship with him. During this stage I made use of skills like questioning, where I would pose a question directly to my client, sometimes I would choose to just listen to what the client wanted to speak out while in some instances I would be forced to paraphrase the question if I felt the client did not understand the question I had asked previously. There were also other times when I would reflect through silence. During such a period, I got time to study the client and the information he had given. This being a difficult area, since some clients may not be able to volunteer information to you as the counselor, I decided to assure the client of confidentiality of any information he was willing to share with me with a few exceptions which I also told him about. Being open to him about the only times the information may not be confidential was part of my building rapport and establishing trust with him. I therefore, decided to ask the client what information he wanted to share with me and lucky enough he was ready to speak to me about different issues that he was going through.
What exactly is self-disclosure? Is it simply telling someone about you, or is there more to it than that? According to Essentials of Human Communication, self-disclosure can best be defined as “a form of communication in which information about the self that is normally kept hidden is communicated to one or more others” (DeVito 2013). A perfect example of this is how secrets are exchanged between friends once they gain one another’s trust. Other forms of self-disclosure include calling someone by the wrong name and avoiding eye contact. Throughout the course of this paper, self-disclosure will be expressed in further detail, including its influencing factors, rewards, dangers, and guidelines.
Kelly, A., Kenny, C., Klusas, J., and von Weiss, R. (2001). What Is It About Revealing Secrets That Is Beneficial? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 657-665.
This paper will explore the concept of dual relationships between counselors and clients and the ethical implications of such relationships. In addition to presenting several examples of dual relationships, this paper will also explore how ethical decisions must be made to avoid potentially harmful or exploitive relationships in therapy as well understanding how different interactions between counselor and clients can be understood from an ethical standpoint, as well as how reviewing these ethical dilemmas may shape my future career as a counselor.