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Problems with racism in literature
How does literature have an affect on racism
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In If He Hollers Let Him Go by Chester Himes writes of an intelligent but conflicted man, Bob Jones, who relocates himself from Ohio to California in search to find a better life and job. Along with financial benefits, Bob also hopes for social mobility when he meets Alice. However, Bob soon finds race to be controlling much of what he sees and experiences in Los Angeles, California. Fear and panic dominate Bob’s world and his nightmares are soon indistinguishable from his reality. The novel’s insight, gained from the real life interests of its author Chester Himes, explores the experiences Himes felt in his 1972 autobiography, “Los Angeles hurt me racially as much as any city I have ever known - much more than any city I remembered from …show more content…
the South.” Himes meant that his racist experiences in Los Angeles were worse than any racist experience in the South. This is because the South is clear cut racism however, California was known for great opportunity, yet Bob Jones finds those opportunities being far from true. In Bob’s pursuit to find the American Dream, he learns that black men are prevented from success unless they accept the view that society gives them, being a “nigger.” As an assistant foreman in a predominantly white environment, Bob hopes for respect and acceptance, however that is exactly opposite of what he receives.
Bob was told by his coworker Don that he could borrow one of his tackers, Madge. Upon first meeting Madge she immediately made it clear that she was not going to help him and exclaimed, “I ain’t gonna work with no nigger!” Bob soon realizes after talking with his department superintendent, MacDougal, that he was only promoted to gain the cooperation of black workers. He becomes aware of the responsibilities he must take on in order to keep his position, however with his frustrations he begins to struggle with murderous intentions and complete collapse. Further into the chapter we see Bob continue to become frustrated when his personal belief of power becomes questioned. After winning a dice game, the whites deny his winnings and tell Bob, “You’ll take hell, you nigger bastard.” Bob immediately snaps and kicks the white man that called him a “nigger.” Bob knows that he is outnumbered and therefore cannot win the fight, however he kicks the man anyways. We see that whenever Bob’s power is threatened, he loses all self-restraint and his anger and frustration takes
over. Not only is Bob’s power threatened throughout the novel, but his masculinity is as well. We see Bob use his sexual identity to express his masculinity throughout the course of the novel, specifically his relationship with Madge. Bob desires to have sex with Madge because she is a white woman, and Bob sees having sex with her “whiteness” as a sense of power. Even though Madge can control Bob’s power with just one word, “rape” Bob feels that during sex he will have the ultimate power.
The transition of being a black man in a time just after slavery was a hard one. A black man had to prove himself at the same time had to come to terms with the fact that he would never amount to much in a white dominated country. Some young black men did actually make it but it was a long and bitter road. Most young men fell into the same trappings as the narrator’s brother. Times were hard and most young boys growing up in Harlem were swept off their feet by the onslaught of change. For American blacks in the middle of the twentieth century, racism is another of the dark forces of destruction and meaninglessness which must be endured. Beauty, joy, triumph, security, suffering, and sorrow are all creations of community, especially of family and family-like groups. They are temporary havens from the world''s trouble, and they are also the meanings of human life.
Racism as we all know it is very disturbing, annoying, and is not tolerable. This story is based on life on a foundation of segregation and dangers of racism. This one novel is placed in a small, under-populated city of Vermont, where a family of three, the Sutters, another family of 3, the Hirsch's with a caring person, named Sara Chickering, and some people face many problems and solutions in their lives.
Hodes article places itself in the theoretical framing of Fields, Holt, and Stoler to argue “the scrutiny of day-to-day lives demonstrates not only the mutability of race but also, and with equal force, the abiding power of race in local settings.” By examining Eunice’s day-to-day experience, Hodes seeks to show how even though the identifiability of race may change from place-to-place and period-to-period, the power of race to effect lives is not challenged. Eunice’s story is an interesting one to highlight the changing nature of race construction. After the death of Eunice’s first husband, she found herself forced to do work she previously saw as work of black women. This helps strengthen Hodes’ argument of the power of race because just as Eunice was forced to work these jobs to survive, so...
The sad reality of life is that very few people fight oppression. Most talk about independence, but eventually most settle into a life that not even knowing someone else is in charge. In the Pit and the Pendulum, the narrator is ruled by his torturers and in Young Goodman Brown, the narrator is ruled by the Devil. Even though the narrator from the former story was ruled by his torturers, he maintained a more optimistic outlook on his challenges than Brown, who let the Devil take control and lost all hope in the world, proving that optimism is truly the key to success.
