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Recommended: Victimology overview
Introduction: Victimology is the study of crimes from the victims’ own personal experience with the trauma they endured. Before creating a holistic victim restitution plan, there are things that must be understood and learned about the victim that is being treated. Creating a holistic victim restitution plan could be beneficial towards the emotional and mental healing steps for victims who don’t want to have medical interventions to complete their healing process.
I. I will approach creating a holistic plan for victim restitution by starting with understanding the victims needs for their specific situations. These needs involve the grief process they go through, the support system they currently have, how it is affecting their relationships with the ones they love, financial need (restitution from the state), and their overall willingness to participate so that they can get the help they need to heal.
II. The next steps after becoming a victim is to start the process of going through the courts for justice. This would mean
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Some contributing factors to becoming a victim are the offenders need for power to control another person, they often thrive on the fear of their victims. The second factor is gender related, meaning that women are seen as easier target than men. This is due to men being considered naturally aggressive while women are considered to be more passive. The last factor is the influence of alcohol or drugs. When under the influence, an individual would be more likely to become an offender because alcohol and drugs cause people to become aggressive in certain situations. Being under the influence could cause an individual to become a victim as well because they have lowered inhibition and are not aware of the decisions they are making (N.A, 2017). This is an opportunity for someone looking for a target because they could get them to get in their car, go to their homes, are talk them out of an area where they are safe to take advantage of
Young, M. (1999) Restorative community justice in the United States: A new paradigm. International Review of Victimology, 6, p265-277.
When the victim does not fit the ideal victim attributes which society has familiarised themselves with, it can cause complications and confusion. Experts have noticed there is already a significant presence of victim blaming, especially for cases involving both genders. The fear of being blamed and rejected by the public is prominent in all victims. Victim blaming proclaims the victim also played a role in the crime by allowing the crime to occur through their actions (Kilmartin and Allison, 2017, p.21). Agarin (2014, p.173) underlines the problem of victim blaming is due to the mass of social problems and misconceptions within society. The offender can have “an edge in court of public opinion” if victim blaming exists, resulting in the prevention of the case accomplishing an effective deduction in court (Humphries, 2009, p.27). Thus, victims will become more reluctant to report offences because of their decrease in trust in the police and criminal justice system, leading to the dark figure of
Whatever is the case, victims’ situations are self-generated and can be prevented if these potential victims can improve on their interpersonal skills. For example, there are two type of situations that are connected to victim precipitated homicide. The first situation is the situational rage where the victim engaged with the offender due to an
Over the years, the traditional criminal justice system has emphasized offenders’ accountability through punishment and stigmatization. The emphasis on the retributive philosophy made it challenging for the system to meaningfully assist and empower crime victims. In the criminal justice system, victims often face insensitive treatment with little or no opportunity for input into the perseverance of their case and report feeling voiceless in the process used (Choi, Gilbert, & Green, 2013:114). Crime Victims, advocates, and practitioners have called for an expansion of victims’ rights and community-based alternatives rather than punishment-orientated justice policies. What victims want from the criminal justice system is a less formal process, more information about case processing, respectful treatment, and emotional restoration. Therefore, there is a growing need to progress towards the restorative justice (RJ) system.
This approach has introduced a criminal justice policy agenda. In the past, victims to criminal activities have been outsiders to the criminal conflict. In recent times, many efforts have been made to give the victims a more central role in the criminal justice system. Some of these efforts were introduced a few years back, though even at that time, these efforts were seen as long overdue. Some of these efforts include access to state compensation and forms of practical support. For advocates of restorative justice, crime is perceived primarily as a violation of people and relationships, and the aim is to make amends for all the harm suffered by victims, offenders and communities. The most commonly used forms of restorative justice include direct mediation, indirect mediation, restorative cautioning, sentencing panels or circles and conferencing. In recent...
