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Although not named directly, one of the main significant signs of the goat god Pan and Azazel’s existence in the Bible comes alive when the Israelite’s become warned, “And they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils [goatmen] after whom they gone a whoring” (Lev 17:7). The twelfth century Jewish author and historian, Moses Maimonides, gives light to this passage by informing people that the Zabian idolater’s worshipped demons under the figure of goats. Furthermore, the Lashairim, rendered devils, exist on monuments in Egypt as the SERAU. The Seirim multiplied into other nations that followed this belief as it continued duplicating itself and became known by similar names such as sair, satyrs, seir, of goat beings, etc., within early Semitic areas. Along with Herodotus, various eyewitnesses’ reported of their travels in the country of Egypt; such as historical scholars like Strabo, Pindar, and Plutarch that experienced displays of public intercourse of women with goats said to represent the god Pan. To this end, for the Egyptians, this ‘reverence’ became part of their religion as they paid divine honors to real goats; similarly, this occurs …show more content…
written in the record tablets of the goddess Isis. This custom to worship and perform rituals with goat creatures became instigated within the Hebrew people by the Egyptians. Thus, this sacrilegious practice explains the scripture, “And if a man lies with a beast, he shall surely be put to death: and ye shall slay the beast. And if a woman approach unto any beast, and lie down thereto, thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them” (Lev 20:15-16). Herodotus also said the Jews sustained this Mendisian goat worship after they had left Egypt as the Bible states. Simultaneously, among the Canaan tribes, the goat had developed a sacred character through Azazel represented as an on-going pagan divinity. By all accounts, Azazel’s mutation of devil/demonic creatures instigated the realm or “legions” of evil spirits on the earth and perpetrated the presence of lust that people became inflicted with through the ages. As a result, due to these idolatrous offenses with goat-devil creatures, this abomination becomes addressed with a vengeance toward goats. Thus, ingeniously God orders the Jewish leaders to create rituals for the people to perform every year (Lev 16:5-34) called the scapegoat (Lev 16:8) and also known as ‘a day of atonement,’ (Lev 23:27). Apparently the point of killing (sacrificing) goats elevates the people’s consciousness, to eliminate these beastly sexual acts. As James Hastings Bible dictionary states, “Azazel must have been such an evil spirit, sufficiently distinguished from the rest, in popular imagination, to receive a special name.” The ritual killing of goats exists as a means to account for Azazel’s sexual sins towards humanity (Yoma, VI, 4, Rashi and Yoma, 39a) and to cover the sexual sins of the people concerning what they were doing with goat devils in the wilderness. The event began by selecting two domestic goats; consequently, one became castrated as a ritualistic killing, symbolizing the sexual killing of their enemy the goat god. Due to the embarrassment of the people fornicating with these goat beings, Jewish writers started substituting the reference of goat creatures, sair, satyrs, seirims, seir, and goat devils, etc.; with one name, grouping the creatures’ altogether as just “demons.” Scriptures like Isaiah 13:21, states how the wild beast, doleful creatures and satyrs (seirim) dance in the desert; although, the Septuagint (translation of the Hebrew Bible and some related texts into Greek) renders the word ‘demons’ as a substitute for satyrs. In due course, this intentional obscurity of goat creatures lost the long ago true meaning of ‘real’ goat devils. As author’s categorized them as mere ‘demons,’ this inevitably created an obvious suppression. Moreover, it would be logical that due to the shame of this repulsive behavior, the Biblical authors limited their writings concerning this connection. The text is full of sexual attacks against whoring after ‘other gods;’ therefore, with this in mind, the likely scenario of whoring after goat creatures manifested itself stronger than implied. During the time of King David, God commanded him to, “Make a covenant (with the Israelites) of peace and cause the ‘evil beasts’ (satyr - devils?) to cease out of the land that they may dwell safely in the wilderness and sleep in the woods” (Ezek 34:25). Decisively, the widespread manifestation of goatmen must have been massive for they even had their own mountain (Mount Seir) that became known as the goat country.
Specifically, the Seirim goats identified as satyrs in the land of Seir, and also Edom, (Edom persisted as a Semitic inhabited historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea). Accordingly, in Strong’s Concordance of the Bible, the meaning of the word ‘seir’ occurs as he-goat, devil, hairy, or satyr and persists 39 times in the Old Testament. Mount Seir exists as a reference in the prophetic books as a term for Edom, as in Isaiah 21:11, Ezekiel 25:8, 35:10. Unequivocally, the Lord remained against Mount Seir (Ezek 35:1-15); accordingly, these goat creatures were the gods of Seir talked about in the following
scripture. Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the ‘children of Seir,’ and set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense unto them (II Chron 25:14). In the same way, this evil practice of goat/devil worship (fornicating) continues for the Israelites, for even after “five hundred years,” (beyond the threats in Leviticus concerning lying with beasts) one of the kings of the Israelites named Jeroboam appoints priests to worship and reverence goat devils. Inescapably, the Israelites yearly ritual killing of the ‘scapegoats’ demonstrates how rooted these overshadowing sexual problems were with the people, and the physical and spiritual warfare it took to try and destroy its presence. Judging from the Bible’s caution against the worship of goat devils and the vast amount of goat sacrifices the Israelites made; undeniably, the destruction of Satan’s presence among the people remained persistent, as they tried earnestly to stamp out satanic-goat-worship. Nevertheless, even though among the Israelite people, goat creatures remained thoroughly evil; notwithstanding, in the general populace, the goat creature’s popularity strengthened in various societies. Countless people have no idea of the reality of why Satan occurs associated with a goat; yet, the Hebrew reference, such as in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the King James Version of the Hebrew Bible, defines the word Devil as a goat or satyr; definition used in the Old Testament verse Lev 17:7. This classification appears being based on facts; and in truth, the authenticity of these goat creatures becomes alarmingly significant; especially when viewing these beings intentionally obscure, yet extensive history. (In Part III, I go into more in-depth detail concerning the widespread ideology of goat worship.)
