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Nicomachean ethics topics
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Nicomachean ethics topics
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Ignorance and Willingness In Nicomachean Ethics Book III, Aristotle depicts actions assumed in ignorance and caused by ignorance (Aristotle). Aristotle further enlightens the individual actions as being voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary. The following further explains Aristotle’s views of ignorance and whether the act of the individual is accomplished willingly, non-willingly or unwillingly.
This is a depiction of Aristotle’s diverse definitions of individuals performing acts as voluntary, involuntary and non-voluntary. The voluntary individual is willing and able to perform the action. After accomplishing the action and the individual comes to regret that action, then that person becomes unwilling. According to philosophy professor
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Blaming the licentious individual may seem rational, however the true culprit could be the act itself. Moreover, the person may not understand their action, which also exemplifies an act done in ignorance. When an action is caused by ignorance, “…blameworthiness – the fact that excuses operate at the level of particular descriptions of the agent’s actions –” emerges (The Factual Ignorance Excuse). After all, based on ignorance of particulars determines whether or not an action is blameworthy. According to The Factual Ignorance Excuse, an article from the University of Oxford’s website, “…excuses can operate at the level of particular action-descriptions, as well as at the level of the agent’s conduct as a whole, or his actions at a particular time” (The Factual Ignorance Excuse). Moreover, if the individual acts out of ignorance, they may be excused from their action. Individuals continuously analyze Aristotle’s works and presumably will continue in the following generations. However, the works of Aristotle may be tricky to understand. Yet this analysis of Aristotle’s explanations of ignorance and willingness should be better understood after this
''Why blameworthiness is the wrong question'' is an informative article that exposes the reasons why the concept blameworthiness is the wrong word to ask in the legal argot. Eagleman proposes to replace the term with the word modifiability, which is a forward-looking term that will help build a social policy based on evidence. The relationship between human biology and the concept of free will, the reasons why blameworthiness is not the correct question and a forward-looking, brain-compatible legal system are the main points the author arguments on. I. Human biology and the concept of free will. Legal systems rest on the assumption that human beings have free will and are completely capable of making their own decisions.
Another case would be the Robert Harris article by Miles Corwin, that analyzes the murder of two teen boys. In this case, it was discovered that Robert Harris and his brother Daniel tried to rob a bank using the teen’s car. Robert promised he wouldn't kill them and they had no other choice to believe him. As they walked away, he shot one of them. The other then ran, but was shot and killed. Robert then came back and killed the almost lifeless boy. Devastating enough, he then proceeded to eat the lunch the two left behind, 15 minutes following the crime. Normally, someone would say that what he did should never be forgiven because he chose to kill them, but after learning about his childhood, one would argue otherwise. Based on the terrible events that occurred throughout his life, for example the hatred and the multiple assaults, that person would then think about the fact that maybe it wasn’t his fault; that maybe he didn’t have control over his impulses. No matter how many examples are given, the debate never ceases and the real question pops up. Is what the person believes fact, or
17, No. 3, p. 252-259. Urmson, J.O., (1988). Aristotle’s Ethics (Blackwell), ch.1. Wilkes, K.V., (1978). The Good Man and the Good for Man in Aristotle’s Ethics. Mind 87; repr.
I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. In this essay I will talk about the three different kinds of friendship that (Utility, Pleasure, and Goodness) that Aristotle claims exist. I will also discuss later in my paper why Aristotle believes that Goodness is the best type of friendship over Utility or Pleasure. In addition to that I will also talk about the similarities and differences that these three friendships share between one another. And lastly I will argue why I personally agree with Aristotle and his feelings on how friendship and virtue go hand in hand and depend on each other.
For many years the writings of Aristotle have been translated and dissected by intellectuals from around the globe. Our textbook that we use in class also includes his ethical views because of how well known he is even though he lived around the time of 300 BC. Aristotle is among most notable and recognizable philosophers that are still being talked about to this day. For this epistolary essay, I want to discuss the views Aristotle had on habit, the mean, and the noble as told from the point of view of Joe Sachs, the writer of this particular entry, who inserts his opinion from time to time.
