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Effects of censorship on society
Teaching gender education in public schools
Censorship in american schools
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The United States was built on the foundation of freedom. This freedom included the right to express one’s views without prosecution or limitation. This paved the way for the freedom to learn and pursue educational achievements. However, there are times when learning becomes halted in the interest of “appropriateness.” This is in reference to censorship. Censorship, by definition, is “the forbidding, blocking, limiting, or obstructing access to information for whatever reason.”(p248)1 This form of interference can prevent awareness and stint intellectual growth. Therefore, censorship should be used sparingly in education without political or religious motivation because the abuse of censorship negatively affects our education as a whole.
One problem America faces with the abuse of censorship is students become misinformed about certain issues. Take for example, the topic of sex education. In the 1990’s, there was a program that was sponsored by the government called “Sex Respect.” This program informed high-school students that they must remain abstinent until marriage; otherwise they will harm themselves and other people. “…Pre-marital sex can lead to shotgun weddings, cervical cancer, poverty, substance abuse, a diminished ability to communicate, and death.”2 Not only did this program fail to accurately depict the nature of safe sex, but it censored the information that discussed condoms, birth control, and other preventative measures. While remaining abstinent is ideal, it is not the only option to remain healthy. This kind of extremism only serves to hurt the students in the end. In reality, there will be several students who will become sexually active. It would be better for them to know that there are other safe alternati...
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...=false&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010121273&mode=view&userGroupName=scccld_main&jsid=c89f6cf9815fc3c4a81eed34c17de879. Accessed October 1, 2011.
5. Evolution & creationism court cases - History of evolution court cases. New York Times Company. 2011. http://www.about.com Accessed September 25, 2011.
6. Top 10 banned books. New York Times Company. 2011. http://www.about.com Accessed September 25, 2011.
7. Kumar K. St. Louis U. cancels speech by activist David Horowitz - School says it was concerned that the event could be viewed as attacking another faith. St. Louis Post Dispatch. October 3, 2009. Available from: Newsbank. http://infoweb.newsbank.com.stlcopisa.stlcop.edu/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=12B2A9378BA990B0&p_docnum=1&p_queryname=9 . Accessed September 25, 2011.
The practice of the censorship of books in schools has been prevalent due to the explicit content of them. Parents have been complaining to schools about books that count as required reading because they disapprove with the points made in the book. If a book consists of offensive or sexually explicit material, then parents would challenge the schools about them in order to prevent their children from reading them. Censorship in general has been an intensely debated issue because it is considered an infringement to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution while others argue it is used to conceal inappropriate things (Aliprandini and Sprague). The banning of books in school curriculum has also been debated since parents see certain books as inappropriate while others argue that banning them hinders student learning. Against the censorship of books in schools, Fenice Boyd and Nancy Bailey, authors of Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, believe that banning books creates a barrier between students and intellectual development (Boyd and Bailey, 655). Banning books from schools and removing them from the curriculum prevents students from exploring different ideas and developing creativity and critical thinking skills.
The American Association of School Administrators (AASA) defines censorship as: “The removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic, or educational materials… of images, ideas, and information…on the grounds that these are morally or otherwise objectionable in light of standards applied by the censor” (Miner 1998). In schools there are three types of censorship, one type is a “parent who doesn’t want their child to read a particular book. Another is a parent, teacher, administrator, or school board member who argues that no one in the class, or school should read the book in dispute. Lastly, there is censorship that involves someone who is part of an organized campaign, whether of a local or national group, and who goes in ready for a fight and wants to make a broader political point” (Miner 1998). Although there are many others ways that a piece of literature could get censored, most censored works are asked to be removed from classrooms and school libraries.
It has been almost thirty three years since the first federal funding was put to use in “. . . sex education programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage to the exclusion of all other approaches . . .” according to the article “Sex education” (2010) published by “Opposing Viewpoints in Context;” a website that specializes in covering social issues. Since then a muddy controversy has arisen over whether that is the best approach. On one hand is the traditional approach of abstinence (not having sex before marriage), and on the other is the idea that what is being done is not enough, and that there needs to be a more comprehensive approach. This entails not only warning against sex, but also teaching teens about how to have “Safe Sex” (“Sex Education,” 2010).
Today’s young Americans face strong peer pressure to be sexually active and engage themselves in risky behaviors (Merino 100-109). Anyone deciding to have sex must first think about all the risks involved. Kekla Magoon, author of Sex Education in Schools, says that “half of all teens aged 15 to 19 years old in the United States have had sex” (Magoon 64-65). It is currently not required by federal law for schools to teach Sex education and those few schools that do teach Sex education have the decision to determine how much information is allowed. Advocates from both sides of the Sex education debate agree that teens need positive influences in order to make practical decisions (Magoon 88-89). Opponents of Abstinence-only education believe it fails because it does not prepare teens for all the risks of sex (Magoon 64-65).
