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What are the roles of external audit in corporate governance
Effectiveness of internal auditing
Notes about internal auditing
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STATE OF INDIANA
Internal Audit Charter
Introduction
Internal Audit is an independent, objective, assurance, and consulting activity designed to add value and improve operations. It helps accomplish objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of governance, risk management, and control processes.
Internal Audit is organized to examine and evaluate current and proposed processes and controls. The objectives of Internal Audit are to:
1. Promote effective and efficient controls through audits, reviews and objective consulting arrangements.
2. Pursue effective corrective action to the root cause of significant issues.
3. Assist Senior Management in the effective discharge of their duties
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These documents, as amended from time to time and available at www.theiia.org, constitute an addendum to this charter. The Institute of Internal Auditors ' "Practice Advisories" will be adhered to as applicable. Internal Audit will also adhere to company policies and procedures.
Organization
The Director of Internal Audit will report administratively to the Deputy Commissioner – Audit & Investigation. If situations occurs; whereas, independency and objectivity is at risk, the Director of Internal Audit can report the situation to the Commissioner of the BMV and/or other regulatory agency (the State Board of Accounts, Indiana Inspector General, etc.).
Independence and Objectivity
To permit maintenance of an independent and objective mental attitude necessary in rendering reports, all internal audit activities will remain free of influence by any element in the organization. This freedom from influence includes matters of audit selection, scope, procedures, frequency, timing, or report content. Internal Auditors will perform their duties in such a manner that they believe in their work product and that no audit quality compromises are made. Internal Auditors may not subordinate judgment related to their audit duties to
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These consultation engagements may include gaining information about process to develop process maps, facilitating risk identification exercises, control discussions, and other similar activities. In any consultation engagement, management must retain responsibility for developing and installing all systems and procedures, and the preparation of any records. Internal auditors are responsible for adhering to the Independence and Objectivity expectations established in this Charter. The Director of Internal Audit will approve any consulting engagement and will make any final decisions regarding Internal Audit’s participation in any consulting
Internal controls are in place to protect entities against theft from dishonest workers and outside predators. They are also an accurate series of checks and balances and are in place to find discrepancies.
The purpose of the internal audit is to protect Costco 's assets through evaluating the acceptability and efficiency of internal controls; recognizing areas of possible risk, revenue improvement and/or cost reductions; and making sure transactions are authorized, completed, and logged as proposed. The internal auditors are accountable for guiding audits of all Costco’s local and global activities, its affiliates, and other entities Costco conducts business with as deemed necessary by management.
Consult PCAOB Ethics and Independence Rule 3520. What is the auditor independence, and what is its significance to the audit profession? What is the difference between independence in appearance and independence in fact?
The audit committee must certify that the company’s auditors are independent. The audit committee must approve all professional services provided to the company by its independent auditors and ensure that auditors do not provide to the company any of the specifically prohibited services identified by SOX, such as bookkeeping services. The audit committee must receive and analyze key items of information from the independent auditors. These items of information include auditors’ analysis of critical accounting policies adopted by the
The Institute of Internal Auditors. "Internal Auditing's Role In Section 302 and 404 of the U.S Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002." The Institute of Internal Auditors (2004): 1-13.
