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Short summary of illiad and odyssey
Short summary of illiad and odyssey
Illiad short summary and conclusion
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In Ancient Greece, honor and glory is one of the most important things. Honor is high respect and esteem while glory is to receive honor from doing great achievements, such as dying for one's country. The story of the Iliad is about Akhilleus, a demigod and Greek warrior, and his fight in the Trojan war, along with the struggles between the Greeks and Trojans. The war was actually caused by dishonor when Paris of Troy had run off with Helen Sparta. The ideas of honor and glory play an important role in Homer's The Iliad. There are different aspects of honoring, such as honoring one's self. In this section of the book, Agamemnon had just given up his prize, Khrysêis back to her father in order to stop the mass amount of killings from the god, Apollo. After he gave up the girl, he says, “Your must prepare, however, a prize of honor for me, and at once, that I may not be left without my portion…” (Homer 2). This demonstrates honor because, in order to save his people, he had given up his most valuable prize, so he demands to be compensated in some way to restoring his honor. The demonstration of honor to one's self is one of the most important but is not the only way honor is …show more content…
After Agamemnon had given up Khrysêis, he demanded that his men go down to Akhilleus quarters and take his girl, Brisêis. After talking to his mother Thetis, she had agreed to Zeus to see if there would be any way he could help to honor Akhilleus for his loss. Thetis begins to say, “Lend the Trojans power, until the Akhaians recompense my son and heap new honor upon him”(Homer 4). In this example, Thetis is practically begging Zeus to have the Trojans win until the Akhaians honor Akhilleus. Since Akhilleus has refused to fight due to losing Brisêis, it seems as if the only way the Akhaians will win the war is if Akhilleus returns to battle. So, they must honor him to get him to fight for them once
In ancient Greece, honor was something that determined the place of a person in society. This honor had to be constantly preserved and earned in order to keep their societal position. Honor also had to be rewarded with things like gifts so that it is truly represented. In The Iliad Achilles was publicly shamed, which caused him to have a lower societal position, and this resulted in his refusal to fight in the Trojan War; because of this, Achilles asked the gods to make sure the Greeks lose the war if he is not fighting. This would bring shame to the Greeks who would then bring Achilles gifts associated with honor in order to have his help again (Bellitti).
The story of the Iliad portrays a vial battle between the Greeks and Trojans that has been ongoing for over 9 years. The Greeks ultimately triumph in the war, but not without bloody conflict with the Trojans. The Greeks and Trojans each have positive characteristics that bolster their glory throughout the Iliad and lead to a tense fight between the two sides. Unfortunately, their emotions overpower them and hinder their beneficial traits. The emotional struggle that both sides confront throughout the story constructs contrasting personalities and clashing ideals in battle. The Greeks and Trojans each display positive characteristics, such as the Greeks being strategic, and the Trojans being
Honor is being respected by the people for the actions performed and receiving loyalty by ones family. Honor was gained by heroic actions throughout battles and accomplishments within ones lifetime. Having a strong reputation in society also leads to achieving honor. One is honored by the people they serve and protect. Hekabe claims to Hektor that “they adored you as if you were a god, since in truth you were their high honor while you lived” (Homer XX.434-435). Though Hektor was a mortal, he was idolized as an immortal by his city based on his response to society. The Trojans looked
Honor or having an honor culture is a hallmark trait of many cultures both ancient and modern. While many would go to Homer’s The Iliad for clear indications of honor culture within Ancient Greek culture, The Odyssey also provides clear indications of an honor culture. Before honor culture within The Odyssey can be explored, honor and honor culture must first be defined. The most common and relatable explanation for honor culture in our modern day world is a prevailing culture in the southern United States of America especially within the Appalachian communities. This culture and the Ancient Greek culture share simple hallmarks. Honor culture is about neither committing transgressions against another, nor tolerating them when they are done to you. It is about the value of your “good name” and reputation for being honorable. This means that slights not only against you but against your name are taken very seriously. These things are generally held throughout all cultures of honor. Some of the specifics of honor are defined by each individual culture; these specifics along with the general state of an honor culture are shown in three events within The Odyssey. The culture of honor is shown in through Odysseus in his encounter with the Cyclops, the exchange with the Phaeacian man at the games, and in the slaughter of the suitors.
