Photocopiers rely on static electricity to perform an incredibly complex process every time you press the copy button. Photocopiers use a photo receptor drum, a metal drum coated in a layer of semiconductor which is usually selenium. The photoconductivity of selenium means that when illuminated photons cause it to conduct electricity but when it is in the dark it is an insulator. When photons hit the Selenium electrons are liberated allowing current to pass through. When you press COPY on a photocopier a complex process begins.
The drum is charged positively by the corona wire; this wire has a very high voltage passed through it and so transfers some to the drum as static electricity.
The drum is coated in a layer of positive ions. A strong lamp is then shone up through glass onto the paper which needs to be photocopied. White areas of paper reflect this light back down, through a series of mirrors and lenses, onto the drum. Black areas (print) just absorb the light. When the light hits the selenium it allows current to flow by liberating electrons, the electrons brought by this voltage applied to the core of the drum neutralise the positive charge on parts of the drum in light so that only black areas are now charged.
Next small beads covered in tiny black plastic powder are rolled over the drum. The powder is attracted to the drum at areas of positive charge because the toner is negatively charged.
Another sheet of paper is charged strongly by the corona wire because this charge is greater than the charge on the drum, when the paper is passed over the drum the toner particles stick to it rather than the drum.
When the paper has the toner on it, it passes through heated rollers which melt the black plastic onto the paper so that it is not held with just a weak charge.
the strands to seperate, then cooled to allow the primers in the solution to b...
As she is still traveling the woods, she continues to have many obstacles come her way. Phoenix has to walk down a big hill, but as that was happening a bush caught her dress. She couldn’t be slowed down now and that is when she says "I in the thorny bush. 'Thorns, you doing your appointed work, never want to let folks pass- no, sir." (Welty). The author shows ambition through these words. Although her dress is caught in a bush, nothing is going to stop her from getting to her grandson 's medicine. She has come to far to give up now. After awhile, Phoenix decides to stop and rest by a tree and has to go through a barbed-wire fence. "There she had to creep and crawl, spreading her knees and stretching her fingers like a baby trying to climb steps" (Welty). Ambition appears. Phoenix is an old woman who can barely walk and now she is on her hands and knees crawling through a fence because she is willing to get to her destination by any
Electrons move into the zinc strip and travel up the wire attached. The electrons then travel through the voltmeter which measures the voltage drop and end up in the copper strip which becomes the positive end of the
The purpose of this lab was to figure out how much energy and weight from the dart was needed to puncture the plastic film, or causing it to fail. Molecularly, the lab was testing to see if there was enough weight to break the bonds that make up the plastic film. Physically, if the energy and weight was powerful enough, then this would create a hole in the plastic film upon contact with the dart. The critical parts of this machine were the “O” ring and the weights. During this lab it was important the the “O” ring was functioning properly. This meaning that the “O” ring could hold the plastic film taut in order to accurately determine how much energy was needed to tear the film. Also, the weights were important because the weights were crucial
Create wells: put a comb template in the middle of the tray; wait until the mixture becomes solid. After, remove the comb standing straight. 4. Remove rubber ends: transfer the gel tray into the horizontal electrophoresis and fill it with the concentrated electrophoresis buffer. 5. Materials and methods: Experiment: 1st, prepared milk samples should be already done by the teacher.
