Figure 1.Jump performance of humans and grasshoppers
The two columns in the graph represent the mean values and the error lines represent the standard deviations of the tested grasshopper and human subject. The jumping distance of the grasshoppers was more than the jumping distance of humans and the TTEST value was less than 0.05.
2.
Relative Femur Muscle Mass
The grasshopper jumps farther relative to humans because the ratio of grasshopper’s femur mass to body mass is greater than the human’s ratio of femur mass to body mass.
Relative leg length
The grasshopper jumps better relative to humans because the leg length compared to the body length ratio is more for the grasshopper.
Joint rotation
The grasshopper jumps better relative to humans
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This hypothesis was also not supported by the data that we collected as well. Once again, the data that we collected was opposite to the data, since the mean for leg length to torso length was 1.59 for humans and 1.13 for grasshoppers. In the graph the human column is higher than the grass hoper column as well because the grasshoppers have a smaller leg length compared to the body length and this is opposite to what I predicted in the hypothesis.
Joint rotation
The grasshopper jumps better relative to humans because grasshoppers has a longer angle of rotation when it bends to jump than a human would have while jumping. This hypothesis was supported by the data that we collected because the mean for angle rotation was 93 of humans and 147 for grasshoppers and was only time that it was greater.
5.
The hypothesis that was sufficient, according to the data observed, was # 4: Joint angle rotation. This hypothesis was sufficient because the data that we collected actually supported this hypothesis. The grasshoppers are able to bend completely 180 degrees before making the jump while a human can at most only bend 90 degrees while making a jump and the longer the rotation angle used for bending the greater the acceleration will be and this will result in longer
After conducting the experiments, the hypothesis was found to be incorrect. The data’s common trend was; as the beetle’s mass increased, the amount of weight it could pull decreased. One of the beetles tested had a mass of 1.6 grams and was able to pull only a mass of 18.6 grams. The second beetle had a mass of 1.8 grams and was able to pull 37.3 grams.
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
The differences are due to the differences in environment, habits, size etc. One example is the fact that minks and humans both have lugs of similar shape but different lobes. Each of these similarities and/or differences benefit both the human and the mink, in their own unique way, with each structure having its own function. Overall, the mink is a very complex animal and so is an individual.
For years it was thought that the golf swing was a solid piece of movement without any differentiating variables. Vast expansion in technology over the last 20 years has produced more information on the biomechanics of the golf swing. “ Golf Biomechanics applies the principles and technique of golf mechanics to the structure and function of the golfer in an effort to improve the golf technique and performance” (Hume P., Keogh J., and Reid D. 2005) Biomechanics, “The scientific discipline that applies mechanical principles and to understanding movement.” (Hume P., Keogh J., and Reid D. 2005) allows scientists to observe a golfer’s swing to near milliseconds to the point of impact. This is much more precise to previous measurements used such as video recordings, outlines, etc. Understanding how the swing works by breaking down the movements within the swing through visual aids emphasize the opportunity for a better swing and in turn, better golf. Studies of biomechanics within the golf swing have shown the sequential separation from torso to pelvis, disproving the original theory of a solid swing with continuous motion known as the X-factor. Before understanding how the biomechanics of the golf swing works with the X-factor, the basics of the swing must be established.
So, for figure 5 which is the means plot, we use the means plots to see if our mean will be different with the groups of data. Because when we are ale to see the visual interpretation of this section, we will come to the following conclusions, which we can the mean scores for the section that is higher than our mean scores for the section 2 and 3.
...ject’s/object’s weight multiplied by the velocity the subject/object is moving at, squared. In order for the broad jumper to increase the change in kinetic energy he/she needs to produce a faster velocity. This would mean he/she would have to produce a quick and efficient transition from flexion to extension at the beginning of the broad jump. Potential energy is defined as the amount of energy that is “stored” within a subject or object. The mathematical formula for potential energy is PE=mgh, where “m” mass, “g” is the acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s), and “h” is height. The broad jumper has most amount of potential energy when he/she is at the apex of the flight phase. In order to increase the amount of change in potential energy the athlete must obtain the greatest height possible. This allows the athlete to fall longer, thus obtaining a further distance.
Many factors could have played a part in the evolution to bipedalism. Some of these are adaptation to environment and the need to have free hands to handle tools and weapons. These factors were the basis of Charles Darwin's theory of the evolution of quadrupeds to bipeds. (Hawks). Advantages of bipedalism include the ability to see farther and wider distances because you can see from a higher vantage point; the ability to carry food, tools, and weapons; and more efficient movement.
.... Whereas, in humans it is much easier to visualize the difference inside or cut out. In addition, the small intestine was about six times the body length of the mink, although, in humans the small intestine is three to four times the body length.
I have come to these predictions using scientific knowledge. The heavier something is, the faster they fall, so I decided to base my first prediction on this fact. I based the second hypothesis on the parachutist example in my introduction.
Increments of five minutes were used for measuring the creatures. By the end of the experiment, the creature in Sprite had grown to double in length. The creature grown in water also doubled exactly in length. However, while the lengths were the same, creature two gained much more mass than creature one. Creature one grew from one point zero five grams to four point seventy-four grams. In comparison, creature two started the same as creature one, and grew to five point six grams.
This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works.
... drawn. What makes us human? Through the examination of human evolution, both biological adaptations and cultural adaptations which are distinct to humans can be recognized. Biologically speaking, humans are unique in that they are bipedal, they have larger brain sizes, and longer leg length. When examining the cultural evolution of humans we have a complex language system, we live in communities, engage in symbolic behavior, and act through emotional impulses. While we are often considered to be superior to all other animals, it is important to recognize that while we are animals, we have very distinct characteristics and adaptations that separate us both biologically and culturally from all other animals.
In the preparation phase is taken place in a sagittal plane. The knees and hips are flexed prior to the extension. It pre-stretches the muscles that contracts in the jump. From an upright standing position at….. degree angle, the player initiates a decelerating downward movement where the abdominals are contracted to …….degree angle. The downward motion flexes the hips by eccentric contraction in the gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, and Biceps Femoris. In this downward movement, the knees are flexed causing a concentric contraction at ……… degrees on the Rectus Femoris, Vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. The flexed knee also causes an eccentric contraction on the hamstring on the bicep femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. Whilst the lower body is in a bend position, the upper body such as the shoulder girdle are elevated. The scapulothoracic is elevated by the levator scapulae, rhomboids and the middle fibers of the trap while the shoulder joint muscles are flexed by isometric contraction by the flexors of the anterior fibers of the deltoid, pectoralis major and coracobrachialis. As the individual holds the ball and moves into this crouched position, the elbow are flexed at degree ...
One of the first reason why insects are so successful because they possess a tough exoskeleton that is covered with a waxy water repellant layer. The exoskeleton of insects also has helped them survive. An insect's external skeleton, or exoskeleton, is made of semi-rigid plates and tubes. In insects, these plates are made of a plastic like material called chitin along with a tough protein. A waterproof wax covers the plates and prevents the insect's internal tissues from drying out. Insect exoskeletons are highly effective as a body framework, but they have two drawbacks: they cannot grow once they have formed, and like a suit of armor, they become too heavy to move when they reach a certain size. Insects overcome the first problem by periodically molting their exoskeleton and growing a larger one in its place. Insects have not evolved ways to solve the problem of increasing weight, and this is one of the reasons why insects are relatively small. But compared to animals the Exoskeletons d...