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“It’s a hard-knock life,” as so eloquently stated by little orphan Annie, is not only a catchy song, but a statement which has held true for decades. Throughout the Modern Era, life was indeed hard-knock, whether it be during the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Depression, or World War I, and the era as a whole held the difficulty of human life on a wide scale, as well as the difficulty on an individual scale.
Although cities during the Modern Era were sometimes thought of as prosperous parts of the “American Dream,” that appearance was only superficial. When one actually took a step into the heart of a large city during this time, one realized how unpleasant some cities were. For example, Manhattan, albeit it held magnificently “shining towers,”
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Amidst this time, people, whether rich or poor, had plethoras of reasons to be depressed. For example, some of the wealthy people, even though they were attractive both mentally and physically, were not happy with their lives, and in the worst case, they “went home and put a bullet through his head” (“Richard Cory” 882). Likewise, even some wealthy women who had multitudes of men tied around their fingers felt unhappy with their lives despite being “more beautiful than anybody else” (Fitzgerald 955). Such unhappiness directly resulted from the shallow lives that many of the affluent people maintained. Often some of these people cared more about their appearances than their personalities and placed their character second to their reputation; for example, Bernice in Bernice Bobs Her Hair learned her cousin’s pick-up lines to win over local teenage boys, and she bobbed her hair to earn validation from her peers. Correspondingly, some poor people also grew depressed during the Modern Era. For instance, some observed the wealthy and aspired to be them, but unfortunately they could not become wealthy, which led to cases of alcoholism: “Miniver loved the Medici, albeit he had never seen one… and kept on drinking” (“Miniver Cheevy” 884-885). This discontent from both
Several works we have read thus far have criticized the prosperity of American suburbia. Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums, Philip Roth's Goodbye, Columbus, and an excerpt from Lawrence Ferlinghetti's poem "A Coney Island of the Mind" all pass judgement on the denizens of the middle-class and the materialism in which they surround themselves. However, each work does not make the same analysis, as the stories are told from different viewpoints.
Chicago, one of the most popular cities in America. Visits from families all around the country, what makes this place so great? Is it the skyscrapers that protrude the sky? Or is it the weather people loved? Does Chicago being the second most favored city in America show that this town has some greatness? In the nonfiction novel The Devil in the White City, Erik Larson uses imagery, tone, and figurative language to portray the dreamlike qualities of Chicago and the beauty that lies within this city.
Another noteworthy urban sociologist that’s invested significant research and time into gentrification is Saskia Sassen, among other topical analysis including globalization. “Gentrification was initially understood as the rehabilitation of decaying and low-income housing by middle-class outsiders in central cities. In the late 1970s a broader conceptualization of the process began to emerge, and by the early 1980s new scholarship had developed a far broader meaning of gentrification, linking it with processes of spatial, economic and social restructuring.” (Sassen 1991: 255). This account is an extract from an influential book that extended beyond the field of gentrification and summarizes its basis proficiently. In more recent and localized media, the release the documentary-film ‘In Jackson Heights’ portrayed the devastation that gentrification is causing as it plagues through Jackson Heights, Queens. One of the local businessmen interviewed is shop owner Don Tobon, stating "We live in a
Wealth has both a good and a bad side. It can change the life of a person for the better or worse, and that is clearly shown in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. Wealth affects the lives of the characters of Their Eyes Were Watching God very differently than the characters of The Great Gatsby. Janie’s wealth came about, mainly, from her failed relationships.
essence of New York and all its nuances in the form of terse observations. Whether
Colson Whitehead explores this grand and complex city in his collection of essays The Colossus of New York. Whitehead writes about essential elements to New York life. His essays depict the city limits and everyday moments such as the morning and the subway, where “it is hard to escape the suspicion that your train just left... and if you had acted differently everything would be better” (“Subway” 49). Other essays are about more once in a while moments such as going to Central Park or the Port Authority. These divisions are subjective to each person. Some people come to New York and “after the long ride and the tiny brutalities... they enter the Port Authority,” but for others the Port Authority is a stop in their daily commute (“The Port Authority” 22).Nonetheless, each moment is a part of everyone’s life at some point. Many people live these moments together, experiencing similar situations. We have all been in the middle of that “where ...
In the United States there are many highly populated, big cities that exist. They not only serve as purpose for business and industry, but also serve as homes for many people. Chicago, the third highest populated city in the United States, can be defined in several different ways. Carl Sandburg a fan and native of Chicago describes the city. Sandburg describes the city in different ways with his poems “Chicago” and “Skyscraper.” Both poems portray the city as lively and dominant, but the poem "Skyscraper" acknowledges drawbacks of the city.
At first glance, Rockwell’s painting illustrates a successful day of fishing for three young friends, all of whom have their catch for the day strung in one hand and their fishing gear in the other. Out of the three boys in the picture, there is a well-dressed boy in the center, and two boys standing on either side of him. The two boys standing on either side are dressed in rags, and are only using measly twigs for fishing poles. The boy who is positioned in the center of the frame is well-dressed and fitted in elegant clothing, but stands with his shoulders shrugged and with a sullen look on his face. Surprisingly, the two boys in tattered clothes appear ecstatic with bubbly expressions painted ear to ear. The details of the boys’ emotions in Rockwell’s painting raise questions about the relationship between money and happiness. Theories regarding the ties between money and happiness have been thought about for centuries. Shakespeare expressed his theory on the matter when he wrote “Poor and content is rich, and rich enough” (Shakespeare, 3.3.177). Shakespeare’s words can be translated to the idea that even if a person does not have a lot of money, if that person is content, they are rich enough by means other than mon...
Dumenil, Lynn, ed. "New York City." The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History. N.p.: Oxford UP, 2012. Oxford Reference. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.
Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.
The night in the city was going to be especially cold tonight. The sky had been overcast for almost the entire day, leading to a brief although torrential downpour in the mid-afternoon. The streets of the Bronx outside the third-story apartment window that Leonard Jefferson Bennings now looked out were saturated from the July rainstorm and shone with a glimmer he remembered seeing from his bedroom window in Massachusetts many years ago. He wondered if he would ever get to see his childhood home again, and, if he did, would the world of his youth still exist even there? Like the final beams of sunlight of the day, his hope was growing faint as he looked out on what had once been the metropolitan heart of his country.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the race to modernity begins. Rapid changes start to happen in Chicago and also throughout the United States of America. Although Erik Larson’s novel, The Devil in the White City, takes place in Chicago, the events taking place there will reflect the progress towards modernization of the entire country. Cities throughout the United States are growing in proportion to the growing cities. Chicago is only one of the multiple cities in America that goes through major construction and population growth but this city provides a great example of how modernity affects cities and how they function. With the ongoing renovations of the city, Chicago seems to be a city splitting in two. Chicago will have a sophisticated
Jacobs, Jane. "12-13." The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961. N. pag. Print.
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House. 1989.
Unlike other cities in the world, what differentiates Los Angeles from other cities across the world is its architectural novelty. Lacking ancient ruins or cathedrals, Los Angeles instead hosts a variety of different styles to reflect the city’s character or the waves of immigrants who helped shape the city’s history: Getty’s contributions to the city both comply and disobeys Los Angeles’ architectural standard. As demonstrated by