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Nurture and nature theory
Biological and societal influences on sexual orientation
Nurture and nature theory
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"Was I born like this?" This question is inevitably asked by homosexuals (also referred to as gays) worldwide. Homosexuality is often defined as the preference of or the attraction to people of the same sex. According to a study performed by Indiana University, roughly 8% of men and 7% of women identify as gay (Reece). However, there is no widely-accepted study concerning whether or not people are born gay, or if homosexuality is developed postnatally. Those who advocate the former assume that genes and prenatal hormones cause homosexuality. However, childhood factors and the fact that there is barely any biological correlation to homosexuality support that it is acquired during childhood and due to environment. Homosexuality is most likely …show more content…
There is no significantly successful study that proves that homosexuality is acquired prenatally. According to Albert Dean Byrd, former president of the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality, "the scientific attempts to demonstrate that homosexual attraction is biologically determined [prenatally] have failed"(Byrd). This means that no matter how deeply someone believes that some people are born gay, there isn 't any actual scientific evidence that will prove their belief. Even though it can 't be affected in the womb, homosexuality can be biologically affected in early childhood. It correlates closely with the brain and the hormones the brain calls for, and development occurs the most during the first three years of childhood ("Brain"). So, homosexuality can be biologically obtained during early childhood, and as previously mentioned, early childhood is affected by environmental factors. Being gay is not genetically hereditary, contrary to the belief of many homosexual activists. In his book My Genes Made Me Do It!, Neil Whitehead writes, "From an understanding of gene structure and function there are not plausible means by which genes could inescapably force SSA [same-sex attraction] or other behaviors in a person. Genes create proteins not preferences"(Whitehead). Traits, such as eye color or skin color, are classified as hereditary since it is only acquired through their parents. If homosexuality was passed down from generation to generation, then the population of homosexuals would have died off, since a gay couple cannot reproduce. Similarly, it cannot be a genetic mutation due to how large the homosexual population is. Homosexuality is an acquired behavioral trait, not a genetic
In Brandon Ambrosino’s “I am Gay – but I Wasn't Born This Way”, the author states his reasoning as to why he believes he chose to be gay. Being one of the few who questions the born this way ideology, Ambrosino, along with other LGBTQ activists, are “cast as homophobic, and their thinking is considered backward”(par 10). However, just because an argument like this is popular, it doesn’t necessarily mean it’s true. Even scientific organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA) believes that people have no control over their sexual orientations, however, no findings have been found that determine if sexual orientation is determined from hormones, genetics, or cultural influences(par 21), therefore contradicting the previous claim.
Homosexuality is a product of biology because according to research, the hormones of the females are stronger. Dr. Hamer states that sexual orientation, male homosexuality is genetically influenced. This is passed down through their mothers to the hormone of their offspring. Sexual identity is wired into the genes, which discounts the concept that homosexuality and transgender sexuality are a choice. Since sexual differentiation occurs within the womb, as a result of hormonal influences, it has been hypothesized that homosexuality may result from differential hormone balance in the wombs of those who eventually exhibit a homosexual orientation. According to a study, the question is whether homosexual practice changes the brain or whether the brain results in homosexual practice. According to Dr. Hamer, male homosexuality might be linked to a set of five DNA sequences located on the Xq28 region of the X chromosome. Therefore, if homosexual orientAtion were completely genetic, one would expect that it would not change over the course of one's life.
Many people cannot understand why anyone would want to get involved in homosexual activity. There are many arguments about homosexuality whether is by nature or nurture. Before we make judgments on homosexuality, we need to identify the causes of homosexuality. Homosexuality is caused by genetic, biological and environmental factors.
Most scientists and psychologists believe that homosexuality is caused by a gene determined at birth much like your hair, skin, and eye color are determined, meaning homosexuality is not a choice and is no more a choice than choosing your skin color. Studies known as adoption studies show that sexual preference is genetic by adopting a young infant child and placing them in either a homosexual or h...
Sexuality over the years has been defined and reshaped in many ways by different researchers and experts. In the CNN article, “Being Gay is not a Choice,” James Hormel defines sexuality as something that you are born with and cannot hide or ignore your true identity. In the article, Hormel recalls the times in his life where he felt alone and when he hid the truth. Hormel goes on to state how he “spent the first 35 years of my life trying real hard not to be gay”(Hormel, pg. 1). However, despite Hormel 's views I disagree with this article in many ways as it shows little evidence on how someone could in fact be born gay. An individual decides his identity and sexuality, which in most cases is tied together with how one is raised and the environment in which one is raised in. John Hormel’s article on sexuality can be countered by an article written John D’Emilio. His article, “Capitalism
I chose this topic because there is an issue of homophobia around the world. I find it interesting as to why people are homosexual, and if there is a gene responsible for this or if it can be developed later in life. This area of research directly relates to the age old question of “nature Vs. nurture”.
Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood.
