TOMATO
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crop grown throughout the world. Tomato belongs to the family solanaceae. Tomato is a red colour fruit but considered as a vegetable and grows in a summer. The Tomato is originated from South and Central America. The top producers of tomato throughout the world are China, India, U.S and Turkey. The top producers of tomato in India are Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. Tomato considered as Functional food as it not only provides nutrition but also helps in prevention of many diseases and improves health. Tomato contains many important phytochemicals and the most important phytochemicals tomato have is lycopene. Lycopene is
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Lycopene have many health benefits including it helps to prevent heart diseases, prevent prostate cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. All these health benefits make Tomato one of the most important vegetable crop for consumption. Tomato contain important nutrients that are Vitamin C, K,A, E, B1, B3 and B6, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Folate, Fibre, Choline, Protein, K, Cu, Mn, Mo, Fe, Zn and Cr. All these nutrients help in improving the health and prevent many diseases. Tomato is infected with many viruses during handling, green house condition or through vector such as fly. The viruses that grow on Tomato are Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tomato curly top virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Tomato mosaic virus etc. Tomato leaf curl virus is the most common virus infect tomato plant. Tomato leaf curl virus is one of the most damaging pathogen that causes destructive diseases in …show more content…
The ToLCNDV was first found in India in 1995 and first reported in solanaceae crop. ToLCNDV is a bipartite (more than one genomic components), circular, single stranded DNA genome and affects solanaceae crop around the world. ToLCNDV have genomic components DNA A (size 2.7 kb), DNA B (size 2.7 kb), DNA Beta (commonly known as betasatellite and size is 1.4 kb) that has been recently found. DNA A contain 6 genes that are av1 that encode AV1 protein is a coat protein and used to encapsulate ssDNA and form virus particle and protect the viral DNA by encapsulating it, av2 gene that encode AV2 protein which is a pre coat protein that helps in the movement of the virus, ac1 gene encodes AC1 protein which is replication initiation protein that initiates viral replicaion, ac2 gene that encode AC2 protein which is transactivator protein that control late gene expression and involved in RNAi suppression, ac3 gene encodes AC3 protein which is replication enhancer protein which enhances viral replication and ac4 gene encodes AC4 protein that is essential for symptom development. DNA B contain two proteins Nuclear Shuttle Protein (NSP) and Movement Protein (MP) are essential for the spread of infection, it helps in the movement of viral DNA to the nucleus for the initiation of new round of infection, this protein are responsible for the pathogenicity and are virulence factor. MP protein is
Tomatoland is a book written by Barry Estabrook, an investigative food journalist. Throughout the pages of Tomatoland, Estabrook explores the path of tomatoes, from the seed in South America to the hands of migrant workers in the fields of Florida. Through his exploration he discovers several issues that exist within the fresh tomato industry in Florida. Two of the major issues that he discovers include the use of highly toxic chemicals that cause severe damage to the health of humans and the environment, and the exploitation of migrant workers. Estabrook directly blames the continuation of such issues on those who support the tomato industry, “it’s a world we’ve all made, and one we can fix”; this includes consumers, crew bosses, the government and the corporate farm owners, like the executives and those who work in the business side of farming. Although there are many who are at fault, Estabrook directs his blame more towards the government and the farms corporate owners. Estabrook’s assessment of blame is substantial because the government and owners of the tomato corporations are the ones who have the strongest power towards regulations and production.
Life, such a broad yet concise topic. A multitude of different people and cultures offer different opinions on what gives life value and how to obtain satisfaction in our lives. For example, the typical “American Dream” is defined as attaining wealth and success through hard work, while many Spanish cultures consider closeness within a family a valuable trait in life. Whether it is family, success, love, or faith, every citizen in each different culture finds what brings him or her joy and does whatever it takes to reach this satisfaction. There are three specific aspects of my life which make life worth living; these include my faith, my family, and the talents I have been blessed with.
This virus searches for a new vulnerable host in order to survive and carry the disease to the next victim. The critical aspect around the spread of a virus is how drastically the reproduction process occurs. Without being controlled, the contamination throughout any species causes the spread to take place in a toxic way, “On day one, there were two people. And then, four, and then, sixteen. In three months, it’s a billion.
