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Chapter 9 theories of personality
Chapter 9 theories of personality
Chapter 11 - Personality Theories
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Have you ever wondered why you act the way you do, or even why your children act the way they do. There is an explanation for why you and your children both act the way y'all do, it just depends on which theory of personality you believe applies to you and your children's behavior. Do you believe that you have the power to behave and be who you want to be without something influencing you to do so, or do you believe that heredity has more to do with why you behave the way you do and what things are happening the way they are in your life? The first theory I would like to mention in this article is the dispositions theory. If you believe that you have total control of your life no matter who your ancestors are, then you believe in Gordon Allports dispositional theory. Allports dispositional theory states that a person is not limited by what their childhood was like, but by how much motivation you have within yourself to do something you want to do. As people we make decisions because we thrive for change from the motivation of ourselves and our environment. A child's personality is not developed until they are older when people begin to figure out who they are, it does help for children to be able to explore their individuality. For example; letting them dress themselves gives them a sense of freedom to express who they are. Even though environment and heredity influences have to do with the development of an individual's personality, every individual has …show more content…
Extroversion, neuroticism, agreeable, openness to experience, and consciousness. The big 5 personality test was developed by Goldberg in 1992. The test is full of questions on a five point scale; do you agree, slightly agree, neutral, slightly disagree, or disagree. This test is not used to assess anyone by any means. It should only be used by people for information on their self, or for educational
The questions were very thought out and not too broad which was an intelligent idea because if you want to achieve specific answers in a personality assessment, there needs to be specific questions. I read a book about the Big Five before this assignment was assigned so while I was taking the test I could partially tell which questions corresponded to which division of the Big Five. Nevertheless, that did not have an impact on how truthful my responses were. If I were to take the test again I do believe that I would get a similar score because I answered honestly and the answers I chose were the ones that represented me the best. I assume that the test would produce results for diverse groups of people as long as the information about gender, age and country were answered correctly. I thought that having a test that compares similar types of people to each other was a brilliant idea for the reason that it could have been too generic if
The debate of nature vs. nurture continues today in the world of psychology. The effects of an individual’s genetics and the effects of their environment on their personality and actions is an age old debate that is still inconclusive. However, it is evident that both sides of the argument carry some form of the truth. It can be contended that the major characteristics of an individual are formed by their environment, more specifically, their past experiences. An individual’s past moulds and shapes their identity, if they do not make an effort to move on from it.
The Big Five is currently the most accepted personality model in the scientific community. The Big Five emerged from the work of multiple independent scientists/researchers starting in the 1950s who using different techniques obtained similar results. Those results were that there are five distinct personality traits/dimensions. Here are your results on each dimension:
“The Five Factor Model provides a compelling framework for building personality measures that seek to represent the domain of individual terms broadly and systematically” (Briggs, 1989 as cited in McAdams. DP, 1992, p. 332). The FFM consists of five factors (The ‘Big Five’). They are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. When measured individuals can range from extremes on each of these traits.
These scales are commonly alternatively represented by the OCEAN acronym Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion/Introversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The Big Five structure captures, at a broad level of abstraction, commonalities among most of the existing systems of personality description, and provides an integrative descriptive model for personality research. (Oliver& Sanjay 1999)
The reason that I choose the “Big Five” personality traits, as the concept that I would research is because my educational background is in psychology. When I was an undergraduate student, I took courses in personality as well as courses in psychological testing and assessments, and the personality tests were my favourite out of all the tests that we were taught to administer. I found the results to be especially interesting and I thought it would be interesting to see how psychological concepts can be applied to organizations and the workplace.
Brunner explains, the Big Five personality dimensions are: 1) Neuroticism—level of stability versus instability, 2) Extraversion—tendency to be assertive, sociable, and energetic 3) Openness—disposition to be curious, open to new situations, and imaginative, 4) Agreeableness—disposition to be cooperative, supportive, trusting and 5) Conscientiousness—disposition toward purposeful, determined, and goal-directed behavior. These factors are dimensions, not types, so people vary continuously on them with most people falling in between the extremes. McRae and John claim that the Big Five is not a complete theory of personality...too few factors. Many have argued that five factors are insufficient to summarize all that we know about individual differences in
Undoubtedly, humans are unique and intricate creatures and their development is a complex process. It is this process that leads people to question, is a child’s development influenced by genetics or their environment? This long debate has been at the forefront of psychology for countless decades now and is better known as “Nature versus Nurture”. The continuous controversy over whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has occupied the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough reading of experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to be convinced that nurture does play a far more important in the development of a human than nature.
The Big Five Theory is a useful tool to create a personality profile for a particular individual. By analysing a person using The Big Five Traits of extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism one can determine an individual’s basic personality profile.
In the vast and detailed world of psychology, there are a variety of different tests you can participate in. For example, you can participate in aptitude, verbal or numerical reasoning, and psychometric tests. These tests assess on a variety of different situations such as: behaviors, abilities and intelligence. Personality tests, a common and favored test, measure things such as: behavioral style, opinions, motivators, personal values and career interests. Most often, people complain or disagree with the score of some areas on their personality test; however, there are no right or wrong answers. After completing this personality test and reviewing the results, I found that the overall scoring accurately described me in most areas. The Big Five Personality test scores in five different areas involving openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
The Biological approach to personality places emphasis on the genetic influences related to the development of an individual’s personality. Some may believe that children and their parents can have very similar personalities, for example a young boy having his father’s anger (Stelmack, 1990). Though this approach has often been questioned by psychologists, it is not disregarded all together. Some believe that genetics do have a role in an individual’s personality development; however environments, as well as personal experiences all work in forming personality.
The second major theory is called the trait or five-factor model. Often referred to as the "Big 5". The five personality traits described by the theory are extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Beneath each proposed global factor, a number of correlated and more specific primary factors are claimed. One strength of the trait perspectives is their ability to categorize observable behaviors. In other words, observing the behaviors of an individual over time and in varying circumstances provides evidence for the personality traits categorized in trait theories. Another strength is that trait theories use
Nature vs nurture debate is an old argument, I believe that nature and nurture both work together. Your genes are something that you are born with but your experiences and how you were raised also make you the person you are today. Experiences and opportunities help you develop your personality. It also provides a valuable training ground for later life. Human culture, behavior, and personality are cause primarily by nature and nurture not nature or
The Big Five is the most widely accepted and used model of personality. The model consists of broad dimensions of personality traits. These dimensions are: Openness to Experience/Intellect, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Upon completion of the Big Five Personality test, my results were somewhat surprising to me. Overall, I scored on the low end for Openness to Experience/Intellect, Extraversion and Neuroticism dimensions and on the high end for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness dimensions.