The criminal justice system is made up of several different aspects that help operate it as smoothly as possible. A relatively new and promising feature of the criminal justice is restorative justice. Restorative justice looks at rehabilitating offenders and reconciling them with their victims and the families. The practices found in restorative justice differ from the adversarial system; they include victim-offender mediation, circle sentencing and restitution to the victims. This paper will discuss how restorative justice practices work and the positive outcomes that follow a restorative justice framework. Restorative justice offers a healthier outcome for both victims and offenders and suggests that a more retributive justice system does
Firearms today use cartridges, and cartridges are made up of various parts that all work together to make sure that the
The idea of printing and the mass production of images had been around for several hundred years at the time of the invention of lithography in the late 18th century. Lithography provided an easier method to printing that no longer involved carving out metal plates. Lithography utilized the chemical properties of oil and water to create a template that could be easily created and reused. The technique involves creating a base plate from a type of stone such as limestone. The desired image is then drawn onto the stone with a “crayon-like” object that leaves an oily substance on the surface. The surface of the stone is then etched and wetted with water. An oil-based ink is then applied over the entire surface, the ink will only adhere to the areas that are coated with the greasy substance and
... be less likely to smear the prints. Large objects should be fastened down with string on wood or heavy cardboard (Andrus et al., n.d., para 53). Papers and documents need to be individually placed in a cellophane or manila envelope which needs to be placed in between two sheets of cardboard paper. It can then be placed in a box for mailing.
First, a rabbits fur or cotton cloth was rubbed over a metal plate that was coated with sulfur. This rubbing charged the plate with static energy. Then the charged plate was placed beneath a piece of glass where from above the material to be copied was inked. Then the metal plate and glass were exposed to a bright source of light for a couple seconds. The success of the whole process depended on if the light source lost the sulfur coatings charge. If the process this far worked than the very intense light produced emplaced an image on the material that was being copied. The image was invisible until dusting some electroscopic powder onto the metal palate which attracted the areas where the light might not of fully reached. Also to make the powdered image permanent, a piece of wax coated paper was pressed over the metal plate, and thus the copier
...restorative justice erodes legal rights; restorative justice results in net-widening; restorative justice trivializes crime (particularly men's violence against women); restorative justice fails to "restore" victims and offenders; restorative justice fails to effect real change and to prevent recidivism; restorative justice results in discriminatory outcomes; restorative justice extends police powers; restorative justice leaves power imbalances untouched; restorative justice leads to vigilantism; restorative justice lacks legitimacy; and restorative justice fails to provide "justice".[72]
There are various terms that are associated with Enterprise Data Management. Some of these terms are UML, OLAP, OLTP, Data Warehouse, Data Mart and Multi-Tier Architecture. Subsequently, these terms were covered during the five week course of DMB405 and will be explained in further detail throughout the course of the paper. Although the paper will not be all inclusive to the detail of each term, it will touch upon the definition, their use and their place in Enterprise Data Management. The first term that will be discussed is UML and how it relates to the subject at hand.
According to Mr. Solar.com, “this type of energy production, known as the Photovoltaic Effect, is achieved by solar panels converting sunlight into energy. Solar panels are made up of several individual solar cells, composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the sunlight’s photons and by doing so initiate an electric current, producing electrons. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into an electric field generated by the solar cells, which then pull these free electrons into a DC or directional current.” This electricity then proceeds to a mechanical room beneath our house to a charge controller, which regulates the amount of energy sent to our 24V batteries to be stored.
(Bushong, 2013, p. 405). This phenomenon of electron emission following light stimulation is called photoemission. The emission of just one electron through photoemission is dependent upon numerous light photons. The amount of electrons produced by the photocathode is directly proportional to how much light reaches it from the input phosphor, which is directly proportional to the intensity of the initial x-ray beam. These electrons will be accelerated to the anode where they will pass through a small hole to the output phosphor.
The basic process of making paper has not changed in more than 2000 years. It involves two stages: the breaking up of raw materials in water to make a suspension of individual fibbers and the formation of felted sheets by spreading this suspension on a porous surface, to drain excess water. The essential steps of papermaking by machine are identical with those of hand papermaking just much more complex. The first step in machine papermaking is the preparation of the raw material. For centuries, the main raw materials used in papermaking were cotton and linen fibbers obtained from rags. Today more than 95 percent of paper is made from wood cellulose. Wood is used mainly for the cheapest grades of paper, such as newsprint. Cotton and linen fibbers are still used for high quality writing and artist’s papers. Many kinds of wood can be used such as aspen, beach, birch fir, gum, hemlock, oak, pine, and spruce.