The Xi Xia, also known as the Western Xia Dynasty was a kingdom populated by the Tanguts. As a fairly small state, Xi Xia struggled for dominance with its larger and more powerful neighbors, the Liao, the Jin, and the Song dynasty. Afterward, the Mongol Empire emerged and saw the benefits of taking over Xi Xia. The Mongols launched their first invasion on Xi Xia in 1209, but the Xi Xia was able to withstand it. However, in 1227, the Mongols were able to succeed in taking over Xi Xia with a complete annihilation. The Mongols were able to conquer Xi Xia because of their motivation in conquering Xi Xia, the Mongols’ informants that were sent throughout China, the vulnerability of Xi Xia’s location, the Mongols’ alliance with the Ongut, the …show more content…
expansion of the Mongols surrounding Xi Xia, the inability of Xi Xia getting assistance to face the Mongols, the Xi Xia becoming fragile to the Mongols, and the concealed death of Genghis Khan by the Mongols. The Mongols were highly motivated to conquer Xi Xia because of Jin Dynasty’s wealth and Xi Xia’s refusal to aid them in encountering the Khwarazm. In the beginning, the Mongols decided to invade Xi Xia because they were tempted by the richer and wealthier Jin Dynasty. They wanted to conquer Jin Dynasty and take all the wealth but the Dynasty was well-defended. Jin Dynasty had many walled cities and its location was hard to reach because of the mountains along the way. However, the Mongols’ motivation of getting Jin’s wealth had drove them to take over Xi Xia and turn it into a training ground for their armies to train and prepare themselves to conquer the Jin Dynasty. This is because the Xi Xia’s location was really vulnerable and it was easier to take over Xi Xia compared to the Jin Dynasty. In Mongols’ first invasion over Xi Xia, they sieged Xi Xia and managed to make the dynasty offered a peace treaty with the marriage of its king’s daughter to Genghis Khan to stop the siege and withdrew from Xi Xia. Henceforth, Xi Xia became a vassal to the Mongols. Nonetheless, during the Mongols’ conquest on the Khwarazm, they requested aid from their allies and vassals, but Xi Xia was the only one that refused the request. Genghis Khan was really mad that he swore to take down Xi Xia. Subsequently, the Mongols invasion over Xi Xia reached its peak where they were determined in conquering Xi Xia. Genghis Khan, the ruler of the Mongols saw the importance of gathering information to come out with the right and useful decisions. In order for him to conquer Xi Xia, he knew that he must has all the information he needed to confirm his victory. He gathered as much information as he can from travelers, allies, and prisoners. Genghis Khan also established a vast network of spies all over China including the Tangut State of Xi Xia. His spies observed, noted and sent him all the information that he needed regularly. Hence, the Mongols managed to receive much intelligence about Xi Xia particularly from the Ongut, the Kirat, the Naiman, and the Uighurs. All of those states had relations with Xi Xia which means their intelligence on Xi Xia were very reliable. As a result, the Xi Xia became more and more exposed to the Mongols. Before the Mongols started their invasion on Xi Xia, they made the Ongut loyal to them to prevent it from joining Xi Xia or Jin Dynasty to backstab the Mongols when they are attacking Xi Xia. The Ongut’s ruler used to be a loyal supporter of Genghis Khan in Ongut but he had been murdered. In order to maintain the relationship between the Mongol Empire and the Ongut, Genghis Khan married off one of his daughters to the next ruler of the Ongut. Later on, the marriage between the Genghis Khan’s daughter and heir of the Ongut’s ruler continued to strengthen their bond. Thus, the Mongols were able to launch their invasion over Xi Xia without being worried of getting backstabbed from the Ongut and have faith in the Ongut’s aid if they need it in conquering Xi Xia. The Mongols were also able to take over Xi Xia because of the vulnerability in Xi Xia’s location at the Gobi Desert. The Xi Xia was only surrounded by the Gobi Desert which the Mongols can cross without any difficulty. In addition, the cities in Xi Xia were few and the size of its military force was smaller. The Mongols also used the Gobi Desert to their own benefits. They dug temporary wells in the desert along their way to Xi Xia and managed to keep themselves hydrated. Therefore, the Mongols arrived on the borders of the Xia Dynasty in good condition and well prepared to take over Xi Xia. In 1209, the Mongols succeeded in sieging Yinchuan, the capital of the Xia Dynasty. One of the reasons is because Xi Xia was unable to get any assistance. The Xi Xia requested help from its neighbor, the Jin Dynasty but none came. The Mongols and the Xi Xia were enemies to the Jin, so Jin saw the war between its enemies as a benefit to itself. This had made the Xi Xia angry and decided to launch a raid into the Jin Dynasty territory. Accordingly, the Xi Xia and the Jin Dynasty broke their alliance and the Mongols saw this as a great advantage to them since Xi Xia would not be able to receive any help from Jin in the next campaign. The Mongol Empire roamed around their region and succeeded in surrounding Xi Xia.