Issues of censorship in public schools are contests between the exercise of discretion and the exercise of a Constitutional right. The law must reconcile conflicting claims of liberty and authority, as expressed by Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter in Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 1940 in “Banned in the U.S.A.: A Reference Guide to Book Censorship in Schools and Public Libraries” by Herbert N. Foerstel (23).
Censorship has been a big part of the world’s history and especially America’s history. One of the most quoted amendments to the United States constitution is the first amendment; “Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ...” This amendment guaranteeing free speech, press, and religion is still heavily debated and contested today. Censorship, as a challenge to free speech and press has been allowed many times and has been heavily debated itself. Many people censor for many different reasons and in many different forms. Censorship itself is not always a bad thing and has in some cases been used for protection of the general population.
The subject of censorship is a very controversial one, especially the banning of books. Many people believe they must protect themselves and others from the "evils" of many classic books and works of art because they can be deemed "indecent" in one way or another. Many believe that this is absurd and censorship in its current form is a violation of our First Amendment right to free speech. Personally, I align myself with the latter, however I do feel there are occasions where censorship is justifiable.
The most debatable and controversial form of censorship today is the banning of books in school libraries. Banning books that educate students is wrong and selfish. Censorship of books in school libraries is neither uncommon nor an issue of the past. Books with artistic and cultural worth are still challenged constantly by those who want to control what others read. The roots of bigotry and illiteracy that fuel efforts to censor books and free expression are unacceptable and unconditional. Censoring school books in libraries can often lead to censorship of our basic freedoms guaranteed in the First Amendment. In some cases, a minority ends up dictating the majority in censorship cases. To be told what is permissible reading material and what is not is a direct violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution.
Censorship is detrimental to society. People can’t learn from their mistakes if we hide them. People can’t decide the best option if we say there are no options. People can’t understand each other if they don’t know what anyone is thinking. People can’t mature when they are “protected” from mean words.
Why should an authority who considers censorship even exist? I believe they are holding students back from valuable lessons to learn. In one instance, the book Huckleberry Finn, was being banned from a library. When told this, Mark Twain replied, “Censorship is telling a man he can’t have steak because a baby can’t chew it.” Here, Twain is arguing that though a group may be offended by a book, in this case, it should not keep others from being accessible to it.
Thrasher, Frederic M.. "Education Versus Censorship." Journal of Educational Sociology 13.5 (1940): 285 - 306. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
“Ignorance is Bliss”, does that ring a bell? You may have been told something of that nature at one point during your life. “What you don’t know won’t hurt you”, how about that one? Parents often tell their children that when they have questions and their parents aren’t open to answering them. Humans tell people these things to avoid giving an answer.
Ever wondered the reason behind racial discrimination, sexual discrimination, children committing crime or violence? The main reason is that censorship is not properly imposed or there is a need of censorship in the society. Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that certain people, individual, groups or government officials find it objectionable, offensive or dangerous on others. There are varieties of other definitions but all have in common the concept of withholding information and/or resources from those who seek it. Hence censorship is essential in society to eliminate discrimination on basis of race and sex, protect children, maintain stability and restore what censor sees as lost moral values. Censorship occurs when expressive materials like books, magazines, movies, videos, music or work of art are restricted to particular audiences based on their age or other characteristics. (http://www.ala.org/oif/intellectualfreedeomandcensorship.html)
Written by a member of the associate press in Washington, This article as the title suggests, discusses how one out of three American schools do not even bother to teach anything about contraception and the prevention of pregnancy, whereas they are taught that abstinence is the only way to prevent pregnancy. Talks of birth control, pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases are left out except to talk about its shortcomings. The people who promote abstinence teachings are mainly the conservative and religious groups. The abstinence only programs seem to be most prevalent in the southern states and seem to be not very common in the northeast and there is a mandate by the American government saying that fifteen states require schools to teach abstinence until marriage while thirteen states require lessons about contraception and abstinence combined. These groups say that if abstinence is taught, a message saying that pre-marital sex is acceptable in society and wouldn’t be considered deviant. The remaining two thirds of schools in the United States, which educate with both abstinence and contraception according to the article teach that abstinence is the preferred option but do go on to talk about how to prevent pregnancies if one does decide to engage in sexual intercourse. The newspaper article goes on to say that most American citizens are in support of programs that promote both abstinence and contraception taught together but it is still important for society to send teens a message that abstinence is the most conventional method. Sixty six percent of teenagers said that they have had sex by the time they graduated from high school. This goes to show that teenagers have been exposed to more sex in their everyday lives and sex before marriage is considered harmless by today’s society as opposed to what the norm was twenty years
Since the foundation of the United States after a harsh split from Britain, almost 200 years later, an issue that could claim the founding grounds for the country is now being challenged by educators, high-ranking officials, and other countries. Though it is being challenged, many libertarians, democrats, and free-speech thinkers hold the claim that censorship violates our so-called unalienable rights, as it has been proven throughout many court cases. Censorship in the United States is detrimental because it has drastically and negatively altered many significant events.