Hemophilia is an inherited disease which slows the blood clotting process due to missing or reduced clotting factor proteins. Although uncommon, it is possible for Hemophilia to be acquired if the body produces antibodies that attack clotting factors. Only 30% of Hemophilia cases are due to spontaneous mutations. Hemophilia is a rare disorder. Approximately 1 in 5000 males has Hemophilia. The disorder is much more common in males than females. It is estimated that over 400000 individuals worldwide (.006% of the world’s population) have Hemophilia (National Hemophilia Foundation). Individuals with Hemophilia do not lose blood at a faster rate than others but they do bleed for longer. Small cuts and bruises are not usually life threatening but any serious injury or invasive surgery has the potential to be life threatening because of this disorder. Hemophilia can also cause internal bleeding, which can cause organ or tissue damage. This can be life threatening as well. There are two types of Hemophilia. Hemophilia A is due to the individual producing low levels of clotting factor VIII while Hemophilia B is due to the individual producing low levels of clotting factor IX. Clotting factors are proteins which interact with platelets so that clots can be formed. Clotting factors allow the platelets to clump together to seal cuts and tears in blood vessels to prevent excessive bleeding. Hemophilia can be mild moderate or severe depending on the amount of clotting factor in the blood. Individuals with mild Hemophilia have 6% to 49% of the normal amount of clotting factor. Individuals with moderate hemophilia have 1% to 5%, while those with severe have less than 1% of the normal clotting factor (National Hemophilia Foundation). Indivi...
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...p bruises, joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding, unexplained and excessive bleeding or bruising, blood in your urine or stool, prolonged bleeding from cuts or injuries or after surgery or tooth extraction, nosebleeds without a known cause, tightness in your joints, unusual bleeding after immunizations, or excessive bleeding after surgery” (Mayo Clinic).
For mild hemophilia, treatment is often not required. Replacement therapy can be used to for moderate hemophilia. It requires the individual to blood infusions and can be done from at home. There is also Desmopressin which can be used for moderate Hemophilia which replenishes factor VIII proteins. Gene therapy is the newest and most promising treatment but is not safer than Desmopressin or replacement therapy. It’s usually a one-time treatment that transfers genes using viral or lysosome vectors.
What is the physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and painful?How is this different than the inflammatory response that might occur in an internal organ?
Thrombocytopenia affects 6% to 10% of all pregnant women and, other than anemia, is the most common hematologic disorder in pregnancy (McCrae, 2010). The blood consists of three main ingredients: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each plays an essential function to provide the human body with elements and protects the body against any exterior viral and infection. Platelets are responsible to help blood to clot. The deficiency or disorder of platelets lead to disease called Thrombocytopenia. This issue is diagnosed when platelets are less than 150,000 platelets per microliter of blood (Erkurt, et. al, 2012).
In some individuals with severe hemophilia, the factor VIII replacement therapy is identified as a foreign substance by their immune system. If this happens, their immune system will make antibodies against factor VIII. These antibodies will inhibit the ability of the factor to work in the clotting process. The higher the antibody or inhibitor level, the more factor VIII replacement therapy it takes to overcome the inhibition and produce clotting. This can complicate the treatment of a bleed. The good news is that there are different types of therapies available to successfully treat most individuals who develop inhibitors.
There is no cure for hemophilia yet but they can stop or keep the bleeding episodes from happening by injecting themselves with “purified clotting factors.” Additional treatment is necessary only if the purified clotting factors were attacked by the person’s immune system.
Haemophilia is used to describe a collection of hereditary genetic diseases that affect a mammal’s body’s capability to control thrombogenesis. Thrombogenesis is the way in which blood clots which is an important role in haemostasis. Two common forms of haemophilia are A and B. (1) Someone with A (otherwise known as classic haemophilia), clotting factor VIII is does not exist enough or is entirely absent. A person with haemophilia B (otherwise known as Christmas disease), clotting factor does not exist enough or is also entirely absent. Those with the disorder do not bleed a lot they just simply bleed for a longer period of time. All people with haemophilia A or B are born with the disorder as it is a hereditary disorder and passed down through generations very few cases of haemophilia are not genetic and are therefore rendered a spontaneous gene mutation which is then passed down.