The Greeks placed great importance on personal honor. Why is this? Is it because to them man I nothing without honor. Or is it that the honor is more important than the man? "Honor to the Greeks is something that is won by a man's prowess, his ability to fight and be victorious on the battle field"(Schein 62). This is just one example of how honor is obtained. A second method of gaining honor is to be a great orator, one must posses the ability to speak in the assembly and express his ideas eloquently, and persuasively to the gathered body. A third way of achieving personal honor is to demonstrate athletic ability.
This epic poem by the ancient Greek poet Homer, recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the Trojan War and the Greek siege of the city of Troy. All of the places where Homer’s stories took place were in areas that had been significant in the Bronze Age of Ancient Greece. Excavations at Troy and Mycenae have revealed that affluent kingdoms did indeed exist there. The Iliad provides examples of the culture and traditions that took place in Ancient Greece. The warrior culture that is presented in The Iliad is based on honor and bravery, a good example of this is when Diomedes is trying to rally his fellow warriors in says, “I know only cowards depart from battle. A real warrior stands his ground. Whether he is hit or hits another.” This society was strongly against cowardice; bravery was the only option in these times. The Iliad preserves the Ancient Greek’s views on masculinity and what it meant to be a “real warrior” in their times. The evolution of what people consider honorable and brave is evident, for The Iliad has conserved past views that can be juxtaposed with more modern
than the times of today. Back then, the most important aspect of life for a
The notion of honor is prevalent throughout the Iliad and Antigone. Both texts demonstrate that honor is essential to Greek heroes because honor is the foundation of the society and family. Homer and Sophocles clearly show that honor guides people’s actions and responses and decides the fate of themselves and others. Both authors also place emphasis on the importance of proper burial because it is a strong indication of honor to the deceased and the deceased’s family. As can be seen in the Iliad and Antigone, the aim of every Greek hero is to gain everlasting honor because it ensures his place in the social memory of his society resounding even after death.
In the Homeric world, honor is qualified by power. In the Iliad, power is measured several ways. When Nestor tries to mediate between the enraged Achilles and Agamemnon, he makes the point that “power and glory [are] given by Zeus himself” (Book I, Line 294). A king is the ultimate in nobility, even if he is the king of a small, poor Greek city. Being a king depends on accident of birth, not on ability, and is a sign of the gods’ favor. Because the gods have smiled on him, “a scepter-holding king has honor beyond the rest of men” (Book I, Line 293). In the Greek army...
The characters in Homer’s Iliad follow the Heroic Code which is all about honor. For them, honor is the most important thing and a person who dies without honor is worth nothing. To be someone honorable, one must standout from the army, like Akhilleus and Hektor. The two are recognized as the best in their army and community. But the Heroic Code is more than just exerting more effort as a warrior, more than being the best warrior there is and more than doing something that the army, community and opposition will recognize. In the heroic Code, there exist four pillars that will dictate whether you have achieved honor.
Throughout the Iliad, heroic characters make decisions based on a specific set of principles, which are referred to as the “code of honor.” The heroic code that Homer presents to readers is easy to recognize because the heroic code is the cause for many of the events that take place, but many of the characters have different perceptions of how highly the code should be regarded. Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors, begins the poem as a model for a hero. His dedication and firm belief in the code of honor is described many times throughout the course of the Iliad. As a reward for heroic traits in battle, prizes were sometimes awarded to victors of war. In Book 1 Achilles receives Chryseis as a prize and a symbol of honor. Heroism had its rewards and its setbacks which ultimately was the backbone of the Illiad in the case of Achilles prize. Hector, arguably the greatest Trojan warrior or even the bravest of the Homeric heroes is very fierce and fights for what he believes is his destiny. In book VI Hector expresses his bravery when Andromache pleads with Hector not to fight when Hector says, “But I would die of shame to face the men of Troy and the Trojan woman trailing their long robes if I would shrink from battle now, a coward. Nor does the sprit urge me on that way. I’ve learned it all too well. To stand up bravely, always to fight in the front ranks of Trojan soldiers, winning my father great glory, glory for myself” (VI, 387).