Genes are thought to play a critical role in sexual orientation, however which genes are actually contributing this effect is unknown. There are some genes being explored carefully, but there is no strong evidence existing. An example that demonstrates the correlation between genes and sexual orientation is twin studies. Evidence shows when one twin is homosexual the other twin will have a 50% chance of being homosexual as well. There seems to be a high concordance rate of sexual orientation between family members (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). It is evident, biology play a significant role in the development of sexual orientation, however much research is still being conducted to prove its
What controls a human's sexual orientation? The long-standing debate of nature versus nurture can be extended to explaining human sexual orientation. Is it biological or environmental? The biological explanation has been gaining popularity amongst the scientific community although it is only based on speculations. It is argued that sexual orientation is linked to factors that occur during sexual differentiation. The prenatal exposure to androgens and their affect on the development of the human brain play a pivotal role in sexual orientation (2). Heredity is also part of the debate. Does biology merely provide the slate of neural circuitry upon which sexual orientation is inscribed? Do biological factors directly wire the brain so that it will support a particular orientation? Or do biological factors influence sexual orientation only indirectly?
According to Jeffrey Satinover, MD, there is no evidence that shows homosexuality is genetic. Stating “homosexuality may run in families but you get viruses from your parents too, and some bad habits…” (Top 10 Pros). Brian S. Mustanski, PhD, agrees that though there may be no ‘gay’ gene, multiple genes potentially interacting with the environment could explain sexual orientation. Ex- gays are living proof that homosexuality is not fixed permanently. Therefore, for someone to be born gay, obviously that person would not be able to change ones sexual preference.
From the moment people born, there are certain basic functions that will be with them throughout their lives. The abilities to eat, breathe, sleep, or to have the capacity to learn are a natural occurrence for most people. There are, however, traits that are specific to each individual. They are traits that set them apart from everyone else. The traits such as eye color, ones dominate hand, or susceptibility to a specific disease are a few traits that aren’t easily changed. However, there are some that are controversially questioned as to whether or not one is born with the trait or if it is a learned behavior. One of the biggest of these controversies is the question of whether sexual orientation is a choice or something that is beyond the individual’s influence. Although the evidence is commonly disregarded because of personal beliefs or opinions, sexual orientation is not a choice.
“All men are created equal, No matter how hard you try, you can never erase those words,” Harvey Milk. A homosexual, as defined by the dictionary, is someone of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex. Homosexuality is ethical, and I will provide rational arguments for, and irrational arguments against the topic. A few objections are as follows: It is forbidden in the Bible and frowned upon by God; It is unnatural; Men and women are needed to reproduce; There are no known examples in nature; and the most common argument that concerns homosexuality is whether it is a choice or human biology.
Homosexuality in Today's Society. In today's society, there exists a mixture of issues which tend to raise arguments with people all over. There are a handful of topics that always seem to escalate these differences between people to the point where one who earnestly participates in discussion, debate and argument can direct their anger towards their feelings on the person themselves. Some examples of such delicate subjects are the death penalty, abortion, and euthanasia.
A person's sexual preference is not a dark or light issue. Sexual preference is based on what appeals to the individual, with selective fascination in the opposite sex toward one side of the continuum and a selective appreciation for the same sex. Heterosexuality (appreciation for individuals from the opposite sex), homosexuality (fascination in individuals from the same sex), and bisexuality (fascination in individuals from either sex) are the three most regularly examined classes of sexual preference. However, in no way shape or form are these the only classifications in the realm of our behaviors and traits. The “Nature/upbringing Discussion” actually does not make much sense, because genes and circumstances have a constant interplay during the lifespan. However, whether through genes or education, there is no uncertainty that sexual orientation is displayed somehow in our encephalon or brain. This is because the brain is equipped to handle all our ideas and habits and everything that we stand for. Learning alters your encephalon every day, whether very temporary changes, like a telephone number you misremember, or permanent behavior patterns, like being shy or sociable, and like sexual
Since the 1800's, psychiatrists and psychologists have concluded that homosexuality is a mental disorder. They have believed it is brought about by misguided upbringing and their social environments. For instance, it was believed that if the child was lacking a male - figure in the home, he would most likely be gay. Or that child abuse can lead to lesbianism when the special needs of a little girl are denied, ignored, or exploited and the future womanhood of the child is in risk. However, inconsistencies in the research subjects' abuse records ruled these theories out. And if this were the case, then why is homosexuality present in different cultures? Some believed homosexuality was caused by a difference in brain structure. In 1991, Simon LeVay published research stating that sexual orientation may be the result of differing brain structures. The hypothalamus, a region in the brain that governs sexual behavior, was the structure that LeVay was pointing as the structure at fault. In his studies of the hypothalamus, he found that in homosexual men, the hypothalamus was smaller than that of heterosexual men. Instead, it was the size of the female hypothalamus, consequently explaining their sexual tendencies.