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Social interaction deficit of a child with autism
History of surgery
Brief history of autism spectrum disorder
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Recommended: Social interaction deficit of a child with autism
Hospital Dentistry
Autism
- Patient demographic:
. Patient initials: MR
. Age: 16 years old.
. Sex: Female.
- History of Present Illness:
. She presented to UH clinic for examination after many attempts without examination was possible.
- Past Medical History:
. Autism
- Past Surgical History:
. None
- Medication:
. Zoloft: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
- Clinical Examination:
. Extra-oral Examination: -Within normal limits.
. Intra-oral Examination:
-Patient laid on floor in waiting area until she was assisted to a chair and rolled to operatory. Parents did very well once she was placed in immobilization.
-Generalized gingival edema and erythema. Moderate calculus accumulation especially in mandibular anterior teeth
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There is usually impairment in several additional domains integral to social functioning, including language and communication.
- Diagnostic Keys for Autism Spectrum Disorder:
1. Impairment in social interaction
a. Uses nonverbal behaviors
b. Poor peer relationships
c. Lack of interest in shared activities
d. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
2. Impairments in communication
a. Delay in language
b. Stereotyped or repetitive language
c. Lack of age-appropriate social play
3. Repetitive behaviors
a. Inflexibility
b. Preoccupation with parts of objects
- Etiology: Majority of cases are not associated with a comorbid medical condition. However, two thirds of cases have a comorbid psychiatric feature (ADHD 29%, anxiety 22%, bipolar 20%, depression 20%).
- Treatment:
Nonpharmacologic Therapy: Consistent behavioral training program in both the home and school environments.
Acute General Rx: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), atypical antipsychotics, valproic acid.
Chronic Rx: Extended use of medications for acute management of comorbid psychiatric disorder.
Severity Levels:
Level 3: Requiring very substantial support.
Social
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Preventive oral hygiene procedures for patients who are not able to perform oral hygiene procedures, a family member or attendant should be instructed on the procedures.
• Oral hygiene may be the most influential caries risk indicator in children with autism and special attention should be given to the presence of visible plaque and gingivitis in patients with ASD.
• Orthodontic concerns in individuals with ASD compared to healthy individuals include an increased tendency toward anterior open bite and dental crowding.
• Flouride application is one of the method to limit the caries development due to poor oral hygiene to eliminate the caries development.
• Restorative treatment: Dental amalgam is characterized by excellent moisture tolerance and longevity making it a suitable choice for posterior teeth in patients where moisture control is more difficult to achieve.
• Most of the medications used to treat disorders contribute to increased dental problems in such patients because xerostomia is one of their primary adverse effects. This unfavorable oral environment may create conditions leading to an increased incidence of smooth-surface caries and
Dental hygiene is amongst many professions that come with an increased risk of injury. In fact, evidence suggests that the incidence of dental professionals acquiring musculoskeletal disorders is reaching 96%. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), these complications are a result of “repetitive motion or awkward posture for more than 2 hours at a time, unassisted frequent manual handling (eg, scaling an area using the same strokes), and unassisted forced manual handling (eg, heavy calculus removal using hand-activated instruments)”. These complications not only affect the quality of life for the
o Please describe a time when you performed a thorough head, neck and oral exam and the findings had a significant impact on how you proceeded with the dental hygiene process of care. Annette was performing her usual head, neck, and oral exam on a patient and found an enlarged thyroid. She recommended to the patient that she go see her primary care physician to get a better diagnosis. The patient went to her primary care physician and was told there was probably nothing. Later, the patient returned to the dental office and saw Annette and told her what the physician said.
[7]Similarly they are contraindicated in patients with low caries risk, teeth with shallow self cleansing grooves, patients with good oral hygiene maintenance,
...at more tentatively, with fluoride gels and varnishes or a chlorhexidine varnish. Some dentists may restore root caries with amalgam restorations. Another treatment option used by some dentists to restore root caries is Glass Ionomer Cements. Glass ionomer cements were first introduced in the early 1970s. They have good adherence to mineralized tooth tissue, which keeps the removal of tooth structure to a minimum. Glass ionomer cements also have the ability to leak and absorb fluoride into the tooth, which decreases the rate of secondary caries. These factors have increased the potential for glass ionomer cements to replace amalgam as a restorative material. (Hammel)
The patient presented with common signs of compartmental syndrome. The interventions suggested to the staff at the hospital were not fully completed. The interventions given during the case presentation consisted of assessing the six Ps, swelling, and vital signs. I took the vital signs of the patient and the nurse recorded them in their system. The patient’s blood pressure was not within normal limits, so the blood pressure completed manually. The manual blood pressure was still elevated. An increase in blood pressure can indicate pain, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the extremities. When I was with the nurse, she sent the patient for an x-ray. Furthermore, the nurse should have then assessed what the patient has been doing and done education with the patient to elevate the leg above his heart. Many people do not know the scientific rationale and positioning of elevating the extremity above the heart. The nurse should have also assessed the patients expectation of pain relief, since his current medication (Ibuprofen) was not working to his expectations. This is when we left the floor; therefore, I was not able to discuss the patient care with the nurse. The nurse simply asked the patient about some of the six Ps of compartmental syndrome and did not complete the assess...