Hemophillia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. Hemophillia is usually inherited and people born with it have little or no clotting factor (a protein needed for normal blood clotting). These proteins work together with platelets to help the blood clot. When blood vessels are injured, clotting factors help platelets stick together to plug cuts and breaks on the vessels. Hemophillia usually occurs in males with about 1 in every 5 000 males being born with the disease each year. A hemophiliac does not bleed more intensely than a person without it but can bleed for a much longer time. In some severe cases, continuous bleeding occurs after minor trauma or can even happen spontaneously.They may also bleed inside their body(internally), especially in the knees, ankles, and elbows. The bleeding can damage organs and tissues and may be life threatening. There are two main types of hemophilia: A and B. People born with type A are missing or have low levels of clotting factor VIII (1 in 5 000 males). People born with type B are missing or have low levels of clotting factor IX (1 in 20 000 males). About 8 out of 10 people who have hemophillia have type A. The greatest concern for both types is deep internal bleeding and bleeding into joints. Hemophilia is a life long disease, but with proper treatment and self-care, most people maintain an active productive lifestyle.
Scientists are also studying gene therapy as a good treatment for sickle cell anemia. One day, doctors may be able to stop the disease by changing or replacing the abnormal gene that causes sickle cell anemia.
act of sexual means such as oral, anal, kissing and genital contact. One of the most commonly reported STD in the United States is Chlamydia. The number of this infection is gradually increasing worldwide and costing billions of dollars to health care systems. Today, there is not set type of screening practice or a vaccine available for this infection to decrease globally. Presently, the only treatment available to help ease with the problem, temporarily, is in the form of an antibiotic, which has failed to halt the increase. As a result of this quickly spreading disease, the need for a vaccination to reduce the rate of the spread is desperately needed.
Before WWI, the practice of medicine was far from how it has developed into today. The practice was not advanced, and therefore, had few concrete methods. However, with the beginning of the First World War, there was a great push to improve these methods. Although the war caused much illness and death, it also catalyzed many improvements such as blood transfusions, x-rays, vaccines, and sanitation.
Immediately after wounding, the first phase of hemostatsis sets in motion with vascular constriction which restricts the blood flow in the blood vessels followed by the platelets plug formation which creates a temporary blockage of blood flow and then coagulation takes place with fibrin clot formation. The clot and surrounding tissue release pro-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-13, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
ITP is a blood disorder that causes bruising and excessive bleeding, it is caused by your platelets getting too low, making your blood not clot correctly. When people with ITP get really low platelets their blood will be very slow to clot making Internal bleeding or bleeding on or under the skin result. ITP usually occurs when the immune system produces antibodies against platelets. Symptoms include easy or excessive bruising, bleeding from the gums or nose, and blood in the urine or stool. ITP is caused by a genetic mutation, some types of inherited thrombocytopenia are easy to find. The platelets can be almost as large as red blood cells or very small. Sometimes it is very difficult to diagnose or go undiagnosed because there are no specific
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of a fetus or embryo from the uterus before viability (dictionary.com). Those who disagree with abortion think that this is not right, mid evil and a form of murder. All of those thoughts are correct; abortion is the act of removing a fetus from the protection of the mother’s uterus. However, is it not the duty of the mother to protect her unborn child? In this day in age, we are still allowing this barbaric method of ending a pregnancy to happen despite the many alternatives. If an unexpected pregnancy should occur, abortion should not the only option. There are many reasons why abortion should not be illegal in all parts of the world, and people need to know the options available. Adoption is certainly a strong option in a world wanting for children. Abortion is not a method of birth control and people need to be educated on pregnancy prevention and take on some responsibilities.
Gene therapy enables patients to survive incurable diseases. In the field of genetic diseases, ADA-SCID, CGD and hemophilia are three main ones. ADA-SCID is known as the bubble boy disease. CGD is related to immune system that would lead to fungal infections which are fatal. Patients with Hemophilia are not able to induce bold bleeding (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). Gene therapy also has good effects on cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Viral infections, including influenza, HIV and hepatitis can also be treats by it (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). According to the Science Daily in 2011, gene therapy now can apply to heart failures and neurologic diseases as well.
Abortion is a medical procedure where a woman's ends her pregnancy and the death of her fetus. Abortion is one of the worlds most talked about topics and in some countries it is a crime to abort a child, some it is not. There are two types of abortion are for women, medical and surgical. Medical abortion is different from the surgical abortion medical abortion relies on medication which is giving from doctor. Surgical abortion is a process where a doctor goes in and removes the baby himself. I believe that abortion is wrong, but in the case of rape I believe it’s okay for a women to abort a child. Laws on abortion varies from country to country. In these essay I will address the differences in several other countries. For example, countries Belgium, Brazil, Canada, and Cuba.
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that causes a person’s blood not to clot. This causes bleeding to continue without being stopped by blood clotting. The big issue of the disorder is when the person experiences internal bleeding, but only in some cases does this occur. There are different levels and types of hemophilia, but the main problem of blood not clotting is always present. Although a person can be treated so that they can live active, hemophilia may last for the person’s whole life.