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Administration and politics of public administration
The terms public administration
Role in public administration
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Public administration can be defined as the government in action. However, this definition is too simplistic and does not fully address the function and importance of public administration. If the definition of public administration to be developed further, public administration can have several more definitions which can be categorized into four groups: political, legal, managerial and occupational. A few examples that the public administration can be further defined are public administration is what the government does; public administration is implementing the public interest; public administration is providing the services and goods that cannot be provided so well individually; public administration is the execution of law; and public administration is regulation . Therefore, this shows how crucial public administration is to the government. Without public administration, the government will not be able to meet the needs and demands of the people since there is no one to implement the policy of the government, which means that the government will not be able to fulfill its obligations to the people and will lose its legitimacy to govern.
Public sector employees are the people who are responsible for running the daily operations of public administration. Without them, all the institutions in the public administration will stop functioning because public sector employees are an important input to the services provided by the public administration. However, public sector employees do not work in the public sector free of charge. Since economically public sector employees themselves are labor force in the market, they need to be paid and compensated as they are sacrificing their time and offering effort to ensure that the whole p...
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... employees who have served in the public sector for a long time and the young high-flyers officers who attain high ranking positions in short time. In addition, the government can offer a lump sum bonus to the junior level employees who have stay in the public sector long enough every few years. This signals the employees that the government does appreciate their contribution and is rewarding them for their loyalty. In conclusion, meritocracy has proven its success in attracting qualified candidates to join the public sector and ensure the continuation of high performance of public sector. Yet, it is the government obligation to take care of the benefits of the junior level employees to sustain harmonious relationship between the senior and junior level civil servants. So, the whole public sector will remain united and they will work together to develop the country.
This is better explained by the public servant knowing why he is doing the job and who it is benefiting, socially, and how he is impacting and making a change for the better in their own mind, personal. In the first two “chapters” of Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug, or How to
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
Besides that, Bright (2005) determined the individual characteristics, management level, and financial reward preferences of high PSM public sector employees which resulted in employees with high PSM are generally female, are managers, have higher education levels, and place less emphasis on financial rewards. This finding further reinforces Perry & Wise’s (1990) findings on employees with high PSM and their reward preferences. However, there are also contrasting views that public sector employees value extrinsic rewards as well because traditionally, people are attracted to work for the government because of the job stability, opportunities for career development and the pension system (Perry & Hondegham, 2008). Besides that, people also perceive that government jobs are more flexible and less stressful for those with families (Vandenabeele, 2008). Research studies have mainly focused on the PSM theory from the angle of public service as public
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
Over time, how have members of the field of public administration examined the subject of policy and administration (has the dichotomy changed)?
Since its emergence as a field of study, there have been some important contributions to public administration. Its goal has always been to improve productivity which then improves workplace performance. All of the contributions have been aimed at completing the work with the highest level of efficiency and at the lowest cost.
In the future I would like to see myself, as a continuously promoted public official who could possibly become a pro-active politician in today’s demanding political arena. To achieve this, I would like to gain more knowledge which can help me reach intellectual maturity to the latest practices adopted in the field of Public Administration. My desire for self-development in this area and curiosity to learn past and contemporary developments in different societies will help me to solve the problems easily.
Traditional public administration is traced back to the works of scholars like Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson and Fredrick Taylor. This form of administration was mostly influenced by Max Weber with his bureaucratic model and theory. Max Weber was a well-known sociologist born in Germany in the year 1864. He came up with his bureaucratic model as a way to try to improve management in organizations. ‘Weber emphasized on top-down control in the form of monocratic hierarchy that is a system of control in which policy is set at the top and carried out through a series of offices, whereby every manager and employee are to report to one person in top management and held accountable by that manager’ (Pfiffner, 2004, p. 1).
United Nations, (2006). Unlocking the human potential for public sector performance world; public sector report 2005. United Nations: Academic foundation
...ot function properly. Politics and administration should be seen as very interconnected. It is worth reiterating just as the structure of governments has changed over the years, the structure and role of public administration have also changes dramatically. Furthermore, it is important to state that public administration has grown from its traditional role of merely implementing policies adopted by the “political” branches of government to playing very significant role in the formation of public policies. This is definitely more evident in regards to professional expertise bureaucratic officials provide during problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, and evaluation that shape the content of public policy today. Overall, the idea that Wilson has proposed gives an accurate idea of what the relationship should be between politics and administration.
Public Managers are uniquely positioned to positively affect policy process due to their tenure, job security, absence of political pressure and expanded role in the society. The
Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in writing “The Study of Administration” is to bring awareness that the government systems in place need to be re-evaluated and improved. Wilson encourages we need to examine the history of administration set forth by others in determining certain needs to be accomplished in effective ways and methods. Wilson’s desirable outcomes for research within the public administration field are for government systems to become more productive and organized.
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.
Despite these criticisms, the reforms in public administration have had a widespread impact across this country and around the world. The principles underlying these reforms have enhanced government performance and accountability, public administration has employed various strategies to streamline management and enhance pubic service. It is important to keep in mind that while there may be significant improvement in productivity as a result of technological advances or reform, the most meaningful long-term gains will come about as a result of attention to the humans side of the organization. Successful public administration demands a successful balance between the concerns of the technical side of the agency and paying attention to people.
Public personnel administration consists of three general systems. The first one I’ll talk about is civil service. The civil service helps to protect employee rights and safeguard efficiency. Historically, personnel administration shifted from emphasizing the value of responsiveness to emphasizing political neutral competence among public employees. Before they would use the spoils system and the patronage system, which selected employees and awarded government contracts based on loyalty or party affiliation. In this present day, we are using more of the civil service system, which is a method of choosing employees based on certain formal qualifications such as competitive exams instead of political patronage. It all start...