After Bobby admits his racism to the class, the other students don’t draw any lessons out of it thus, “nothing had changed” for these students. Instead, the “the dark clouds of 1945” make them become afraid where they can completely block out an issue of racism. This next device helps develop another idea to the text, an anaphora when he writes that, “The last time I saw Bobby Hefka he was driving / a milk truck for Dairy Cream, he was married…He handed / me an icy quart bottle of milk” (43-48). By Levine repeating the phrase “he” the message that’s emphasized is that even though he is racist he is still a normal human being. Levine’s hidden meaning behind this device is that due to society, ignoring concerns, Bobby’s racism was able to remain through his adult life. However, now that the dark clouds have passed society will begin to judge his views and people such as Mr. Jaslow will want to confront his
Michael Cunningham’s “White Angel” is not merely a story about two boys growing up in a small town in Ohio in the 1960s. This is a story about the shattered innocence of America through historical events in their era, such as, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Vietnam War. The narrator of this story is nine year old boy, Bobby or “Frisco,” who symbolizes the somber reality of the history of this decade. The narrator’s point of view is strong, Frisco believes his own voice is weak and un-wise, however he shows great bravery, humility and control throughout this piece. Frisco takes risks, although they are thoughtfully calculated. He views the world with great admiration through his older, sixteen year
The history of racial and class stratification in Los Angeles has created tension amongst and within groups of people. Southland, by Nina Revoyr, reveals how stratification influences a young Asian woman to abandon her past in order to try and fully integrate herself into society. The group divisions are presented as being personal divisions through the portrayal of a generational gap between the protagonist, Jackie, and her grandfather. Jackie speaks of her relationship with Rebecca explaining her reasons why she could never go for her. Jackie claims that “she looked Asian enough to turn Jackie off” (Revoyr, 2003, p. 105). Unlike her grandfather who had a good sense of where he came from and embraced it, Jackie rejected her racial background completely. Jackie has been detached from her past and ethnicity. This is why she could never be with Rebecca, Jackie thought of her as a “mirror she didn’t want to look into”. Rebecca was everything Jackie was tr...
Sherman Alexie’s Gentrification first sets out to show the effect a white man has on his black community, but ends out taking a deeper dive into the protagonist, instead. Gentrification is littered with the internal struggles this person faces as a minority in his community. The white protagonist of this short story appears very self-conscious of his race, perhaps even apologetic.
In 1912, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man was anonymously published by James Weldon Johnson. It is the narrative of a light-skinned man wedged between two racial categories; the offspring of a white father and a black mother, The Ex-Colored man is visibly white but legally classified as black. Wedged between these two racial categories, the man chooses to “pass” to the white society. In Passing: When People Can’t Be Who They Are, Brooke Kroeger describes “passing” as an act when “people effectively present themselves as other than who they understand themselves to be” (Kroeger 7). The Ex-Colored Man’s choice to ultimately “pass” at the end of the novel has been the cause of controversy amongst readers. Many claim his choice to “pass” results from racial self-hatred or rejecting his race. Although this may be true, the main reason for his choice to “pass” is more intense. The narrator’s “passing” is an effort to place himself in a safe living environment, open himself up to greater opportunities and be adventurous and cynical in his success to fool the nation. It is because of his light skin that The Ex-Colored Man confidently knows the world will categorize him as white; thus cowardly disclaiming his black race without actually disclosing his decision.
If He Hollers Let Him Go by Chester Himes touches on many ideas of race relations: the tension between African Americans and whites, interracial sex, and the social stress that was put on by World War II. Alice, having lighter skin, uses it to her advantage and passes as a white woman. She always completely dismisses her black side to the point where she is not oppressed like other, darker skinned, African Americans. Madge, on the other hand, is a white woman and knows how to use that to her advantage as she gains power over Bob. Both characters use race as a way to describe their identity. One is powerful and another is hiding behind a mask. Another way that Alice and Madge are similar, are ashamed of reaching outside of their bubble.
Many writers focus their works of written art on life situations. They focus on drugs, poverty, stereotypes, young adults living in a difficult world, and of course a topic that has been present for many years, male domination. Abraham Rodriguez Jr. in “The Boy Without a Flag” captures all these themes and more in his Tales of the South Bronx, that relate to the lives of many Hispanics and minority residents of the United States.
The main character is completely alienated from the world around him. He is a black man living in a white world, a man who was born in the South but is now living in the North, and his only form of companionship is his dying wife, Laura, whom he is desperate to save. He is unable to work since he has no birth certificate—no official identity. Without a job he is unable to make his mark in the world, and if his wife dies, not only would he lose his lover but also any evidence that he ever existed. As the story progresses he loses his own awareness of his identity—“somehow he had forgotten his own name.” The author emphasizes the main character’s mistreatment in life by white society during a vivid recollection of an event in his childhood when he was chased by a train filled with “white people laughing as he ran screaming,” a hallucination which was triggered by his exploration of the “old scars” on his body. This connection between alienation and oppression highlight Ellison’s central idea.
Ambrose Bierce was the last to come to California. He was not only attracted by California’s local color and the recent gold rush, but also by a story of interracial and gender. His bitter story The Haunted Valley “captured some of the icy truths that most Californians wanted to ignore.” (Hurtado 140).
At first, Wright learned to fulfill a submissive role and not exceed his place, through lessons taught by his mother, family, and colleagues. However, Wright still got into trouble, and was dissatisfied. Therefore, as evidenced when he takes the Memphis job and in the elevator encounter, he found a new method. Specifically, “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow” became more about manipulation, so Wright could attempt to learn and salvage his pride. Although Jim Crow laws are no longer around, and race relations have improved tremendously, there is always more that can be done. This is evident in the fact that the OCC security officer did not offer the African American boy any assistance, when I know for a fact if I, with my porcelain skin, blue eyes, and blonde hair, would have asked for help, he likely would have took me to my car and helped me retrieve my
This novel written by Chester Himes is an interesting story that takes place in Los Angeles during the 1940’s. If he Hollers let Him Go is focused on the main character, Bob Jones. He is a black man that lives in panic and misery every single day of his life because of his race and color. Bob Jones lived in Cleveland, Ohio, most of his life but got tired of it because he realized it wasn’t the land of the free or the home of the brave. He had also gotten refused back into Cleveland many times because of his color. That is why Bob Jones left Cleveland to Los Angeles. He left because he was getting refused work while white boys were getting hired from the line behind him. When Bob Jones first came to California he didn’t realized what racism