Objectivity also needs to be evaluated to make sure the internal audit is reliable. The internal audit needs to be free of conflicting responsibilities as well
The oversight responsibilities of the board, the CAE lacking of expertise or broad understanding of financial controls and responsibilities, and the understaffed internal audit functions lacking of independence and direct access to the board of directors contributed to the absence of internal controls. To begin with, the board should be retrained to achieve financial literacy to review financial reporting. Other than attending formal meetings, the board of directors should be more involved with the management. For the Audit Committee, the two members who were recruited as acquaintances to Brennahan need be replaced with experts who are more sufficiently knowledgeable about accounting rules beyond merely “financially literate”. Furthermore, the internal audit functions need to expand with different expertise commensurate with the expanded activities of the organization, testing financial reporting rather than internal controls from an operational perspective. The CAE should be more independent and proactive to execute audit plans, instead of following orders from the CFO, and initiate a direct and efficient communication between internal audit and audit
The independence of mind or independence in fact means Betty has to have a state of mind that allow her to form an opinion without bias due to influence that compromises professional judgment. By having an independence of mind allowing an individual to perform his or her audit work with integrity, as well as, maintaining her objectivity and professional skepticism behavior. However, in this case, she did not have an independence of mind since she trusted Toby and she enjoyed working with him since he is also a CPA because it is easy for her to work with him compare to her other clients who do not have the accounting background. As a result, because of long-term relationship and trust that Betty has with Toby, it influenced her decision about the audit opinion. Additionally, to be independent in appearance Betty and her audit team must show unbiased professional judgment when she reviews her clients ' financial statements. Betty had Problems with independence in appearance because in the case study shown me that she has become too close to her client, Toby. Therefore, all auditors have to maintain their professional skepticism as well as maintain independence in their mental attitude and also independence in appearance to provide an unbiased opinion on
The seven best practices in the roles and responsibilities of an internal audit function include:
In this approach, the focus will be on the internal control objectives so that the control design can be well assessed. First, the auditor will define the control measures and objectives and then find out which measures already installed meet the objectives (Tyrer, 1994).
The part of the unit known as the internal affairs department is under the inspection unit section. The main job of an internal affairs investigator entails keeping a close eye on department’s policies and procedures by conducting “internal quality control inspections” (Dempsey, Frost, & Carter, 2014) (p. 99). Other duties that one must consider when working in this area of the unit according to (Dempsey, Frost, & Carter, 2014) is to focus on suspected “misconduct and corruption of other officers” (p. 99). They must ensure that all employees within the department are adhering to the rules and conducting themselves in the manner that the system, guidelines and policies requires. Another main objective that the internal affairs division has is to uphold the integrity of the department. In fact, according to (Dempsey, Frost, & Carter, 2014), “they are the police that police the department” (p. 247).They do so by making any improvements and putting new practices into practice and making sure officers are abiding in those protocols and
The complete destruction of companies including Arthur Andersen, HealthSouth, and Enron, revealed a significant weakness in the United States audit system. The significant weakness is the failure to deliver true independence between the auditors and their clients. In each of these companies there was deviation from professional rules of conduct resulting from the pressures of clients placed upon their auditors (Goldman, and Barlev 857-859). Over the years, client and auditor relationships were intertwined tightly putting aside the unbiased function of auditors. Auditor careers depended on the success of their client (Kaplan 363-383). Auditors found themselves in situations that put their profession in a questionable time driving them to compromise their ethics, professionalism, objectivity, and their independence from the company. A vital trust relationship role for independent auditors has been woven in society and this role is essential for the effective functioning of the financial economic system (Guiral, Rogers, Ruiz, and Gonzalo 155-166). However, the financial world has lost confidence in the trustworthiness of auditor firms. There are three potential threats to auditor independence: executives hiring and firing auditors, auditors taking positions the client instead of the unbiased place, and auditors providing non audit services to clients (Moore, Tetlock, Tanlu, and Bazerman 10-29).
Audit is a process to evaluate and review the accounts and financial statement objectively. We can divide it into internal auditors and external auditors. Internal auditors have a inner knowledge of business process. Auditor has access to the much confidential information and all levels of management. But they may lose their judgement and they are not acceptable by the shareholder. “The overall objective of the external auditors is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to report on the financial statements in acco...
Audit Risk is the risk that an auditor has stated an incorrect audit opinion on the financial statements. It may cause the auditors fail to alter the opinion when the financial statements contain material misstatement. The auditor should perform the audit to lower the audit risk to a sufficiently low level. In the auditor’s professional judgement, the auditor should appropriately state a correct opinion on the financial statement
The fundamental duty of an external financial auditor is to form and express an opinion on whether the reporting entity’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with the relevant financial reporting framework. In discharging this duty, the auditor must exercise “reasonable skill, care and caution” (Lopes, J. in Kingston Cotton Mill Co 1896) as reflected in current legal and professional requirements.