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Literature review on multiple intelligences
Essay on gardners theory of multiple intelligence
Essays on Gardners theory of multiple intelligences
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Recommended: Literature review on multiple intelligences
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences ushered vast changes into the once stagnant learning environments of the education and business worlds. Multiple Intelligence Theory evaluates and considers the educational practice of the last century and provides alternative methods to tap into human intelligence, learning style, personality and behavior, it examines learning on many new levels. Educators and employers who once sat stagnant with no understanding of teaching the difficult or exceptional with traditional ways now had new hopes.
Howard Gardner was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania in 1943 to German Jewish immigrant parents. He went to Harvard University in 1961 to begin studies in history after which he changed his major to social relations studies. Harvard is where he met his early mentors including Erik Erikson, and there is where he became a psychologist and a professor of neuroscience. Harvard is also where he met Bruner, who like Gardner had a deep interest in how children learn. The collaboration of Bruner and Gardner started Gardner’s lifelong interest in pre-collegiate education. Geschwind, another Harvard-trained physician who studied the architecture of the brain, and Goodman who founded an organization to study how children, adults, and organizations learn played large rolls influencing Gardner in his studies on Multiple Intelligences.
In 1983 Gardner released his Theory of Multiple Intelligences for use in the psychology world to understand learning styles. Multiple Intelligences quickly catapulted into the the classroom, into education and business worlds, it challenged traditional beliefs about education and cognitive science, giving opportunities never considered for students or employees. This o...
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...clusion if Multiple Intelligences Theory is practiced in the classroom discipline problems can be significantly reduced. If students who were previously identified as difficult learners are given new tools and methods to learn their abilities will significantly improve thus reducing the issues seen previously. Those seen as discipline problems may in fact be boredom and restlessness due to the ineffectiveness of the lecture to capture their attention.
In Margaret Mead’s words, "weave a social fabric in which each diverse human gift will find a fitting place."
“Intelligence is the capacity to do something useful in the society in which we live. Intelligence is the ability to respond successfully to new situations and the capacity to learn from one’s past experiences.” Dr. Howard Gardner, author, Frames of Mind and Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice.
Howard Gardner grew up in Pennsylvania in the late 1940’s, although his parents were originally from Germany. He attended Harvard as an undergraduate with the hopes of becoming a lawyer and with a major in history. However, as soon as he became the mentee of Erik Erikson, a well-known psychoanalyst, his interests started to change. Gardner entered the doctoral program at Harvard and received his PhD in 1971 with a dissertation on style sensitivity in children. During his years of doctoral study he became a part of the Project Zero, which does research on arts education, and he now co-directs the project. Gardner’s work with Project Zero led to the Project on Human Potential, which resulted in his first well-known book, Frames of Mind. He has written many books since then including, The Shattered Mind and Multiple Intelligences, and he is “currently Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Har...
According to Howard Gardner (1991), every individual is born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. It is unfair to teach and/or assess an individual with a standard guideline or benchmark. This is mainly because every individual possess a different intellectual strength and different kinds of mind that learn, perform and understand in a different ways which is difficult to be changed. If an individual cannot understand the way we communicate, we should communicate in the way they can understand. Howard Gardner (1983), in his Multiple Intelligence Theory, proposes that human intelligence has seven dimensions that should be acknowledged and developed by the encouragement of learning and self-development and
A Harvard graduate, Howard Gardner is a Psychologist who came up with the multiple intelligence. Regarding arts and education, Gardner recounted the curious dearth of literature that obtained at the time
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
According to Ben Michaelis, a person 's intelligence is not measured by how well they perform academically, but by how well they adapt to their situations and environment (Michaelis). The idea that students who attain outstanding grades in school are more intellectual than students who receive poor grades is unfair to all students. In 1983, Dr. Howard Gardner identified different types of intelligence, including interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and musical intelligence (Fiero), so to assume that a person is unintelligent based on poor academic performance is unreasonable. In the article, “What Does it Mean To Be Smart?”, the author gives an example of a woman named Angie to demonstrate that academic intelligence is not the main indication of someone’s overall intelligence (Michaelis). Although she did not excel in an academic setting, she had the ability to adapt to her circumstances and capitalize on her talents and interests to create a successful career for herself (Michaelis). In order to start embracing the different forms of intelligence, society, as a whole, needs to eliminate its fixed mindset about what intelligence
Howard Gardner is the “John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine, and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero” (Gardner bio, Multiple Intelligences and Education, MI Theory, and Project Zero). As director of Project Zero, it provided and environment that Gardner could begin the exploration of human cognition (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Project Zero colleagues have been designing assessment and the use of multiple intelligences (MI) to realize more personalized curriculum, instruction, and teaching methods; and the quality of crossing traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought in education (Gardner bio). MI theories offer tools to educators that will allow more people to master learning in an effective way and to help people “achieve their potential at the workplace, in occupations, and in the service of the wider world” (Gardner papers).
Gardner believes that all people excel in at least one category of intelligence. However, he cautions teachers using the multiple intelligence approach in the classroom: “Do not label kids as ‘spatial, but not linguistic’ or, for that...
Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.
In this paper, I will give a brief overview of Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI). I will also discuss the merits and critiques of the theory in the field of cognitive development. I will also discuss the applicability of Gardner’s theory to my personal development. The final section will cover the application of the theory in a counselling framework. This will be supported by discussing theoretical orientations that would best adopt application of Gardner’s theory.
In closing, implementing only one theory of learning can be limiting to the success of students in a classroom setting. A more effective approach would be “draw from two or more theoretical perspectives… to better capture the complex nature of human thinking and learning” (Ormrod, 2012). According to Howard Gardner, there are multiple intelligences in human individuals that are based on biological and cultural elements (Brualdi, 1996). Since each of the intelligences work independently of each other, but also complement each other individuals learn, teachers should teach accordingly (Brualdi, 1996).
Intelligence typically means the ability of how think and reason, obtain information and how we deal and adapt to situation. Many professionals recommended expanding the definition of intelligence to make it more accurate. In the article “The Human Brain,” written by Pearson, it explains that “new discoveries increase our knowledge of how the brain functions and how people learn.” Yet, all these years of studying intelligence tells us quite little about it. Some believe intelligence represents knowledge not wisdom. Furthermore, there have been many debates about what exactly intelligence is.
In 1983, Howard Gardner a Harvard professor proposed the theory that individual can have multiple ways of learning and processing information. The multiple intelligences consist of 9 different ways and these include: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, existential, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Every individual has a different amount of each intelligence but each intelligence is at a varying level. With the help of a multiple intelligences assessment, I found that my top three multiple intelligences are Intrapersonal, logical, and interpersonal. Within his research Gardner says that “Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people’s ability to recognize and assess those same characteristics
Manner, Barbara M. (2001). Learning Styles and Multiple intelligences in students. Journal of College Science Teaching. 30(6) p 390-93. retrieved April 7, 2003 from Eric/Ebsco database.
The definition of intelligence is quite hard as there are many different aspects including it like emotional, social, logical, creative and practical. Intelligence can be described as the ability to perceive and retain information and apply it to all instances of knowledge, creating understandable modules of any size or complexity. This is also the skill that makes us humans so much different from all other living species on Earth. Due to this very general mental capability we can plan, solve problems, reason, think abstractly, think of complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.