Alcohol, drugs, lifestyle, and location can also play a role in victim precipitation. A robbery/mugging victim could be at fault if they are intoxicated, on drugs, in a bad part of town, or walking alone at night. Even though they may not take into consideration that these things can play a role in being a victim of a violent crime, it is their responsibility to take precautionary measures to avoid finding themselves in the situation given. In this way, the victim has some contribution to the crime but the offender is the one with more or most
There are many different types of victims we have discussed over the course of this class, but we’re only going to talk about two types in the following paper. These two types of victims are common just as any another victim across America. These include sex assault victims and child abuse victims, which are both primary victims in cases. The two share a tie together, both are a victim of abuse and can cause lifelong consequences, but they also pose many differences as well. Many questions arise when talking about victims, for example why is a child or adult being abused and what are the life altering affects to these actions. Throughout this paper we discuss both sexual assault victims and child abuse victims and compare and contrast between the two.
“Restorative justice is an approach to crime and other wrongdoings that focuses on repairing harm and encouraging responsibility and involvement of the parties impacted by the wrong.” This quote comes from a leading restorative justice scholar named Howard Zehr. The process of restorative justice necessitates a shift in responsibility for addressing crime. In a restorative justice process, the citizens who have been affected by a crime must take an active role in addressing that crime. Although law professionals may have secondary roles in facilitating the restorative justice process, it is the citizens who must take up the majority of the responsibility in healing the pains caused by crime. Restorative justice is a very broad subject and has many other topics inside of it. The main goal of the restorative justice system is to focus on the needs of the victims, the offenders, and the community, and focus
“When people collectively come together and strategize and plan, working together and acting together, they create a power that they can effectively use in their situation to effect change.” (Rev. Dr. James Lawson, Jr.) This quote draws upon the essence of Restorative justice as it involves community building, reconciliation, and peace making. Restorative justice can be best described as an effective and unique way to address problems between both the victim and the offender. Restorative justice is a problem solving approach that brings the community, the victim, and the offender closer together and allows healing for those affected by the crime to move on with their lives. It has several aims such as holding the offender accountable for what
Restorative justice works in a timely manner it brings the victims, family members, and other
Hans von Hentig was a criminologist who wanted to find the “key ingredient” as to what made a victim of crime a victim (Doerner & Lab, 2012). He believed that the victim contributed perhaps not actively but to some degree to becoming a victim of a crime. In this determination he created a typology, a list of characteristics from social context to biological and psychological factors that would predispose a person to becoming a victim of crime. Those included the young, being female, elderly, immigrants and minorities, someone who is depressed or lonely, mentally incapacitated, greedy, and the promiscuous (Dodson, 2001).
Understanding the theories of victimology is important to understand the victims, we need to understand the four main theories of victimization. These theories are the principals of victim assessment. It will give the officer the tools to understand the motive behind the victimization giving him different types of views to analyze the victim. The four main theories of victimization are: Victim Precipitation, Lifestyle, Deviant Place, and Routine Activity. These four theories according to victimology give us the idea of how the victim become to be a victim. The word Victimization meanings “an act that exploits or victimizes someone” and “adversity resulting from being made a victim” (Vocabulary.com. Dictionary Victimization (2017)). By understanding the victim and the influences of their social life is important so we can give the victim the treatment and
Victims and victimology: research, policy and practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Hall, M., 2009a. Victims of crime in policy making: local governance, local responsibility? Howard Journal of Criminal Justice.
Victimology puts first understanding the roles that the victims played in the crime and what caused them to be victimized, such as their actions and their behavior that took place during the crime. “The study of victimology is a fairly new subset in the study of criminology and emerged in the 1940s and 1950s. The early work of German scholar Hans von Hentig focused upon the need to examine the relationship between the victim and the criminal act” (Doerner & Lab, 2008). “He developed a classification typology of crime victims and argued that there were not only physical elements to consider (i.e. female, frail), but also various social and psychological disadvantages common to many crime victims” (Doerner & Lab, 2008). For example, when one has been in an abusive relationship for so long, they become so accustomed to what they are going through that it makes it so much more harder to leave their abuser, even if the abuse they experienced has been ongoing physical, emotional, or mental
There is a strong demand and need to know why certain individuals become victims. Many studies have been done on differing victims to learn who and why they are susceptible to victimization. Johan Thorsten Sellin, an American sociologists and considered to be one of the pioneers of scientific criminology, together with Marvin Eugene Wolfgang, also an American sociologist and criminologist came up with five victim typologies in 1964. Based on their classifications, it is explained why victims become victims and those they are victimized. (Meadows, 2001).