They were able to expand their territory and made other states acknowledged them and became their vassals. Genghis Khan and the Mongols saw themselves as victorious and the Xia Dynasty was becoming more and more pressured because it was isolated by the Mongols. Kingdoms in China bowed down to the Mongol Empire with the Uighur as an ally, willingly supported the Mongols, and other small states that were dominated by the Mongols before, such as the Kara-Khitai submitted to the power of the Mongol Empire. As a result, the Xi Xia would not be able to receive any help when the Mongols attack them. The Mongols could also simply request for reinforcements from those states when they need it. Moreover, the reinforcements will come to aid the Mongols in a short amount of time because they are close to Xi …show more content…
Xia. After the Mongols’ first campaign over Xi Xia, the Xia Dynasty had become fragile to the Mongols.
This is because there was an internal turmoil emerged in Xi Xia. The dynasty itself had to pay tribute to the Mongols annually which had made its situation worse in encountering the Mongols. The policy of the cooperation between Xi Xia and the Mongols was disagreed by powerful voices in the Xi Xia court. On the other hand, the conflict between Xi Xia and Jin Dynasty had caused problems in Xi Xia which had affected it in unstable politic and failing economy. All of these had led to the failing of Xi Xia’s government which will benefit the Mongols in taking over it.
In the last campaign over Xi Xia, Genghis Khan died but the Mongols hid his death from Xi Xia to overcome any possibilities of getting counter attack. The tenacity of the Mongols to adapt to their ruler’s death kept them moving to conquer Xi Xia. Conversely, Xi Xia was well-aware of Genghis Khan and his terrible vengeance. Because of its previous betrayal to the Mongols, Genghis Khan swore to take Xi Xia down, so Xi Xia was mentally disturbed by Genghis Khan’s wrath. In order to maintained Xi Xia’s fear to the Mongols, they kept secret of Genghis Khan’s death and continued the
campaign. The Mongols succeeded in conquering Xi Xia because of their motivation, informants, alliances, expansion and Xi Xia’s inability to get assistance and fragility. These had all contributed to the Mongols’ winning over Xi Xia. In 1227 CE, the Mongol Empire took over Xia Dynasty, executed its last emperor, looted and burnt the cities, and did massive massacre to Xi Xia population.
Between the early 1200's and the mid 1300's the Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan, took control of around 9,300,000 square miles of Eurasia. Genghis Khan first started conquering neighboring clans before setting his sight on the rest of the world. When they would conquer a city, the Mongols would give the city a chance to surrender and if they declined and the Mongols succeeded in conquering them, then all of the citizens would be slaughtered. Under Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire grew to encompass Central Asia, parts of the Middle East, and east to the borders of the Korean Peninsula. In 1227, Genghis Khan died, which led to the empire being divided into four khanates that would be ruled by his sons and grandsons. Genghis Khan's descendants
Another reason was that China was divided by the presence of the warlords. When Yuan died, the warlords, who were evenly powerful, assumed control in their region. China became fragments of territories ruled by the warlords. Anarchy became prevalent throughout this period because many of these warlords did not have the capability to unite or stabilize China. During this period, warlords plundered their territories and fought amongst each other.
