Heidegger and the Logic of Categorical Syllogisms
According to traditional syllogistic logic, which has its roots in Aristotle, there are four types of propositions: the A proposition ("All S are P"), the E proposition ("No S are P"), the I proposition ("Some S are P"), and the O proposition ("Some S are not P"). These propositional types represent all of the possible combinations of the dichotomies of affirmative/negative and universal/particular. Each makes a claim that a certain essent (the particular I and O propositions) or an entire class of essents (the universal A and E propositions), the subject or subject-class, relates in some way (belongs or does not belong) to a class of essents designated by the predicate of the proposition. The traditional, or Aristotelian, standpoint for evaluating the truth or falsity of these propositions assumes that each class designated by a term in the subject and predicate actually exists. This allows certain conclusions to be drawn regarding the relationship between the truth values about different types of propositions, and these relationships are symbolized visually in a diagram called the "Traditional Square of Opposition." (These relationships are designated as "contradictory," "subalternate," "contrary," and "subcontrary.") The modern, or Boolean, interpretation of Aristotle's syllogistic logic, however, makes no assumptions about the existence of the classes denoted by the subject and predicate terms of a proposition. Because of this, there are fewer conclusions that one is able to draw about the relationships between the truth-values of different propositions. (The only relationship on the modern square of opposition is the relationship denoted by the term "contradictory....
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...ways of thinking in the West -- the metaphysical-philosophical and the scientific-technical. (Steiner 28) Philosophy, as it was understood up to Heidegger's time, was the heir of these traditions. It is both the cause and the heir of the forgetting of being in the West. Syllogistic logic, as a part of philosophy, is also both heir and cause of this central concern of the twentieth century, and this "[obscuring] its everyday function as a grammatical copula" (Steiner 38) is both cause and symptom of the forgetting of being -- and all of the problems of the twentieth century.
References
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Steiner, George. Martin Heidegger. New York: Penguin, 1978.
8. Paul Arthur Schilpp, as noted in Steven J. Bartlett's ``Philosophy as Ideology'', Metaphilosophy, Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan. 1986, pp. 1ff. This article is a penetrating critique of the closed-mindedness of philosophers.
Western philosophy has been for the most part in serious error for the last three centuries. The book the Ten Philosophical Mistakes by Mortimer J. Adler sets out to explain where most of modern philosophical mistakes where made by the philosophers of the seventeenth century. Adler was considered to be one of the most well spoken philosophers of the 20th century and he proves that, throughout his book, when he disputes the flawed reasoning’s and introduces us to the correct reasoning’s. Adler was referred to as “the philosopher for the everyman”, because he recognized the massive importance of correct philosophical ideas in everyday life and tried to state the complex idea in terms that someone who is not a philosophy major can easily understand. Although he puts things in simple to understand ways he still uses precise words. When Adler gives examples he uses the most down to earth everyday examples so readers can relate to
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Cries ring out in the dead of night from the black people of the southern states in Tennessee, as mysterious figures in white robes with hoods ride on their horses. To most they were thought of as the Confederate soldier’s ghosts riding and terrorizing the blacks. People wanted to know who these mysterious riders are and why they are terrorizing the black people of the south. Since they were wearing all white robes they could not tell their identity leading to more confusion. They became known as the Invisible Empire due to the fact that there were hundreds of them but nobody knew who they really were. Later in the Invisible Empires history we find out that these mysterious ghost riders are a part of the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan was an organization meant to preserve the southern way of life. They use forms of intimidation to scare the black people such as riding through the night on horses. It was first started as something for ex-confederate soldiers to do since they were not fighting the war anymore but soon these small threats and intimidation turned into a violent hate group. Through the Ku Klux Klan’s history we see its practices and beliefs evolve from a fun, social organization to a worldwide feared hate group.
The Ku Klux Klan A cult is a type of religious organization that stands apart from the
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who helps him on the way. The presence of law and justice is always in
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If there is a case similar to another but it has been heard in a lower
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