Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Representation of women in the heart of darkness
Treatment of women in literature
Treatment of women in literature
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Representation of women in the heart of darkness
In society, people prefer awareness than unawareness, but this does not always prove true. According to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, unawareness overpowers awareness when horrific events occur. Women such as the Intended, or Marlow’s aunt, live in their own world, ignorant of everything around them. Aware of their surroundings, the fates and the mistress live as an icon of freedom. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad uses images of women to symbolize the reoccurring theme of enlightenment versus ignorance. He views women as if they live in a fantasy world instead of the real world. Although society prefers awareness over unawareness, unawareness appears to bring happiness.
Conrad talks about ignorance as a bliss through women. Believing
…show more content…
When the Intended became conscious that Kurtz has died, she mourned for over a year. She tells Marlow, “‘I have been very happy - very fortunate - very proud,’ she went on. ‘Too fortunate. Too happy for a little while. And now I am unhappy for life’” (Conrad 70). Her unawareness of Kurtz resulted in her “very happy” lifestyle. Now that she knows Kurtz did not live her fantasy dream, she lives “unhappy for life”. She becomes aware that maybe she will feel happy again if she was unaware of Kurtz’s situation. She has been taken out of her fantasy world and put into a reality world. Similar to the Intended, the Congo acts as a woman figure. Although the Congo physically possesses no female figure, it acts similar to a woman in that the deeper Marlow goes into the Congo, or womb, the more he becomes aware of how difficult his journey is. “There were moments when one’s past came back to one… but it came in the shape of an unrestful and noisy dream, remembered with wonder amongst the overwhelming realities of this strange world of plants, and water, and silence. And this stillness of life did not in the least resemble a peace” (Conrad 30). While traveling deeper into the river, Marlow starts to become aware that unconsciousness of his life, is better than constantly being reminded of events. He wants to concentrate on getting to Kurtz, but his “unrestful” and “noisy” …show more content…
While unaware of what goes on in Africa, the Intended and Aunt live happy lives, but once the Intended becomes aware, she goes into a state of depression. Conrad uses the Congo to represent a female figure, exemplifying that the farther Marlow goes up the river, the more he realizes that knowing awareness of his past, affects his journey in a negative way. Lastly, the fates and the mistress’s awareness leads to freedom which results in opposing society and acting different. Although society prefers awareness over unawareness, in the end, unawareness seems to make others live a happy
Looking at the book from a psychological viewpoint, there are apparent similarities to the psychological theories of Sigmund Freud in its suggestion that dreams are a clue to hidden areas of the mind, and that at the heart of things--which Freud called the Id--we are all primitive brutes and savages, capable of the most appalling wishes and the most horrifying impulses. Through Freud, or other systems of thought that resemble Freud's, we can make sense of “the urge Marlow feels to leave his boat and join the natives for a savage whoop and hollar” (Tessitore, 42). We might even, in this light, notice that Marlow keeps insisting that Kurtz is a voice--a voice who seems to speak to him out of the heart of the immense darkness--and so perhaps he can be thought of, in a sense, as the voice of Marlow's own deepest, psychological self. Of course, we must remember that it is doubtful Conrad had ever heard Sigmund Freud when he set out to write the book. Although a psychological viewpoint is very useful, it does not speak to the whole of our experience of the book.
The realism movement of the late nineteenth century produced works in literature that were marked by reduced sentimentality and increased objectivity. The goal was to let details tell the story, and remove noticeable bias of the author through scientific and detailed descriptions. While this form of storytelling undoubtedly is most accurate, it creates difficulties for authors to incorporate their themes into the story. This resulted in an increase in symbolism in realist works. The objects and descriptions within the story are the author’s vehicle for displaying the values and themes of the work. Light and darkness are symbols commonly used in literature, and have held specific symbolic meanings for hundreds of years. Simply stated, light commonly symbolizes good, while darkness symbolizes its antithesis - evil. (Cooper) For centuries light vs. dark has been quite possibly the most common symbol in all literature. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad uses detail to create a feeling that transcends the literal text - most notably through his use of light and dark and the inversion of their traditional meanings. The end goal of this inversion is the establishment of the theme that not everything is as it seems. More specifically, Conrad uses detailed imagery of light and dark to show often times white men can be more savage than the natives.