As revenge Agamemnon takes Briseis from Achilles “The king, being obliged to send back his captive, enters into a furious contest with Achilles, which Nestor pacifies; however, as he had the absolute command of the army, he seizes on Briseis in revenge. Achilles in discontent withdraws himself and his forces from the rest of the Greeks” (Homer 4). As revenge for Agamemnon’s actions he withdraws himself from the war and asks that the Trojans win against the Greeks “On the twelfth day Thetis visits Zeus and asks him to honor her son Achilles, who has been dishonored by Agamemnon. She asks Zeus to help the Trojans until the Greeks show honor to Achilles and give him gifts to compensate for the dishonor he has suffered” (Thompson 3). And he also kills Hector, takes his body and mutilates it, in revenge for killing Patroclus “The death of Patroclus is the price Achilles pays for his wrath; the death of Hector is the price the Trojans pay for the death of Patroclus…” (Thompson 4). Avenging Patroclus’ death by killing Hector, Homer as brought on bloodlust in Achilles. He is so consumed and blinded by anger and bloodlust, for the death of his friends, that he will not listen to Hector’s speech about honoring the corpse of the fallen “Indeed, Achilles’s responses to Hector become increasingly animalistic, and as such, not dissolve of mortality, but paradoxically mute: now that everything is reduced to bestiality, language is
The Greek commander Agamemnon betrays Achilles by insulting him and taking his war prize, the girl Briseis. The Greek army as a whole, betrays him by acting inactively to Agamemnon’s insults and failing to defend him. As seen in Richard Blucher’s article book discussion, “In the Iliad, Achilles has his war prize, the captive woman Briseis, stolen from him by his Commander-in-Chief, King Agamemnon. Shay explains: We must understand the cultural context to see that this episode is more than a personal squabble between two soldiers over a woman [...] The prize of honor was voted by the troops for Achilles’ valor in combat. A modern equivalent might be a commander telling a soldier, ‘I’ll take that Congressional Medal of Honor of yours, because I don’t have one” (Blucher). These betrayals are so traumatic and insulting for Achilles that he withdrew entirely from the war. Also, in Book 21 of The Iliad, Achilles shows another belief that is identified with betrayal. In this book Achilles acts with reckless courage and takes on hundreds of enemy troops without showing any fear or resentment, even when the river god rises to drown him. As he acts so reckless he disregards his own life, and kills all who comes in his path. This is seen through Irwin Kutash’s review of Achilles in Vietnam, as he said, “Achilles is found to have been betrayed by his commander, Agamemnon, who usurps his prize of honor. The betrayal is described
As the reader goes through the many books in the Iliad, he or she may notice the battle of immortal versus immortal on Mount Olympus. The gods are introduced in this book as major characters that have taken a side on either Team Trojans or Team Achaeans. Aphrodite, Apollo, and Ares are the main gods on Team Trojans, while Hera and Athena fight for Team Achaeans. Zeus is supposedly neutral, but in book one Thetis approaches Zeus saying, “honor my son Achilles!-doomed to live the shortest life of any man on earth […] grant the Trojans victory […] till the Achaean armies pay my dea...
The first reason Achilles is an epic hero is because he embodied the characteristics of the ideal Greek citizen at the time Homer wrote; he is in a position of power and regards honor highly. “O my mother! I was born to die young, it is true, but honour I was to have from Zeus, Olympian, thunderer on high! And now he has not given me one little bit! Yes, my lord king Agamemnon has insulted me! He has taken my prize and keeps it, he has robbed me myself” (page 17), Achilles cried to his mother. Agamemnon stole Achilles’ prize, Briseis, so Achilles is begging his mother, the sea nymph Thetis, to help him regain his honor. In Greece, honor was crucial and by taking Achilles’ prize, Agamemnon has stripped him not only of his hard-won prize but of his honor as well. Such a double loss would have been catastrophic for a Greek citizen. Classicist Ian Johnston highlights the significance of his loss, suggesting that “the greatest harm that can occur to a particular warrior is shame, the community’s public recognition that he has let the group down or failed to live up to its shared rules.”Being shamed, in this case, by Agamemnon, would cause the Achaeans to lose respect for Achilles, and as one of their leaders, this would be a tragedy for him. Achilles’ desire to regain his honor sho...