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The Odyssey harvard classics
The iliad alexander the great
The iliad alexander the great
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Recommended: The Odyssey harvard classics
From Homer to Hollywood
Introduction
The Iliad by the infamous poet Homer is a good example of how the Greek’s have helped mould todays version of cinematic storytelling and heroic figures going on an adventure. Written circa 8th century BC it is based in the Bronze age around 1200 BC nine years after the start of the Trojan war. The eighth century BC was a time where Greece started to prosper once more and writers such as Homer transformed the oral tales and myths into poetry which created standard versions of these stories. Homer was arguably the most important of these poets as the Iliad and the sequel the Odyssey, properly established a world of the Olympian Gods and the Trojan war(1) which reinforced the beliefs of the Greeks that the Gods often were often involved with mortal life and in some cases walked the earth like man did.***********************
A timeless and infamous text that has been influenced is the New Testament story of Jesus Christ. His teachings were written as early as 50 AD but the story was only put into text from oral tradition as early 63 AD, but it wasn’t until 80 AD when all recognised accounts were finished. This gives an idea of how powerful and large the story had spread and how the cinematic storytelling techniques originally employed by the likes of Homer to immerse specific audiences and achieve its goal of spreading the word of Christ. Set from just before the start of the common era to circa 30 ACE, it was a time where the Jews were heavily oppressed and occupied by the Romans. Jews were forced to worship the Roman emperor like a God(2), pay heavy taxes to Rome and one was severely beaten by Roman soldiers if one did not comply. Also there was a strict social order in which if you broke, you...
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...ically what the audience expects and finds acceptable from Jesus and Superman.
Bibliography
1. Marion Findlay, Classical Mythology, New Zealand edition, Chapter 1
2.http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/biblicalhistory/a/How-the-Jews-Lived-in-Jesus-Time.htm
Sources for article:
The Oxford Bible Commentary, editors John Barton and John Muddiman (Oxford University Press).
The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha, New Revised Standard Version (Oxford University Press).
The First Christmas: What the Gospel Accounts Really Teach About Jesus's Birth, by Marcus Borg and John Dominic Crossan (HarperOne).
"Inner-biblical Interpretation," by Benjamin D. Sommer, The Jewish Study Bible (Oxford University Press).
3. Catherine Elsworth, The Telegraph “The Tragic story behind Superman’s birth” acessed 30/04/2014
4. www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/pankration.htm accessed 1/05/14
Homer’s Iliad has been a European myth for many millennia , the long poetic narrative written in the 8th century B.C. recounts a fearsome war fought over a beautiful woman. The reliability of Homers Iliad as a true historical document has been challenged for hundreds of years and only through archaeological studies can the truth be deciphered. The Iliad was written five centuries after the war, where the stories had been passed down through the oral tradition, therefore the type of society reflected within the poems resemble much more the time of Homer . The fact and fiction of the Iliad has been uncovered through archaeology. Archaeologist found a site in which they thought to have been ‘Troy’ destroyed by the powerful country of Mycenae in the late Bronze Age. They found large amount of material culture from where they could reconstruct the society, this included pottery, engravings, murals and clay tablets. A reason for the Trojan War has always inspired great controversy. The Trojan War according to Homer was fought over the abduction of a beautiful women but this theory appears improbable. Other causes which could have sparked a war is Troy’s geographical positioning. This made it extremely opulent, where other countries of the Aegean would trade there goods and use its harbour. The Mycenaean’s being an extremely imperial, violent and militaristic country would have seen Troy as a great opportunity to gain territory and wealth, on this motive the war took place.
The film O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a reinterpretation of the epic poem The Odyssey. The Coen brothers, writers and directors of the film, did not over analyze their representation. “It just sort of occurred to us after we’d gotten into it somewhat that it was a story about someone going home, and sort of episodic in nature, and it kind of evolved into that,” says Joel Coen in Blood Siblings, “It’s very loosely and very sort of unseriously based on The Odyssey” (Woods 32). O Brother, Where Art Thou? contains ideas from The Odyssey for the sake of modernization and entertainment of an audience that comprehends the allusions to the epic. The Coen brothers utilize elements of Homer’s The Odyssey to improve and to give direction to O Brother, Where Art Thou?, a reinterpretation which was made simply to show that an epic-adventure such as The Odyssey could be modernized to apply to modern times.
While dignity, pride, honor, glory, fame, and revenge are still important in today’s society, these conditions are not nearly as important as they once were. People of modern times still seek fame to the same degree that the characters in The Iliad once did, but our means of receiving it have changed. In the times of The Iliad, lasting fame was more valuable to a person because they considered their name all that was left behind of them when they journeyed to the underworld. Today, we have more means of being remembered once we pass, such as pictures and even school records. In Homer’s era, warriors dreamed of eternal fame through rhapsodes’ retelling of their splendor on the battlefield. Instead of gaining fame through battle, people of today would attempt to become famous through a talent like singing or athleticism. We do not seek fame for our name to be carried once we die, but most of us would rather enjoy the fame we gather within our lifetimes. The characters in The Iliad are proof to this idea of legacy through fame. Hector speaks not of his fame, but his son’s fame when he says, “Then one day may someone say of him as he returns from war ‘He is better far off than his father’!” (137). I think our definition of fame has shifted since the years of Homer, and so has our techniques to obtain it. Today’s definition of fame is more superficial. According to Debra Shigley, J.D., there is a formula to achieve fame (Shigley, 2011). First, one must package his or her expertise with personal branding. Then, he or she uses publicity to become visible. Last, it is necessary to sell the original expertise at a significant price. While people of early times were concerned with fame that made them immortal, modern people are more concer...