After discovering a God-given talent, a young boy struggles to achieve his only dream; to become the best there ever was. Baseball is all he has ever known, so he prevails through the temptations and situations laid before him by those out to destroy his career. His hopes and dreams outweigh all the temptations along his journey. These hopes, dreams, and temptations are depicted through archetypes in the movie The Natural.
Consistent in literature throughout every era and culture, archetypes represent a recurring image, pattern, or motif mirroring a typical human experience. An idea developed by Carl Jung, archetypes in literature exist as representations reflecting vital perceptions of the human psyche expressing the manner in which individuals experience the world. Using Jung’s concept, writers of all epochs embeds archetypes in structures, characters, and images of their narratives. John Gardner, in his novel Grendel, integrates several of Jung’s archetypes into his epic tale derived from the early story Beowulf. Gardner associates Jung’s personas of the outcast, the shadow, and the mentor-pupil relationship through the identities of Grendel, the narrator of events, and the dragon.
Quite often in life we wish for things bigger than ourselves. Seeming to get wrapped up in our own minds we do not pay attention to reality. As reality comes full force we are not sure how to take it, so we let it take us. In the writing “Where are you going, where have you been?” we see Oates craft archetypes and allegories into the work through detail and word choice in order to help the reader understand the shocking outdistancing of day dreams and the overshadowing sockdolager called reality. These archetypes and allegories provide a way for the reader to join Connie in the story, but also to see the danger of what Connie doesn’t see.
While the hero of any story may appear to be the sovereign protagonist, heroes cannot succeed without support from one or more sidekicks. Sidekicks are the characters who support heroes through the their journey; they often complement the hero’s weaknesses and build upon their strengths. Throughout history, the sidekick archetype has evolved: ancient sidekicks were minor characters who only existed to assist the hero, but modern sidekicks are complex, developed characters increasingly similar to heroes.
Many people, no matter their age or background, find the trickster figure to be intriguing. Karl Jung says archetypes surface in cultural and religious literature all over the world because of what he calls the collective unconsciousness, what connects all humans and cultures, so it is not surprising that the trickster is an archetype that surfaces in many stories. Even in our own culture we see depictions of the trickster in characters like Brier Rabbit and Wily Coyote. In this essay I will describe what a trickster is using the information I learned in class and discuss the role of the trickster in Raven and the African and African-American stories we discussed. Even though every trickster is unique to its culture, all tricksters share certain
known in the Bible as Erech (now Warka, Iraq). According to the myth, the gods
Joines, Karen Randolph. Serpent Symbolism in the Old Testament: A Linguistic, Archaeological, and Literary Study. Haddonfield, NJ: Haddonfield House, 1974. Print.
1996. “Sacrifices and Offerings in Ancient Israel” in Community, Identity, and Ideology: Social Science approach to the Hebrew Bible., ed. Charles E. Carter.
There are several Egyptian documents that not only mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to historical facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letters, a large “stele” of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories.
...istory/faith-history of Israel” occurred (Fries 66). God appeared to Moses in the burning bush, and sent him to save the Israelites from their suffering. God plagued the Egyptians with a series of ten plagues of increasing severity. The Israelites were then led to the Red Sea where Moses, by God’s grace, parted the waters allowing them to cross on dry land. The Egyptian army was drowned behind them. The Israelites had escaped.
Nevi'im( the Prophets) "…consists of narratives relating to Israel's …" (Harris, 3) history as a nation on its land and a "…collections of oracles" (Harris, 6) . Supporters of God's covenant do battle against the paganism of neighboring groups and among the Israelites themselves. The Prophets seem to have become a closed collection of books and status equal to that of the Law.
Egypt is one of the oldest and most complex civilizations of the world. Their religion and beliefs are fascinating and have been a mystery for centuries. Even today, there are some things that we still do not understand. In this research, I will investigate the basic concepts of Egyptian mythology and its gods.
herds, down I go to the House of Death and blaze among the dead!’”(12: 400-410)
... of Israel, 2d ed.: A Theological Survey of the Old Testament. Garden City: Baker Academic, 2002.
The Nephilim are usually known as the giants and offspring of spiritual beings with humans. They are primarily described in Genesis from the Bible and have been misunderstood and misinterpreted over the years. Theologians, scientists, and Christians have come up with various theories on who the Nephilim really are and where they came from. Due to these distinct beliefs over this controversial topic, religions all over the world including, different cultural backgrounds such as Greek mythology, have taken the Nephilim and adapted their understanding and interpretation of the scripture of the Nephilim’s identity to their own doctrines. Understanding who the Nephilim really were can help one comprehend more about the Creation, God, and the spiritual world surrounding us.