Human Nature In The Iliad

Human nature can simultaneously drive humanity to victory or push them off the edge into despair. In times of extreme circumstance, the human species tap into their more primal responses to think in terms of survival instead of logic. Because the Iliad and History of the Peloponnesian War contain influences from the Gods in paradoxical amounts but still fall to the same incivility, the idea that anything but our most basic instincts being able to control mankind in stressful moments is dispelled which exemplifies that human nature is the most influential factor in survival proving that there is no individual in control of their moira.

Although the Homeric society had Gods to lead its character, still emotion was able to overtake logic and calculated moves in war. Achilles was warned that “[He is] destined for both an early death and misery beyond compare” (Il. 1.438-439) yet, he continues to fight for tîmê and kleos. The pride that comes from success on the battlefield is worth much more than being in safe. Half man, half god, Achilles innately had a more complete scope of the world after his actions. Even though

But now they all die, every last Trojan” ( Il. 21.106-109). Achilles proves with conflicting sentiments that he is guided by his mênis. Primal reactions are overtaking more logical thought processes. His repressed nature is awakened and he strays away from civility. The creation of poleis allows “[For] times of peace and prosperity cities and individuals alike follow higher standards, because they are not forced into a situation where they have to do what they do not want to do.” (HPW. 3.82). When the cities go, humanity follows. Without nomos, humans fall back on their phûsis, living just to survive to the next day, not caring for the long term effects of their