Germanium has 32 protons and 41 neutrons in the nucleus of each of its atoms. Between it’s 4 energy levels it has 32 electrons. 2 in the first, 8 in the second, 18 in the third and 4 in the last energy level. The 4 electrons in the last level are called valence electrons. Valence electrons are the number of electrons the atom must gain/loose to have a full outer shell. An atom’s outer shell is the energy level furthest away from the nucleus, each of the other energy levels are sub shells
Germanium atoms have a mass of 72.61 amu (atomic mass unit). It's radius is 211 pm (picometer: 0.000000000001 of a meter). The atomic volume of germanium is 13 cm^3/mol. Mol stands for mole which is the unit of measure for large quantities of particles, molecules...
Germanium is in the fourth period (row) and 14th group (column). The 14th group is the carbon group, the carbon group consists of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and flerovium. The carbon group and the elements within it have some common
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Germanium is considered to be a heavy metal which means it's bad for aquatic ecosystems. It's not the most abundant element but as a planet we produce approximately 80 tons per year. Of those 80 tons we each inhale around 1mg a day (not a lot). Germanium alone is harmful to the environment but when it's combined with other elements it can become deadly and dangerous for us too. Some of these compounds are germanium hydride and germanium tetrahydride because they’re extremely flammable and combustible. Other compounds with germanium are germanium phosphate, germanium hydride, germanium nitrate, germanium bromide, germanium iodine, germanium chloride, germanium oxide, germanium chromide, germanium sulfide, germanium fluoride, germanium hypochlorite, germanium chlorate, germanium telluride, germanium dichromate, germanium selenide, germanium tungstate, germanium arsenide, germanium cyanide, germanium phosphide and germanium
In the rough and tropical island of Papua New Guinea, lived an exceptional aggregation of individuals called, The Gebusi. In the 1980's, The Gebusi tribe was anything besides up to date and acculturated. The Gebusi had their own particular singular and special customs and conventions that they rehearsed and accompanied. The Gebusi tribe took part in custom homosexuality, divination or witchcraft was exceedingly respected and polished, and they partook in particular sister-trade relational unions. By 1998-99, The Gebusi tribe had made another lifestyle. The Gebusi had gotten accustomed with new social convictions, modernization due to “western ways” that had changed their lives until the end of time especially changing their ways and view on gender roles and sexuality.
An atom, by definition, is the smallest part of any substance. The atom has three main components that make it up: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are within the nucleus in the center of the atom. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in many orbitals. These orbitals consist of many different shapes, including circular, spiral, and many others. Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Protons and electrons both have charge of equal magnitude (i.e. 1.602x10-19 coulombs). Neutrons have a neutral charge, and they, along with protons, are the majority of mass in an atom. Electron mass, though, is negligible. When an atom has a neutral charge, it is stable.
Holmium is a chemical element and is the sixty seventh element on the periodic table. It is located in Period six and it is a member of the lanthanide group. It was discovered in 1879 by a Swedish chemist named Per Theodor Cleve. Like Carl Gustaf Monsander who discovered the elements lanthanum, erbium and terbium Theodor also used similar strategy's to find contaminants in the oxides of uncommon earth elements. He first looked at the oxide of erbium and was able to split it into two types of materials one being brown and the other green. This in turn caused Theodor to find the oxide of holmium (it was the brown material which is known as holmia) and this was how the element holmium was discovered.
Lithium has an atomic number of 3, and an atomic weight of 6.94. In general, lithium is more stable than hydrogen, and slightly less stable than nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When looking at chemical ion properties, it is useful to consider three main characteristics: the size, or radius, of the ion, the charge, and the ion's electron affinity. Lithium has a similar charge to radius ratio to that of magnesium, which is in group IIA of the periodic table, and so chemists say that the two elements are "chemically similar.
It has a molar volume of 9.38 ×10-6 m3/mol. Molybdenum has an atomic weight of 95.94 amu. Its atomic number is 42. The atomic radius is 145 pm and the covalent radius is 145 pm also. Its electron configuration is [Kr]4d^5 5s^1.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
The symbol “As” from the periodic table, belongs to the chemical element Arsenic. Its located in group 15, period 4, and is clasificat as semi-metals. Arsenic’s atomic number is 33, and has a density of 5.776 grams per cubic centimeter. Arsenic melting point is 1090 K (817°C or 1503°F) and the boiling point is 887 K (614°C or 1137°F). The element specific gravities are 1.97 and 5.73, they are respectively to his two solid modifications: yellow, and grey (or metallic). Arsenic’s appearance is steel grey, very brittle, crystalline, and is classified as a semi-metal since it has properties of both.
Born between 1475 and 1480 in Wurzburg, Germany, famously known as Matthias Grunewald, a uniquely rebellious German artist, helped change the way people looked at art. Grunewald’s first (known) painting is estimated to be Munich, dated in the year 1503. His childhood was lost along with most of his art, most information about him was deserted in the Baltic Sea. Today, only a small number of pieces from Grunewald remain.
In 2008, a group of university and college presidents expressed their displeasure with the minimum legal age of 21 years old by signing the Amethyst Initiative. Led by John McCardell, The amethyst initiative is a group of one hundred and thirty six college presidents who show support for lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18. The name “Amethyst” reflects on the purple gemstone which was sought to ward off drunkenness if used in drinking vessels and/or jewelry. Though the Initiative sees good in lowering the requirement, they want to perform an informed and dispassionate debate rather take action for change in legal matters. The college presidents do not encourage teenagers to be allowed to drink to their heart's content, but rather to allow the young adult one more responsibility.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
Silver has the atomic number of 47 due to its 47 protons and electrons. Silvers mass number is 107.8682, which is the sum of its protons and neutrons.
At least it looked like magic. Radium was an element that glowed and that was part of its allure. Just ask the dial painters who later came to be known as "Ghost girls". However, glowing was not a problem for the "ghost girls", and they made the most of the sinister side effect. While mixing the paint, radioactive dust would fill the air and would end up on the girl's hair and clothes, and they loved it! They would put some on their cheeks to give them a pink "glow". They would wear their good dresses to the plant so they would be the ones shimmering and shining in the evening. They went as far as painting radium onto their teeth for a smile that would light up the dark. Therefore, it was no wonder that after a shift
In chemistry, metals compose a great number of the periodic table elements. Each metal has its own characteristic mass,
Atom is referred to as the smallest and unnoticeable unit of matter. However, ions are atoms in which the number of protons and electrons are not the same. Therefore, ions can either be negatively and positively charged. Atom is made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons. The neutrons and protons make the nucleus of an atom while the electrons surround atom’s nucleus. Atom is electrically neutral because the number of electrons and protons are the same. Neutral Magnesium (Mg) is an atom, and it has 12 electrons and 12 electrons giving it a mass number of 24g/mole. Magnesium easily loses two electrons in its valence shell to be positively charged (cation), the number of protons are greater than the number of electrons in this case. Neutral oxygen (O) with eight electrons and eight protons is an atom. Oxygen atom easily acquire two extra electrons to make it valance shell complete and to become negatively charged; in this case, the number of electrons is more than the number of protons hence it is known anion (Smirnov, 2003). When an atom loses the electrons in their valence shell to become a cation, its atomic radius is always larger than it ionic radius. When an atom attracts electrons to its valence shell to become anion its atomic radius and ionic radius are the same (Housecroft, and Sharpe