Joseph Conrad states that “they, the women are out of it, should be out of it. We must help them to stay in that beautiful world of their own.” (pg.122) In The Heart of Darkness women are portrayed as naive, innocent creatures who cannot face reality or the truth, hence they remain delusional. A perfect example of this is the Intended, who is incapable of accepting the truth and is the only character who remains in her delusional world. Conrad describes the women in a stereotypical, old-fashioned manner and this is why he receives criticism from Nina Pelikan, who says, “Marlow presents a world distinctly spilled into male and female realms, the first harbouring the possibility of truth and the second dedicated to the maintenance of delusion.” In The Heart of Darkness, Conrad has exhibited a male dominant society where men have the upper hand and women are subservient to men. The Intended is a perfect example of this, she remained servile to Kurtz, who was the dominant figure in her life and controlled everything. Conrad shows the innocence of women in the beginning when Marlow’s aunt views him as an emissary of light who will educate the African native, but Marlow tells her that the company is run for profit, not missionary work and later tells his friends how women are out of touch with the truth. It is ironic how Conrad depicts women as a symbolism for innocence, yet it is the women who facilitate the men at
Marlow sits in Mr. Kurtz’s fiancée’s parlor, observing the Intended as she stretches her arms across a window. The simple gesture reminds Marlow of Kurtz’s mistress in the Congo, the one “bedecked with powerless charms, stretching bare brown arms over the glitter of the infernal stream, the stream of darkness” (71). He watches the Intended as she mourns the loss of her lover and then realizes that he must lie to her to prevent shattering her heart. Throughout The Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad supports William Saroyan’s quote, “Despise evil and ungodliness, but not men of ungodliness or evil. These understand,” by illustrating the varying degree of savageness in men; he reveals the goodness in men one expects to be evil through his depiction of Africans.
Conrad’s shifting setting introduces new environments and attitudes for Marlow to cope with. Marlow begins the novel in “a narrow and deserted street in deep shadow, [with] high houses, innumerable windows with venetian blinds, a dead silence, grass sprouting right and left, [and] immense double doors standing ponderously ajar” (Conrad 45). Nearly all of the surroundings have intimidating connotations, which surprisingly fight Marlow into a comfortably safe and secure standing. Marlow notices the map in the office, and examines it to see just where his travels will take him. After observing the map, he points out that he was not going to the points of Africa that seem welcoming but he “was going into the yellow. Dead in the centre. And the river was there – fascinating – deadly – like a snake” (45). He already realizes he will have trouble transitioning into the new environment, being surrounded by what seems like death. Because Marlow grows accustomed to the urbanized streets of Brussels, the difficulty of the transition to the Congo develops exponentially. Before Marlow knows it, he travels to a land with “trees, tress, millions of trees, massive, immense, running up high” and they “made [him] feel very small, very lost” (75). Marlow, already apprehensive of the change to the Congo, shows his loss of confidence in his new environment.
In his novel Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad portrays the role of a woman to be the source that the man relies on when he can no longer bear the harsh realities of the world, and utilizes the idealistic world she creates to obtain a small sliver of hope for the future. He uses the character Kurtz, a European captain who is searching for ivory in the heart of the Congo in Africa, to display how a man will need a woman and her world in order to keep his sanity. When entering the world of the woman, the man will be able to find comfort because he is able to take a break from the real world and find solace in the world of the woman, using her as an audience to display his emotions to. The solace that the man finds in the woman is a way to keep his sanity because the truths that one discovers may leave one with pain and emotions that can drive him mad, while a woman's separate world may cause one to become blind from the actualities of society, the temporary blindness will help not only a man but also the woman to continue to have high hopes and ambitions in order to save themselves from falling into the wrath of reality and succumbing to the darkness that may cause one to fall victim to savagery due to embracing too much pain that comes from the reality.
As Marlow assists the reader in understanding the story he tells, many inversions and contrasts are utilized in order to increase apperception of the true meaning it holds. One of the most commonly occurring divergences is the un orthodox implications that light and dark embody. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness brims with paradoxes and symbolism throughout its entirety, with the intent of assisting the reader in comprehending the truth of not only human nature, but of the world.
