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Role of ethics
Role of ethics in organizations
Role of ethics in organizations
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Applying Ethical Decision-Making Models to Guerrilla Government
Definitions
Ethics is the study of values and how right and wrong action is defined (Cooper, 1998).
According to Fleishman (1981), outlined in O’Leary’s book, a person with integrity, genuinely, wants to do the right thing in all situation evidenced by the steps they take. The conflict may arise because there is no one code of conduct for society, therefore, the person is left to their own devices and moral fiber to figure out the steps (O’Leary, 2014).
Dobel (1999), reports integrity is a balance between personal moral commitments and capacities, obligation of office and political judiciousness. The person has the ability to use a self-conscious reflection, honesty and avoids
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According to Cooper (2009), objective responsibility is a person’s responsibility to someone, or a collective body and include responsibility for tasks, subordinate personnel, and the ultimate goal achievement. The Guerilla Government had accountability to their supervisors and to the public and an obligation to perform their assigned duties and follow instructions.
The Guerilla government in the EPA Seattle office had a responsibility to the elected officials
Via compliance with the law. The expectation as a public servant/administrator in government, is that you will follow the instruction of those in authority and the laws governing your organization. However, they also had an obligation to their department (EPA) and its design, and to the best interest of the public, to the environment and their life long work and careers.
The dilemma begins when the Regan Administration decided that they were above the law, and were going to go against the grain and do things their way without regard for the seasoned employees, the environment and or the
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Office of Government Ethics. (2000), “Public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws and ethical principles above private gain” (p.5). Ethical issues outlined in the “Guerrilla Government in EPA Seattle Office” violated the number one principle of ethical conduct and several others as outlined below.
Ethical and Legal Violations
The appointed regional directors had no regard for the law and appeared to violate all fourteen Principle of Ethical conduct for Federal Employees (U.S. Office of Government Ethics (n.d-a). The directors were not enforcing laws that mandated the cleanup of hazardous waste, exempting other companies, waiving litigation proceedings that were mandated by law, releasing confidential information to competing contractors, extorting political and financial gains for elections, that clearly crossed the line of their responsibility to the EPA administration and while outwardly lying to Congress.
The appointed regional directors, attempted to strong arm and change the culture of the EPA Seattle office evidenced by the abuse of authority, the blatant legal violations and the disregard for the seasoned employees that helped build the organization by threatening, demoting and firing competent
Arnold & Porter chose to sue Pittston rather than the Buffalo Mining Company because the value of the corporation allowed for adequate compensation to the victims. Author and head lawyer for the plaintiffs, Gerald M. Stern, writes that the original goal was sue to sue for $21 million for the disaster to have a material effect on the cooperation (51). To avoid responsibility Pittston attempted to prove that the Buffalo Mining Company was an independent corporation with its own board of directors. The lawyers for the plaintiffs disproved this claim by arguing the Buffalo Mining Company never held formal meetings of the board of directors and was not independent of the parent company. During this case Pittston’s Oil division had applied to build an oil refinery in Maine. The ...
Integrity can be described to who a person is when no one is watching. A person with integrity does the right thing even when they are alone and they know no one else is around. An example in the Marine Corps would be standing a post by yourself. If you are all alone on a post and no one else is scheduled to come out for hours, does the person continue to walk their post or do they
Exxon/Mobil, one of the nation’s leading oil producers, has its main refinery located in Beaumont, Texas. Each year, the residents of Beaumont/Port Arthur have to contend with the 39,000 pounds of pollution spewed each year by the Exxon refinery. Exxon’s emissions are 385% above the state refinery average. In 1999, the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Committee (TNRCC) allowed the plant to increase their emissions, without allowing the public to have a say in the matter. Interestingly, 95% of the people living near the plant are of African American descent and are in the poverty range. Some believe that this, along with the lack of education in the area, allows Exxon to get away with such high emissions. Residents in nearby neighborhoods have been complaining of headaches, nausea, eye, and throat irritation for years. Since 1997, Mobil has repeatedly violated health standards in its emissions of two key air pollutants: sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, These “rotten egg” smells are so strong, one can smell it through a car driving past the refinery. After numerous complaints and one record of a refinery worker becoming unconscious because of the fumes, the EPA awarded Exxon with a $100,000 environmental justice grant in October of 1998. Hopefully, Exxon has put the money to good use and cleaned up their emissions.
The Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA is the result of a 1970 executive order by President Richard Nixon for the purpose of protecting the environment of the United States through regulation on business and citizens. Public opinion on the Environmental Protection Agency has been divided fairly evenly across the population of the United States as of recently, as compared to the widespread public concern of the 50’s and 60’s that led to the agency’s creation. Recently the agency has come under scrutiny for its contributions of millions of dollars in grants to researchers in order to hide the potential trade off of its actions in order to further the agency’s agenda. The EPA’s ever-expanding regulation could end up harming more than it actually
The problems surrounding the level of power and deregulation of executives, the unethical nature of the company culture, and the availability of complicit partners were manifested throughout every level of the company in the form of unethical behaviour and can be described as symptoms of these greater issues.