Scapegoating is when a person irrationally blames their failures on others, therefore not taking responsibility themselves. The “scapegoating theory says that prejudiced people believe they are society’s victims” (Schaefer 38). It is always someone else’s fault that things do not go their way and the person “… transfers the responsibility for failure to some vulnerable group” (Schaefer 38).
Gakuran, Michael. "Aristotle’s Moral Philosophy | Gakuranman • Adventure First." Gakuranman Adventure First RSS. N.p., 21 May 2008. Web.
In conclusion, it remains that, even after being around for over 2000 years, Aristotle’s philosophy on human nature remains one of the most accurate questions to the eternal question of “what is human nature?” It may not, in the end, prove to be the correct answer to the question, in fact, it may very well be possible that there is no definite answer possible. But until scholars and students in programs such as ours can find a suitable replacement, his analysis will remain superior to all others.
Failure to act in criminal law can result to an unlawful act because the criminal law imposes a duty to act. If a person doesn’t perform that act then they will be liable and guilty.doing nothing will cause actus reus to happen. Sometimes a person will be liable for failing to act. Generally principle remains that a person isn’t guilty for not wanting to do something. There are two types of of liability for omission. The first is the breach of duty to act. The second is the liability for failing to intervene.
It can be argued that negligence should never be enough to warrant a sufficiency of culpability for a serious offence when they did not foresee they might bring about the result of the offence. There are various reasons to support the idea that culpability lies in choosing to act wrongly, therefore negligence should not be enough to be convicted of a serious criminal offence.
One of my personal experiences of Fundamental Attribution Error happened in Prague. One of my friends came late for meeting with me in early morning, and I had an opinion that this person is not punctual and lazy to dress up earlier. One week later I came late for different meeting with exactly the same friend, but I tried to explain my delay with other reasons; such as my tram was broken. After that, I asked...
In this essay, I will describe the elements of a criminal act, address the law of factual impossibility, the law of legal impossibility, and distinguish whether the alleged crime in the scenario is a complete but imperfect attempt or an incomplete attempt. I will address the ethical or moralistic concerns associated with allowing a criminal defendant to avoid criminal responsibility by successfully asserting a legal defense such as impossibility. The court was clearly wrong to dismiss the charge against Jack of attempted murder of Bert.
To be criminally liable of any crime in the UK, a jury has to prove beyond reasonable doubt, that the defendant committed the Actus Reus and the Mens Rea. The Actus Reus is the physical element of the crime; it is Latin for ‘guilty act’. The defendant’s act must be voluntary, for criminal liability to be proven. The Mens Rea is Latin for guilty mind; it is the most difficult to prove of the two. To be pronounced guilty of a crime, the Mens Rea requires that the defendant planned, his or her actions before enacting them. There are two types of Mens Rea; direct intention and oblique intention. Direct intention ‘corresponds with everyday definition of intention, and applies where the accused actually wants the result that occurs, and sets out to achieve it’ (Elliot & Quinn, 2010: 59). Oblique intention is when the ‘accused did not desire a particular result but in acting he or she did realise that it might occur’ (Elliot & Quinn, 2010: 60). I will illustrate, by using relevant case law, the difference between direct intention and oblique intention.
Aristotle’s thoughts on ethics conclude that all humans must have a purpose in life in order to be happy. I believe that some of the basics of his ideas still hold true today. This essay points out some of those ideas.
Furthermore, the way people perceive things can also be influenced by the emotion and this is called as selective perception. The virtues and vices can be included in one’s perception on things or to other people. According to the writer, S.Nancy, 1989, “Virtues are defined as states by which we stand well or badly with regard to feelings”. For example, if someone is hating the other one, even for something good, he or she will deny the good side of that person because of bad perception that he or she has on that particular person. People can be responding on their emotional sensitivity to act on certain circumstances. The important point by Aristotle on the perception was it is not just our perception on things what matters but the perception and emotional impact from others to our presence determine whether we become vulnerable to them. Aristotle added that our per...