Clarence Earl Gideon was arrested in 1961 and charged with breaking and entering a pool hall with intent to commit theft, by taking money out of vending machines. What he did at the time was considered a felony. When it came time to have the trial he did not have enough money for a lawyer and asked that one be appointed to defend him. The judge denied the request saying that under Florida state law counsel can be appointed only in a capital offense. Since Gideon didn’t have a lawyer and was not educated to defend himself he lost easily to the prosecution. Gideon was then sentenced to five years in prison. He then filed out a writ of certiorari, which is a petition of appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States asking for them to review his case. The Court granted Gideon's request and appointed Abe Fortas to represent him as his lawyer.
This was a very controversial issue, because the court faced the decision of whether to go with the laws that the forefathers had come up with or grant people right to counsel so that the truth can be brought out. The issue was whether the state of Florida violated Gideon's Sixth Amendment right to counsel, made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment, because they did not provide him with the assistance of counsel for his criminal defense.
The Court ruled unanimously in Gideon's favor and held that the Fourteenth Amendment included state as well as federal defendants. The Court said that all states must provide an attorney in all felony and capital cases for people who cannot afford one. Through the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause, the Sixth Amendment guarantee of the right to counsel applies to the states. Gideon won his case and took the groundbreaking step in public defense lawyers being there for people that cannot afford a lawyer of their own.
Henry Drummond - the lawyer for the defense. He is famous for taking the cases of unpopular clients.
Although this case was very influential on the way police forces carry out their duties, I think the case was mostly important in that it forced all courts in the U.S. to have a greater recognition of the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution and the story of the victim involved in this case. Clarence Earl Gideon was born on August 30, 1910 in the state of Hannibal, Missouri. His father’s name was Charles Gideon and his mother’s was Virginia Gideon. In 1913, Charles Gideon died just a few days after the third birthday of Clarence. Virginia remarried Marion Frances Anderson when he was five.
The case of Ford V. Wainwright is a Supreme court case of the United Stated argued in 1986. Alvin Bernard Ford is the plaintiff in this case, In 1974 he was convicted of murder in Florida and sentenced to death. In 1982 Ford began to show signs of a serious mental disorder. The Governor of Florida then appointed a panel of three psychiatrist to determine if Ford was component to understand the nature of the death penalty and the crime he had committed. All three psychiatrist disagreed on his exact diagnosis but agreed that he was sane and knew the nature of the death penalty. Ford’s attorney unsuccessfully sought a hearing in the state court for determination of his competency and then filed a hebeas corpus petition, which is a writ requiring a person to be brought before a judge or court especially for investigation of a restraint of the person’s liberty. The Florida courts denied his petition and signed a death warrant for Ford in 1984. Ford then sued Louie L. Wainwright, the defendant, who at the time of the case was the Secretary of the Florida Division of Correction.
In Gideon's Trumpet Anthony Lewis documents Clarence Earl Gideon's struggle for a lawyer, during an era where it was not necessary in the due process to appoint an attorney to those convicted.
At his trial Gideon could not afford a lawyer, so he asked the judge to appoint him one, Gideon argued that the Court should appoint him one because the Sixth Amendment says that everyone is entitled to a lawyer. The judge turned down his request, saying that the state did not have to pay a poor person's legal defense unless he was charged with a capital crime or that "special circumstances" existed. Gideon was left to represent himself in court.
The Supreme Court exercised its interpretation of the Constitution and found that a violation of the First Amendment was apparent and therefore, also a violation of the fourteenth Amendment showing that due process of the law was not given.
Meghan Daum, born in1970 in California, is an American author, essayist, and journalist. Her article “Virtual Love” published in the August 25-September 1, 1997 issue of The New Yorker follows the author’s personal encounter with cyberspace relationships. Through this article the author presents to us the progress of an online relationship that after seeming entertaining and life changing at the beginning becomes nothing more than a faded memory. In fact she even ends the text stating that “reality is seldom able to match the expectations raised by intoxication of an idealized cyber romance.”(Daum, 1997, P.10) Daum concludes that online-dating or virtual love rarely survives the physical world when confronted by its obstacles such as its pace, idealization, and mainly expectations. However, although the message of the author is true, yet the way by which it was conveyed is found faulty.
evidence and the right of a condemned man to ask for testing.("A.B. Butler").He was exonerated by
The final clause of the first section of the fourteenth amendment explains, "nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." 2 The 1976 ruling of Gregg v....