Our understanding of Jewish and Christian history has changed dramatically with the publication of Caesar's Messiah by Joseph Atwill (Ulysses Press), which had previously been privately published under the title The Roman Origins of Christianity. According to Atwill, the Gospels are not accounts of the ministry of a historical Jewish Jesus compiled by his followers sixty years after his death. They are texts deliberately created to trick Messianic Jews into worshipping the Roman Emperor 'in disguise'. The essence of Atwill's discovery is that the majority of the key events in the life of Jesus are in fact satirical: each is an elegant literary play on a military battle in which the Jewish armies had been defeated by the Romans. This is an extraordinary claim-but supported by all the necessary evidence.
The multiple narrative of this epic encapsulates the tradition of oral storytelling and the fictional world of Greece culture. It also demonstrates the multiple heroic and noble men of the times. Storytelling was a form of entertainment during the ancient times and The Odyssey, along with the Iliad, became the backbone for which the fictional Greek literature was based upon.
The Odyssey was also very popular in it’s time. It was set in ancient Greece where in its culture; mythology was the heart of everyday life. The Greek Culture turned to mythology to explain different phenomena for which they had no scientific explanation and this was prominent in the epic the Odyssey.
Homer who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey used a number of different techniques to convey his poems and stories to his audience. I will be writing about these in this essay.
In book eight of Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus is on the island of the Phaeacians and is waiting to return home to Ithaca. Meanwhile, Alcinous, the Phaeacian king, has arranged for a feast and celebration of games in honor of Odysseus, who has not yet revealed his true identity. During the feast, a blind bard named Demodocus sings about the quarrel between Odysseus and Achilles at Troy. The song causes Odysseus to start weeping, so Alcinous ends the feast and orders the games to begin. During dinner after the games, Odysseus asks Demodocus to sing about the Trojan horse and the sack of Troy. This song too causes Odysseus to break down and cry. Homer uses a dramatic simile to describe the pain and sorrow that Odysseus feels as he recalls the story of Troy.
Over the thousands of years that the epic story the Iliad has survived, there has no doubt been some form of alteration to Homer’s original. Last May, Wolfgang Petersen directed a movie based on the Iliad. This movie, Troy, has proven to be a very loose adaptation of Homer’s original, as are almost all stories that are made into movies, unfortunately. With its timeless storyline, amazing scenery, gorgeous actors/actresses and most of all, its reported two hundred million dollar budget, it is easy to see why Troy was hyped up to be a box office hit. However, the film critics were harsh on this movie, as they had every right to be, and it ended up being a total flop. Compared to Homer’s Iliad, Troy is rather disappointing. But, to be fair, one must keep in mind the limitations of a movie compared to those of a book, and the fact that the title is Troy, not the Iliad. It really is not as bad as expected. Troy is Homer’s Iliad gone to Hollywood. There probably are just as many similarities as differences from the original. The three major upsetting differences in Troy compared to the Iliad are the absence of the Gods, the weak character and plot development, and the addition, exclusion, and reversal of key points.
Homer’s epic, the Odyssey, is a heroic narrative that follows the adventures of Odysseus, the powerful King of Ithaca. The main story involves Odysseus’s return journey to his homeland after the Trojan War. However, Homer skips around in the action periodically to give the reader a better understanding and interest in what is going on in the epic. Homer takes his audience from the present action involving Telemakhos’ search for news of his father’s return, to the past where Odysseus tells the Phaiakians of his tragic journey home after the war. The events in Homer’s epic are not in order but still prove more effective at guiding the reader through the narrative. Although the events in the Odyssey are not in chronological order, the story line is enriched by Homer’s use of the in media res method because it introduces characters that were not involved in Odysseus’ adventure, because it shows the urgency of Odysseus’ return to his kingdom, and because it allows the reader to become more interested in the opening chapters without having to wait for a climax in the action.
The Odyssey by Homer is a Greek epic about the journey and trials experienced by Odysseus, the protagonist. Despite being written in the 8th century, is still remains widespread and read by an array of audiences to this day. The notion that “Man is nothing without the gods.” is a motif that remains prevalent throughout the entirety of The Odyssey and other Greek texts. Poseidon and Athena serve of prime examples as one helps the mortals and one hinders.
Homer is credited for writing epics that generate source materials for the modern world. The Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer are captivating stories with fascinating heroic characters. The Homer stories share with classical mythology typical recurrent motifs. The two Homer epic poems focus on the Trojan War, and its result. The epic poems contain the Greek mythology featuring the Greek gods, goddesses, mythological creatures, and the Greek heroes, and heroines. In addition, the principal motifs typical of classical mythological hero stories are; the dominance of fate, evil fighting against the gods, and death. In both the classic mythology, and he modern fiction hero stories, the heroes always have a helper in their expedition, but ultimately, they have to stand alone, face the darkness, and conquer it in order to become victorious.
Mythology is an essential part of all cultures. Through myth, ancient cultures attempted to explain the world and make sense of their daily lives. Myth helps us to live in the minds and time period of people who lived many centuries ago with no technology, no running water, and a basic education. Greek myth is possibly the most commonly recognized myth simply because it is likely the most developed and best recorded. Modern Greek myth originated around 1000 B.C. in the writings of the famous Greek poet Homer in the Odyssey and the Illiad. Although early Greek myths are often vague and contain many primitive elements regarding their understanding of death, sacrifice, and fate, later myths show Greek culture developed and changed over time.
Divine Intervention is a “direct and obvious intervention by a god or goddess in the affairs of humans”. In various myths such as the Iliad, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and Herakles, divine intervention was called upon in order to restrain a hero’s destructive or too powerful forces. Although the divine intervention was used to impair different heroes, the purpose to constrain was the same in all the narratives.
The Iliad and the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they affect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immortal. The roles of the gods in the Odyssey are through two major gods and they affect the plot as Poseidon versus Odysseus and Athena versus Telemachus.