Without personal access to authors, readers are left to themselves to interpret literature. This can become challenging with more difficult texts, such as Joseph Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness. Fortunately, literary audiences are not abandoned to flounder in pieces such as this; active readers may look through many different lenses to see possible meanings in a work. For example, Conrad’s Heart of Darkness may be deciphered with a post-colonial, feminist, or archetypal mindset, or analyzed with Freudian psycho-analytic theory. The latter two would effectively reveal the greater roles of Kurtz and Marlow as the id and the ego, respectively, and offer the opportunity to draw a conclusion about the work as a whole.
Literature is never interpreted in exactly the same way by two different readers. A prime example of a work of literature that is very ambiguous is Joseph Conrad's, "Heart of Darkness". The Ambiguities that exist in this book are Marlow's relationship to colonialism, Marlow's changing feelings toward Kurtz, and Marlow's lie to the Intended at the end of the story.
It seems that from the very beginning of the conundrum of life rules are ingrained into human mental system. Humans beings are taught by their parents to listen, their teachers to raise their hands, and their governments to maintain order. Human beings have an innate need for structure and order within their lives, which is something that vanishes with the increase of age. To fill the void of structureless societies and to find the truth about themselves; humans look to omniscient deities.
When read at face value, Joseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness, is a portrayal of white, imperial, oppression of the African natives of the Congo. However, when we view the writing through the lenses of psychoanalysis and feminism, a story focused on one character, Marlow, emerges. Each theory presents a new way of interpreting and understanding the character development and imagery within the story. Psychoanalysis provides a look into the mind and dreamlike setting of Marlow. Feminism examines the binary gender roles of the characters, Marlow and Kurtz. Both theories examine how these two characters are in some way the same person.
This story is set in the backdrop of the Congo River, in the African jungles. Joseph Conrad, the author of this novel himself had piloted a small steamboat up the Congo River amidst a dense land which was being heartlessly exploited as the private property of King Leopold. Although Conrad wasn’t to meet any Kurtz, the entire experience of the journey left him morally, mentally and physically crippled. Thus, this novel possesses many auto-biographical elements as Conrad has included many inferences based on his own experience in the African jungle. And this also heavily impacts the psychological nuances which the characters in the story go through.
Modernism began as a movement in that late 19th, early 20th centuries. Artists started to feel restricted by the styles and conventions of the Renaissance period. Thusly came the dawn of Modernism in many different forms, ranging from Impressionism to Cubism.
Upon meeting Kurtz’s wife, Marlow decides to lie to her, attempting to protect her from the darkness. As Kurtz’s fiancé begs for Marlow to repeat Kurtz’s last words, Marlow lies: “The heavens do not fall for such a trifle. Would they have fallen, I wonder, if I had rendered Kurtz that justice which was his due…but I couldn’t. I could not tell her. It would have been too dark—too dark altogether…” (Conrad 72). Marlow lies to Kurtz’s fiancé in an attempt to protect her from the darkness. After witnessing the darkness of imperialism, Marlow realizes heaven does not fall for the darkness of mankind, so it will not fall for a lie. Upon this realization, Marlow becomes aware of the darkness not only in the jungle, but also back home. As Marlow completes his story, his lie to Kurtz’s fiancé causes Marlow to realize the unavoidable darkness for humanity. After completing his story, Marlow looks up, only to understand how unavoidable darkness really is: “The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under an overcast sky—seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness” (Conrad 72). As a result of telling his story, Marlow realizes the darkness of mankind is not only a result of imperialism, but also a result of existence. Lying to Kurtz’s fiancé completes Marlow’s realization of
Throughout The Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad (personified in the book as Charlie Marlow) conveys his belief that women, in their belief of a better world one that men do not see, are mentally of an unconnected planet of their own. Conrad imparts the reader with the many reasons why women think this way and why men continue to let this be. He also shows the reader what he thinks a woman’s role is and what it should be. By the end Conrad communicates that the blackness of Earth is all around us and to tell these women who do not see the world in this way, would in turn be an even darker act.