It utilized infants from birth to six months of age. Studies were excluded if the formula contained long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, if there were supplements to the mother or infants, if there was contamination of breast milk like lead and mercury, or if mother or child were sick at start or at an increased risk for disease. Convincing and probable evidence was found in favor of breastfeeding on several outcomes. Breastfeeding can decrease the growth and obesity in infants, help maintain normal blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and prevent diabetes in childhood. For each month a child was breastfed their BMI decreased and their odds of being obese were reduced by 8%. Breastfeeding was shown to have a small decrease in systolic blood pressure for children. Longer duration of breastfeeding may result in decreased likelihood of developing diabetes. Breastfeeding was also shown to protect infants from overall infections including gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
The American Academy of Pediatricians recommends mothers breastfed their baby for one year. This provides the baby with the best nutrition and antibodies, protecting them against infections and colds. Breast milk is one of the first foods that babies ingest. Breast milk is easy to digest, and it has the right amount of fat, sugar, water, and protein. Studies show when mothers breastfeed it can lower the risk of babies having type 1 and type 2 diabetes, asthma, and becoming obese (Goldman). Breastfeeding is
The baby’s health is a main concern and in order to keep him or her healthy, mothers should breastfeed. Heather M. Kolinsky’s research proves that babies who are breastfed for at least the first six months of birth are “less likely to contract a wide range of infectious diseases.” The reason for this is because breast milk is made distinctly for the child. There are specific nutrients provided in breast milk
3). Through the service of others, servants as leaders create positive changes in the lives of others that lead those served to act more autonomously (Block, Blanchard, Wheatley & Autry, 2006). The goal of a service leader is to help others achieve their highest level of functioning. Those served are then motivated to become service leaders as well (Block, Blanchard, Wheatley & Autry, 2006). Thus, servant leadership focuses on commitment to helping the individual served grow in their abilities. In turn this gives the served individual confidence in their work and personal abilities which then transforms into a desire to help others do the
Servant Leadership, found in Chapter Ten of the text Leadership: Theory and Practice, is a paradoxical approach to leadership. It begins with the innate desire to serve first, and then lead through servant hood. Servant Leadership, originating in the early 1970s, is similar to the skills and styles approach, focusing on leadership from the leader’s viewpoint and his behavior under the leadership. Under this style of leadership, the leaders are considerate of the followers needs, empathizing with and having compassion for the followers. A servant leader feels a social responsibility to the less privileged and is concerned with inequality among the followers. Through servant leadership, a servant leader will attempt to correct these social injustices and by enabling and empowering the followers while helping the followers in developing valuable personal skills. Servant leaders are ethical, projecting strong moral behavior towards the followers, taking leadership paths that serve the greater good of an organization, the community and even society as a whole.
Virtual love - love behind technology. Is this real love? Today love revolves around dating apps, online chats, and non-stop texting where people can hide behind a phone or computer screen. In Meghan Daum’s “Virtual Love,” she received an online message from a guy known as PFSlider. After reading the chat, she ignored it until she received another email where he admitted he had a crush on her. PFSlider, being from Los Angeles, and Daum from New York, agreed to meet for lunch on his yearly trip to New York. The two communicated back and forth everyday and their online relationship progressed. They arranged a meeting at a restaurant in New York where PFSlider obnoxiously talked and talked as Daum became annoyed. PFSlider continued to message and send flowers. Although Daum was upset from their first encounter, she decided to give the relationship another chance. After traveling to Los Angeles, she described the relationship as unfulfilling and ended it. As Daum concludes with, “Even if we met on the street, we wouldn’t recognize each other, our particular version of intimacy now obscured by the branches