A career as a dental hygienist offers A big variety of challenges. In the dental office, both the dentist and the dental hygienist work together to get things done for the patients oral needs. Since each state has its own specific regulations regarding their responsibilities every dental office in each state is sort of different. Some of the services provided by dental hygienists may include things like patient screening procedures, screening procedures include review of the health history, oral cancer screening, head and neck inspection, dental charting and taking blood pressure and pulse.
... The arrest rate for caries on both permanent and primary teeth was 77%. In comparison, in a study done on children in Greenland, the arrest rate for dental caries applied with just NaF varnish was only 33%(Ekstrand, et al; 2010). In answering the PICO question, silver diamine fluoride is more effective at arresting dentinal caries than sodium fluoride varnish. In reviewing these research studies, SDF is an affordable, effaceable alternative to restorative treatment that can be particularly helpful in areas without much dental care, equipment, or facilities.
In conclusion, it is important for the dental staff to treat all patients as if they are infected. A patient may or may not choose to disclose any information pertaining to their disease or they may not be aware of it. It is also important for the dental staff to have immunizations done at regular intervals. The hygienist needs to make sure he or she protects him or herself as well as the patient during treatment. Discrimination against someone with a disease is illegal. With that in mind it is the clinician’s duty to be aware of diseases he or she may come into contact with and how to treat the patient.
Children who suffer from ASD usually have the appearance of normal development and then become withdrawn and regress from social interaction (Melinda Smith, 2013). The impaired social interaction of the disorder affects communication both verbally and non- verbally (Melinda Smith, 2013). Their communication with others and the world around them is also affected, as well as their thinking and behavior (Melinda Smith, 2013).
Hygienist are the dentists who educate their patients on the importance of oral health care. Hygienist examine any chipped tooth,damage filling,discolored or swollen gums, and also take x-rays, and help prevent tooth decay. Today, dental care focuses on prevention. Preventing tooth decay and related problems is the main job of a dental hygienist. As generations pass, not many people are fully aware of the downside of not properly taking care of their pearly whites. This topic was brought to my attention by noticing the lack of dental hygiene among my peers. This doesn’t necessarily just mean having only cavities, sore gums, but also bad breath.
Though there is still a lot to learn about ASD, research has increased in order to gain a better understanding into all aspects of Autism.
Children are typically diagnosed with an ASD after the age of two when delays in development are first detected (“Facts About ASDs,” 2013). The earlier the diagnoses, the earlier treatment can be implemented. Although awareness of ASDs has increased over the past decade, especially with actions such the United Nations sponsored World Autism Day, there is a significant deficit in clinical understanding of diagnosis and treatment in many countries (United Nations, 2007). Unfortunately, in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) access to health care is limited to acute conditions requiring immediate care, or standardized tools for the screening and diagnosis of an ASD are lacking or completely absent (Elsabbagh et al., 2012). Even in high-income countries such as the United States and the countries of Europe, the availability and access to standardized screening and diagnostic tools is variable (Elsabbagh et al., 2012).
Over time as individuals age and are faced with access to care issues they may begin to neglect their oral health. As time passes between dental hygiene cleanings or dentist visits the presence of oral disease may begin to increase.
Positive results have been seen on periodic checkups and most of the patients didn’t complain. One patient suffered from plaque deposition on abutment teeth due to insufficient oral hygiene. Gold copings protect root surface but are expensive which makes the treatment overall expensive. Most of the time canines are used as abutments because they are frequently the last teeth to be lost in the jaw because of their large root surface
Elderly have long been identified as a high risk group for dental disease and poor oral hygiene care. The major barriers to affect good oral hygiene care can include lack of available staff and lack of appropriate oral health knowledge