Hemoglobin Lab Report

The human body transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells by the help of hemoglobin - red protein molecule that comprise of four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group - where it has the role of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells. Oxygen get transported through the bloodstream by hemoglobin, it binds to the smaller protein structures of hemoglobin to move throughout the bloodstream. Hemoglobin carries around 98% while traveling through the bloodstream. In contrast to oxygen, carbon dioxide is also get transported through the bloodstream by hemoglobin, where there is a structure of protein inside the hemoglobin that lets carbon dioxide binds to it so they can be moved through the

bloodstream. Unlike oxygen, hemoglobin carries only 10% of the carbon dioxide with it inside the bloodstream with is about 88% less than oxygen. From this, we can see that the amount of carbon dioxide that is being removed from our body is being much slower than the incoming oxygen. Aside from hemoglobin having the role of transporting oxygen, hemoglobin can also transport nitric oxide (NO) where it will be released at the same time as oxygen is being released, in addition, hemoglobin can also act as a molecular heat transducer and it can also modulates erythrocyte metabolism.

We are able to control the breathing and determine the correct depth and rate of breaths during the process of inhalation and exhalation due to the respiratory system; a set of organs that allows a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body and the brain, where the brain determines the need for and control the breathing rate and depth whenever the medulla oblongata detects the level of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) changes where our brain will automatically adjusts it accordingly so that we can have a stable breathing rate and depth without a lot of big inhalation or exhalation.

The brain regulates the level of breathing based on the oxygen levels detected. Likewise, the brain constantly communicates and sends signals down the spine so that it can receive information on the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and if the level of one or both fall below a certain rate, signals are send to the respiratory system, forwarding to the lungs, where they have the responsibility controlling the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide and likewise adjust and maintain the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide to be balanced. When these two are unbalanced, it could cause homeostasis to fall off balance as well and could lead to death or serious damages to the internal

organs.

These things can happen without creating a pH problem because of the buffer, where the buffer has the role of resist the changes in pH inside the bloodstream. pH is the abbreviation for potential of hydrogen. The main buffer that has this role is the bicarbonate buffer system where it maintains not only the pH level that is inside our body but the homeostasis; the tendency of having an equilibrium temperature between the internal organs. When the homeostasis dies or goes wrong, the worst case is death. Based on my knowledge about the bicarbonate buffer system and pH or the potential of hydrogen, these are the bigger pictures for the bicarbonate buffer system where it not only has the role of maintaining the pH level, but when the pH level is maintained properly, it can aid with the transportation oxygen and carbon dioxide, how we breath, and to the overall is that it functions altogether with the respiratory system to keep not only us alive but the organs to be alive so that we are not violating homeostasis where it could lead to death.