Salsa is a well known dish that is made in many ways. In the original times, it was made with a coalescence of chilies, tomatoes, and other spices. The original way of making salsa has been altered since the beginning. It originated back in the times of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations(“History Of Salsa Food”). According to “History of Salsa Sauce”, The origin of salsa came from the South American region, mainly from the Spanish speaking countries (Lifestylelounge,lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/history-of-salsa-food). The Spanish people found tomatoes and they added the ingredient into the
A previous study, looked at by the researchers, stated that nuclear localization signals are what allow the RNA to enter the nucleus (Wu W, Pante N. 2009). This persuaded them to ask the question of whether or not there was a nuclear localization signal within a viral protein of HCRSV. The localization of P23 was then tested using a transient expression method. The results of their experiment showed that there was a strong signal detected in the nucleus of the Kenaf leaf samples. This proved that P23 was in fact localized in the nucleus and that a nuclear localization signal is present in P23 (Gao R, Liu P, Wong SM. 2012). It was also found that P23 has the ability to bind to carrier proteins that come into the nucleus. This showed that even if P23 was not localized in the nucleus, it could still enter. The mode of entry into the nucleus was discovered to by α-importin (Gao R, Liu P, Wong SM. 2012) . This was discovered by experimenting with a probe of anti-importin α antibody. α-importin was only detected in the protein extract of P23 in the nucleus of the HCRSV-infected Kenaf sample (Gao R, Liu P, Wong SM. 2012). Researchers concluded from their results of the experiments that α-importin, P23, and HCRSV RNA form a complex that enters the nucleus to begin replication of the
...ut 10%. This is despite of obtaining high virus titers. Symptomless plants are regarded as carriers of PVX and are an important source of infection. Under more severe conditions, necrotic streaks and severe mosaic, crinkling and rugosity of the leaves can occur. Especially upon mixed infections with potato virus Y (PVY), the yield loss can be up to 50%.
"Unstoppable plant diseases" do not threaten our world. Crop pestilences are nothing new and have existed all-throughout the thousands of years that humans have grown their own food. In fact, ancient agrarians had it even harder than we do today because they were completely reliant upon rainfall, as they did not have advanced irrigation systems.
...to plant, Solanum lycopersicum, conferring disease resistance has also been shown to be beneficial to health, as the modification results increased nutrient content, antioxidant activity, and lycopene concentration [3]. By insertion of rolB gene from A. rhizogenes into tomatoes, there are beneficial effects. Though this is one case of success, it is definite that researchers can eventually research and produce successful products of biotechnology.
Santa Ana, Rod. "Spinach Genes May Stop Deadly Citrus Disease." AgriLife Today. Texas A&M AgriLife, 26 Mar 2012. Web. 5 Dec 2013. .
Organic food has become so popular these days, since people especially in United States are making a commitment to have a good start towards a healthier life. People often doubt whether the organic food is really healthier and more nutritious? Why does it cost so expensive? Well, first of all, the term “organic” is referring to the way agricultural products are grown and processed which later on will affected the quality of the food. In order for a product to be labeled as “organic”, they must meet several specific conditions and requirements. Consuming organic food will not only affect health, but also the existence of animals as well as the food resource and the environment.
Lycopene is a member of the carotenoids pigment family that conveys bright red color to many plants. Its name is obtained primarily from tomato. Lycopene is currently considered one of the most efficient antioxidants, protecting against free radicals that accelerate aging and damage critical parts of the cell (Liu, 2008). Recent studies have shown an inverse relationship between intake of tomatoes along with tissue lycopene levels and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Nutrition is a very controversial and confusing topic. One day coffee is bad for you, but the next day it is good. Alcohol is detrimental for our health one day, but the next day red wine is the elixir of life. There are dozens of diet plans and they promise a leaner and healthier body. There is the 3-Hour Diet that involves constantly eating small portions of anything we want to eat. The latest diet craze, the Paleo Diet, is based upon eating foods that our “hunter-gatherer ancestors” would have thrived on during the Paleolithic era. And there is the Blood Type Diet, the South Beach Diet, the Macrobiotic Diet, the Mediterranean Diet, and the list goes on. But who and what should we believe? Well, there is an optimal diet for humans and the answer might surprise many.
Fruits and vegetables are important components of our diet. We take fruits in raw state or in the form of juices, while vegetables are taken in the cooked form or sometimes as juices. Fruits and vegetables provide us carbohydrates, proteins and various other important organic compounds. The juices are rich sources of minerals, vitamins and many micronutrients (calcium, iron etc.) essential for us. For example, iron deficiency in humans causes anaemia and anaemic persons are advised to take leafy vegetables e.g. spinach and apples which fills up the iron deficiency.
Would you enjoy having fresh, delicious, luscious vegetables to eat all summer long that cost you almost nothing? I know I would. Well, now you can have your veggies and eat them too. Try building your own vegetable garden. It can fit all sizes of yards and decks. You just need to pick the location and type of garden. Next, you will prepare the garden site and work the soil. Finally, you will plan the specifics and plant your garden. With some care and patience, you will be enjoying the fruits of your labor in no time.
Plant nutrition is area of plant biology that is of the utmost importance for the proliferation of plants. Without proper nutrition, plants would simply cease to exist unless drastic alterations were made. There are certain elements that are required for the plant to grow and reproduce; these elements are known as essential elements. There are three requirements of an essential element: the element must be required for the completion of the plant’s life cycle, the element must not be replaceable by another element in whole, and finally the element must be direction involved in the metabolism of the plant. Chemical compounds that are involved in proper nutrition have been designated as nutrients, and further classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are needed for growth, metabolism, and many other functions, but are designated as “macro” because they are required in larger amounts. Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fat molecules. Micronutrients have a much wider function that depends on the exact micronutrient. Micronutrients are designated as so because they are needed in much smaller amounts when compared to macronutrients. Examples of micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.