Firstly, the Mongol society was viewed as merciful and fair-minded. According to Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malik Juvaini, a Persian historian who served the Mongols as the governor of Baghdad in the 1200’s, the Mongols would not use excessive punishments when collecting taxes from their tributaries. Likewise, Korean scholars who documented the battle of Kuju between the Mongols and the Koreans in the 15th century reported that after the battle an elderly Mongol general recognized the Korean military leaders for their persistence and courage in their refusal to surrender. The general said he believed that these leaders would become distinguished rulers of the state, and in fact it came to pass. Another instance ...
Mongol rule between nations both varied and shared many similarities. Both China and Russia were incorporated into the ever expanding Mongol empire. The massive expanses of land each civilization contained would help to increase the power the Mongols had. This would also help them to control more of Eurasia. Many people were killed during the brutal wars the Mongols started to try and conquer land. They were power hungry and destroyed everything that got in the way of their conquests. The Mongols never assimilated into neither Chinese nor Russian culture. This led to rebellions against the Mongols in both Chinese and Russian areas.
The Mongols had the Yuan Empire in China, the Jagadai in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, and the Il-khan Empire in Iran. Without definite successors, these empires were divided among the many heirs. A stark difference between these two political entities is how these governments fell. The Mongol Empires split as the heirs of Genghis Khan fought over whom should rule and ultimately fell after years of ruling many peoples and being at the maximum size it could rule.
so they tried to attack like they are use to doing,But because of how advanced the Chinese were the Mongols retreated. Then they surrounded China and they stopped all supplies and people from going in our out of China.Basically turning China into a prison People inside started to starve and die.When the Mongols finally captured China they integrated into the Chinese population, but the two religions of the Chinese and the Mongols had very little in common so the two religions followed different rules.During the Mongol rule the Mongol ruler named kublai khan did appoint some chinese officials but he higher up positions were saved for the Mongols or
Unlike the Roman Empire, the Han Dynasty was located on a steppe, so therefore they did not have natural protection from invasions. The scholars rose to power because the Han Dynasty greatly valued Confucian ideals. One of the things they venerated was agriculture, primarily because it would help the emperor to keep the Mandate of Heaven. As a result of their beliefs, they did not have a strong army to protect them from invaders. When the Xiongnu tribes invaded, they were unprepared, but they eventually came up with a solution: the Tribute System. They would exchange gifts using the Confucian idea of filial piety. The Han emperor would show his dominance over the tribes by setting an example for them, which meant giving the tribes extravagant gifts like silk. Like the Roman Empire, the Han Dynasty also fell in part to internal conflict. Their main internal problem was the Iron and Salt Debates between the Legalists and Confucians. The Legalists wanted to keep their iron and salt monopolies because they produced government funds for strengthening their military, which was their approach to border protection. The Confucians opposed this idea because it supported mercantile practices, which was not the ideal Confucian profession because it could potentially weaken the emperor’s legitimacy. The disagreement caused tension between the two groups, which eventually led to a decline in the quality of life of the
grew and lasted for about 108 years until they failed by trying to conquer India and were weak the Ming Dynasty overthrew the rulers. The Mongols were not afraid to kill. If one person refuses to do something for them their whole clan will pay, they would leave no survivors. That's what helped make them so successful, many had heard about their gruesome approach and surrendered and accepted submissions. The Mongolians of the Asian Steppe had a positive impact on the world during their rule of the Asian continent from 1206 to 1368 by influencing trade, warfare and uniting China.
... promoting loyalty and increased trust between the two peoples. The Chinese would be more willing to follow the new policies under Mongol rule, even though they were not at the top of the social class anymore. The Mongols were civilized because they were accepting of the customs of different peoples and used this to their benefit.
