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Reaserch paper on mumps
Reaserch paper on mumps
Reaserch paper on mumps
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The Mumps virus seems to have been around since ancient times. Research says that the virus has been documented or recorded by the Hippocrates in 5th century BCE (Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases). We give credit to Johnson and Goodpasture for helping determine how the virus is spread. This particular virus has been and still is known worldwide but became a reportable disease in the United States in 1968. The history behind the Mumps is not very detailed but today we are able to prevent this disease here in the US.
The structure of the Mumps is a single stranded RNA virus. Its genus is the Rubulavirus which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family . The Mumps virus is an acute virus that could become very harmful if not treated. Although it is not very prevalent in the United States anymore when outbreaks happen things can become very serious very quickly. Of course these outbreaks come from natural occurrences of people who have not been vaccinated (which will be discussed later) and have never had the disease. In earlier years the mumps virus mostly occurred in babies and children and also within the military but now if there is an occurrence, it is mostly found in adults.
In order to be infected with the mumps virus one must be in direct contact with it . The virus is spread though salivary and respiratory secretions of its host which are humans (Marjorie, K.C.). Whether though kissing or through droplets of a simple sneeze the virus is spread very easily and is also very contagious. Once infected with the virus the normal nonspecific symptoms begin to occur such as headaches, malaise and muscle pain. Only after about 16-18 days will you see specific symptoms such as parotitis whic...
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...careful and to know the symptoms because waiting too long could have serious and harmful effects.
Works Cited
ACC. (2013). Measles and Mumps Tests. Retrieved from http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/measles/tab/test
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html#features
Marjorie, K.C., (2013). Microbiology Fundamentals a Clinical Approach. McGraw-Hill. New York. NY
McLean, H.Q. Fiebelkorn, P.A. (2013) Prevention of Measles, Rubella, Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and Mumps, 2013, 62(4), 6-7. Retrieved from http://ezp.gvltec.edu:2073/pdf29_30/pdf/2013/1CEF/14Jun13/90159230.pdf?T=P&P=AN&K=2012255934&S=R&D=rzh&EbscoContent=dGJyMMvl7ESeqLQ4y9f3OLCmr0yeqLFSrqe4SraWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMOXo433s7OpT69fnhrnb5ofx6gAA
Amirthalingam G. Strategies to control pertussis in infants (2013) Arch Dis Child 98(7):552-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ archdischild-2012-302968. PMid:23698594
The first discovery was made in 1952, in the developing field of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and how they behave. To develop the vaccines for the viruses, researchers infected the HeLa cells with many types of infections, such as measles, mumps, and the infamous poliomyelitis virus, also known as Polio. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose mission is to save lives and protect people’s health security, Polio is a "crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis" (Freeman). Jonas Salk, who was a virologist at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), used inactivated viruses (virus particles grown in culture and then killed by a form of heat) to create a polio vaccine. Salk drew blood from about two million children, which the NFIP checked for immunization.Through the collection of many HeLa cells and trial and error, the polio vaccine wa...
The article’s information is presented with the goal of informing a reader on vaccines. The evidence is statistical and unbiased, showing data on both side effects and disease prevention, providing rates of death and serious illness from both sides. This evidence is sourced from a variety of medical organizations and seems reliable, logical, and easily understood, no language that would inspire an emotional response is used. The validity of studies is not mentioned in the article, but it does encourage readers to investigate further to help make a decision. The article allows a reader to analyze the presented evidence and come to their own
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Pink Book "Tetanus" N.p.: n.p., n.d. Http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web.
Mumps is a paramyxovirus that is closely related to the parainfluenza virus. Its symptoms were first described in the 5th century BC, and it was a very common childhood affliction until the last several decades. It was identified as a virus in 1934, and an effective vaccine was developed in 1967. Mumps is acquired by aerosol, necessitating close human interaction for spread. Human beings are the only known reservoir for mumps virus, and there is only one serotype.