At the four year mark of the Deep Water Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allows British Petroleum (BP) to drill for oil in the gulf once again. Many consumer advocate groups, chiefly Public Citizens, have voiced concerns over this decision. The lack of corporate accountability and oversight makes this decision seem unethical to these advocates groups. However, the company agrees to follow the agency’s ethic and safety procedure given the new leases. Yet, a series of accidents on its infrastructure makes reform seem doubtful for the company.
The problem with pollution prevention is that it requires people to understand more than the intimate details of the production process; they must also understand the technical possibilities. Many corporations have environmental managers, which are generally responsible for helping corporations comply with the law. According to the case study, the work of environmental managers often expose them to many pollution prevention solutions, but they often have trouble getting access to production areas. Production often sees Environmental Managers as "the compliance police".
These ethical issues were focused on PG&E and their employees. It seems this group of individuals did anything to get by, including an employee who cleaned the tanks at PG&E while continuing to have severe nose bleeds. Additionally, PG&E did not care for others; otherwise they would have changed their policies to stop the use of harmful chemicals. The only employee seemingly willing to come forward was a man named Charles Embry, who approached Erin toward the end of her investigation. He was instrumental in this law suit because he had saved documents that PG&E had requested he destroy, because he knew it was unethical to destroy the evidence of harmful chemicals, calling himself a “bad employee” in his own words for his actions. He watched his cousin pass away at only 41 years old, after suffering nose bleeds while cleaning the cooling towers, having his colon and intestines removed, and ultimately dying from kidney tumors. Charles Embry clearly cared about others, the greatest good for the greatest number, and was willing to go against his manager’s direction, to do as he was told (Banaji, 2003, pp. 6-7), and therefore far more ethical than his managers at
The Criminal Process in Environmental Regulation. (n.d.). UH Law. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/thester/courses/Environmental-Practicum-2014/syllabus/chap6.pdf
Integrity is an idea that has been discussed by individuals with a verbal acuity far beyond anything I could ever hope for. With that in mind, I will not delve deeply or poetically into what integrity is or should mean. However, I will simplify the meaning of integrity; at the core, integrity boils down to doing what is right even if nobody is watching. See a piece of trash on the ground and nobody is around...pick it up. Driving down the road with no cops in sight...drive the speed limit. Arrive at a tollbooth and no attendant is working…pay the toll. An applicant is not readily available to sign a form for enlistment…track them down and ensure they sign it. I could write examples until infinity becomes paltry in comparison, yet I am sure I have made my point clearly; the greater good must be upheld regardless of who is there to ensure it is happening. It seems obvious that integrity should be a trait every individual is hardwired with from birth. However, integrity is a thankless trait; nobody is around after all. An individual cannot expect someone to clap, to smile, to thank them, to do anything actually. By definition, integrity should be something that is followed through with simply because an individual wishes to do what is correct, not because they expect accolades of any sort.
First of all, the attribute of integrity is essential for one to uphold justice. A person must have
Integrity has been defined as “Moral soundness; honesty; freedom from corrupting influence or motive” by a good friend of mine and college graduate. The dictionary describes it as “Unimpaired, unadulterated, or genuine state; entire correspondence with an original condition; purity.” I enjoy Peter’s definition more then the official definition, however, the “genuine state” part of the dictionary definition is also really good.
In the Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerrilla Government (2006) by Rosemary O’Leary, guerrilla government is the defined as the process in which government employees opening and secretly dissent from policies. As discussed in class, bureaucrats make policy through the exercise of discretion and when ethics, bureaucratic politics, and organization and management are combined, things will not fit well and will eventually become distorted. Public administrators like the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has faced numerous of challenges, obstacles, and transitions in their department. In this paper, I will examine the ways in which EPA’s administrators during Regan era worked behind the scenes to use their power of discretion for personal
Integrity is the quality of being honest. When you are honest about something or a certain situation you are considered a person of integrity. Also when you have integrity you have strong moral principles. When you have strong moral principles you know what is right and what is wrong. “Having integrity means doing the right thing in a reliable way. It's a personality trait that we admire, since it means a person has a moral compass that doesn't waver. It literally means having "wholeness" of character, just as an integer is a "whole number" with no fractions.” Furthermore, having integrity is a quality that many strive to have because it often means that you are a good person.
[1] Ethics is defined as “the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviour of a person or a group with respect to what is right or wrong” (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.158)