Throughout history, there have been many empires that have shaped the outcome of all life on this world that we live on. Some of the greatest empires in the world, the Roman Empire, the greatest militaristic regime in history, or perhaps we can look towards northern Europe and the British Empire, those who had the capability to control the greatest amount of land mass in history. However there is one thing that even those famed Brits never accomplished. Something only one group in history has managed to do, a group that stands out among a crowd of the greatest people to represent planet earth. The men to strike fear Into the most battle hardened soldiers, the barbarians, the moguls. So what did the Mongols accomplish that was special. They managed to conquer the largest contiguous land mass in the worlds an area that stretched from Egypt to Russia and also to encompass all of China. Doing this they managed to shape the lives of millions of people. from Russia to China and everywhere in between. However most historians agree that China was affected more than any other country by the reign of the Mongols. The effects the Mongolian Empire had on China were large and diverse, and included but not limited to the economic influx due to the increased amount of trade routes and the utilization of the peasant class, the social impact, as all people part of the Mongolian empire flew under one one banner, and finally the technological impact as ideas flourished under the watchful eye of the Mongols.
Another idea for why the Mongols began there conquests has to do with Ghengis Khan again. Maybe he felt he had to prove something to himself or to the gods. He lost his father when he was only nine years old. The thought of being such a great leader would maybe have given Ghengis Khan the belief that he was pleasing his father. These thoughts could have given Ghengis Khan the strength and will power to try to bring the tribes together to begin there conquests.
The Mongol Empire appeared in Central Asia through the 13th and 14th centuries as the biggest land empire in history. A consequence of the union of Mongol and Turkic tribes, the empire took form under the control of the legendary Genghis Khan, also known as Great Khan, which means emperor. All through his period, Genghis Khan started a series of invasions called as the Mongol invasions, frequently accompanied by the major-scale slaughter of civilian populations. This led in the conquest of the majority of Eurasia. By the end of Genghis Khan's life, the Mongol Empire occupied a considerable segment of Central Asia and China. The empire began to divide as a consequence of battles between succession heirs, especially regarding Kublai Khan and Ariq Boke.
The Mongols were known for forcibly conquering and taking everything and they had a pretty good record of doing just that. Japan would not be conquered so easily though. The first of two attempts to invade Japan would take place in 1274 (Bowdoin). In 1266, Kublai Khan sent a letter that demanded Japan surrender to them. Japan brushed of this attempt at intimidation and refused (LIT esperan). Eight years later, The Mongols invaded with approximately 900 ships and 30,000 soldiers. “Firstly, [the] Tsushima and Iki Island were severely ravaged en route” (LIT esperan). They did not do it alone however, the Mongols already had the Chinese and Koreans under their control. The Mongols used them to create ships and lend soldiers to make this possible. (Lit esperan). The Mongols reached Hakata bay, but did not make it very far inland before they were forced to retreat. Before leaving though, perhaps in a rage of frustration, they did burn down multiple shrines (Bowdoin). Before the second invasion, Japan prepared itself in case they would ever return. Strangely, Japan, unintentionally, mimicked China again. They built a wall to protect against another Mongol invasion. Ironically though, this wall worked. In 1281, the Mongols invaded from two directions. A fleet from Korea attack the Islands of Tsushima and Iki again and eventually landed once again in Hakata Bay. The wall put them at
The Mongols’ invasion in Beijing came at a time when the bakufu was thought to have no interest in the politics of other countries. The Bakufu had ceased communicating with other countries such as Korea and China. The leader of the empire, Khubilai Khan, ordered that there was to be a tribute paid to the Yuan Dynasty with terrible consequences for those who failed to follow the order. History records that Kyoto was not used to being threatened and they started preparations in case of an attack. This followed their ignorance of the message delivered by the Korean messengers about the new demands made by Mongols.