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
Rau, Thomas, MD. "Paracelsus Klinik’s Recommendations on Vaccination." Marion Institute. Marion Institute, 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a Paramyxovirus virus. Paramyxovirus virus is the important pathogens of humans and are a common cause of respiratory disease in children. Children younger than 15 sometimes adults can get this disease. Older individuals are less likely to have been vaccinated and can still get the sickness as well. Some symptoms of this disease has been, fevers up to 103 degrees fahrenheit, headache muscle aches, weakness and fatigue, loss of appetite, pain when chewing or swallowing Swollen glands in the neck.
Vaccinations have significantly reduced the disease rate throughout the world. Usually, vaccines prove to be between 90 and 99 percent effective. This reduces disease and mortality rate by thousands every year (Jolley and Douglas 1). On average, vaccines save the lives of 33,000 innocent children every year (“Vaccines” 1). In addition, if a vaccinated child did contract the vaccine’s targeted illness, that child would, in general, have more mild symptoms than an unvaccinated child that contracts the same illness. These vaccinated children will have less serious complications if they do contract the disease; they will be much more treatable, and have a lower risk of death (Jolley and Douglas 2). The risks of not vaccinating greatly outweigh the small risks of vaccination. Diseases like measles and mumps can cause permanent disability. While there i...
In the 1800’s the measles was a very dangerous disease, and when people who come in contact with it will die, if they have never been exposed to the virus before. The measles is transmitted through the air. The way that the virus is transmitted is that infected droplets are released by coughing, sneezing, and by talking. When the infected droplets that contain the measles are in the air, they are taken into the body through the mouth, nose and eyes of the potential person that could get the virus. People with low respiratory tract, which is the lungs and bronchi, are more likely to get the infection. During the next two to four days after the infection penetrates the body, the measles virus replicates in the respiratory cells and then spreads to the draining lymph nodes, where it reproduces again. Then it moves into the blood stream, carried by the white blood cells. This results in the virus being carried all over the body, which leads to infecting other places inside the body. During this time, the infected person feels fine and the measles infection and incubation stages are very unnoticeable. The next stage of the measles happens after eight to twelve days. The infected person has symptoms of fever, weakness and loss of appetite. Coughing and running of the eyes and nose are also seen. Now the infection is spreading all over the tissues through out the body. They also trigger the body’s immune system, which causes the symptoms. When the measles virus infects the immune system and interacts with the antibodies and T cells, a measles rash begins on the face and very quickly spreads to the body, arms and legs. The fever and cough become more intense after the fifth day. The rash turns into 3-4 mm red maculopapular lesions, which are flat and slightly raised. Pretty much this virus starts on the face, behind the ears, and moves downward all over the body. After awhile the rash begins to disappear, but the immune system is still weak. Making people who were infected with the measles more prone to other infections, making the immune system more susceptible to become infected, which in the early days of the measles caused many deaths.
In 1978, the U.S. Public Health Service started vaccinating for measles. All school age children were vaccinated. Two years later the measles virus occurring went down 99 percent. Now days, measles is very rare and all children are vaccinated for it. Measles Measles is a highly contagious disease.
Vaccinations are not as dangerous as people make them seem, but not getting vaccinated is. Frances Childs states that “as the number of children who have not been immunized increases, so, too, does the likelihood of measles spreading”. Immunizations work by injecting a small amount of the virus into the patient (both children and adults). The patient’s immune system then builds up antibodies to fight against the virus, thus building immunity against the disease much more effectively. Vaccinations have a 90-100 percent chance of success.
Mumps can be transmitted in different way and can spread in a short amount of time.
[Measles] is extremely contagious: on average, 90% of those exposed to someone with the measles will get the disease themselves unless they’ve been vaccinated … Since MMR reached widespread use, measles cases in the country have been reduced by more than 99% In the United States, ongoing measles transmission was declared eliminated in 2000 (The History of Vaccines 2016).
Measles is a very dangerous virus that is contracted very easily. Measles is caused by a virus from the paramyxovirus family, it is passes through various ways of direct contact, and through the air as well. The virus first infects the respiratory tract and then spread throughout the entire body within days. The symptoms are similar to the common cold or flu, only measles is a far more extreme virus than the flu. You first get a high fever which starts to occur less than 2 weeks after being exposed to the virus, the high fever will last between 4 and 5 days. Along with a fever you will experience a runny nose, coughing, red and watery eyes and small white splotches inside the cheeks. After a few days, the symptoms will begin to get more severe