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What is the definition of friendship
Aristotle's argument on friendship
What is the definition of friendship
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Genuine friendship is rooted in virtue and common goals. As Graham Allan has commented on, when approaching the perception of friendship, we see our leading hitch is that there is an absence of firmly established and socially agreed standards for what makes a person a genuine friend. Depending on the settings, we may describe someone as a friend, or we may feel the label is not suitable. We may have a very slim understanding of what friendship requires. For instance, Bellah, taking from Aristotle, imply that there are three components to the customary idea of friendship: “Friends must enjoy each other’s company, they must have some usefulness for one another, and share a mutual vow to the good” (Bellah 115). In modern-day western societies,
He differentiates between genuine friendships and then two other forms based on pleasure, and common usefulness. Genuine friendship is something that will not dissolve, whereas the two other forms needs utility and pleasure to be involved in order to last. A genuine friendship takes place amongst two good men, “each wishes good for each other, and is also good themselves”. Aristotle continues to say, “And it is those who wish the good of their friends for the friends’ sake that are most truly friends, because each loves the other for what he is, and not for any incidental quality” (Aristotle 1976: 263). Genuine friendship is a type of virtue, or involves virtue, and it is very essential for a good life. Nobody would choose to have a life without friends, even if they had all the additional good things. There are, however, a few different opinions about friendship. Some believe friendship is a matter of likeness, that our friends resemble ourselves. Others take the opposing view that friendship is based on utility. The problem with friendship based on utility is it is a temporary thing. It changes according to the settings or circumstances. So with the ground for the friendship no longer there, the friendship also falls apart, because the ground is what kept the friendship going. Friendships based on utility mostly occur among people who are pursing their own benefit. Sometimes they do not like
He is vindicating his conception of happiness as virtuous activity by showing how satisfying are the relationships that a virtuous person can normally expect to have. Cicero, in his book, “On Friendship”, had a lot to say about the different aspects of friendship in his time, but how would he view modern friendship? Some friendships Cicero may not be proud of; like the common relationships that are forced on in a classroom or work place and the lack of allowing nature to take control and make the friendships that are meant to happen. However, Cicero would be happy with the way the higher level friendships have developed in virtue. He brings up the nature of human beings a lot in his text because people take advantage of other people and he knew that. “Friendship is not something we are led to by the expectation of making a profit; we think it worth seeking because the whole enjoyment of it consists in the love itself (Cicero, 12)”. Human nature is what makes people want to have friendships. This is one of the main things that Cicero continuously touched on in his book. “Friendship arises from nature as such, rather than from some neediness: from application of the mind, along with a kind of love, rather than from thinking about how much advantage
Friendship can be debated as both a blessing and a curse; as a necessary part of life to be happy or an unnecessary use of time. Friends can be a source of joy and support, they can be a constant stress and something that brings us down, or anywhere in between. In Book 9 of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses to great lengths what friendship is and how we should go about these relationships. In the short story “Melvin in the Sixth Grade” by Dana Johnson, we see the main character Avery’s struggle to find herself and also find friendship, as well as Melvin’s rejection of the notion that one must have friends.
Cicero believed friends were people you could use as leverage by building loyalty and connections to build one’s social structure to achieve the highest prize of them all: consulship. According to Cicero, friendship creates problems, stating, “Your exalted character has compelled many to pretend to be your friends while really jealous of you” (Cicero 42). What Cicero is implying is that everyone is jealous of everyone else, and by making friends to become consul you also attract enemies who also desire power. Cicero describes three of these opponents as “First, those whom you have attacked; second, those who dislike you without definite reason; third, those who are warm friends of your competitors” (Cicero 42). One cannot please all in Rome, Cicero recounts, and because of this bitter struggle over power and private ambition friendship breeds enemies..
Aristotle presents his view of the mutual desire for good in others, or Friendship in his work, The Nicomachean Ethics. He asserts that friendship comes in three types, Virtue Friendship, Use Friendship, and Pleasure Friendship. He distinguishes Virtue Friendship as the perfect friendship, leaving Use Friendship and Pleasure friendship as deficient friendships. C.S. Lewis presents his view of friendship, which is motivated by appreciation love, in his book The Four Loves in a manner seeming to correspond to Aristotle’s concept of Virtue Friendship. Lewis also presents his perception of Companionship, which seems to correspond to Aristotle’s notion of Use and Pleasure Friendships. Lewis presents a more modern and seemingly accurate rehabilitation
What I noticed when comparing the two readings, Cicero refers to the virtue of the friendship more than
Late one evening, curled up in her nest, Harriet lay thoughtfully reading the last of Aristotle’s model of friendships: the perfect friendship. Though no secret to Harriet, Aristotle presents the idea that it is the most desirable and genuine of the three forms. The foundation of this friendship is not trivial, but instead the relationship is built on a common good and virtuous nature. As Aristotle explains, “those who love for the sake of utility love for the sake of what is good for themselves, and those who love for the sake of pleasure do so for the sake of what is pleasant to themselves.” Aristotle continues, “Perfect friendship is the friendship of men who are good, and alike in virtue; for those wish well alike to each other qua good, and they are good in themselves.” (concluding sentence or two...)
II In Books VIII and IX, Aristotle discusses the role of friendship in the good life.
Aristotle believes that everyone is in need of some type of friend, he states that “for rich people and those who rule and have power, there seems to be the greatest need for friends.”(page. 144, book VIII) Aristotle believes that we as humans benefit greatly from having friends, no matter who we are or what position we are in wealthy or poor. There are three distinct types of friendship that Aristotle directs his beliefs towards. These three types of friendships include: Utility, pleasure, and Goodness or virtuous friendship. Aristotle believes that friendship is something that is extremely important to have and should be held above many things. Friendship Utility is unlike the friendships of pleasure or goodness because as Aristotle puts it is “for the old” he explains that friendship Utility is a friendship that two people may have where they only communicate with one another for self-benefit or to gain something for one’s self. These two people are not likely to live with each other and at times may not even be nice to th...
Let us first examine the similarities of friendship with that of happiness and virtue, which we discussed previously is the most necessary part of a happy life. Aristotle describes happiness by saying “happiness is most choiceworthy of all the goods (1097b17-18).” His idea of choiceworthy is something we choose “because of itself, never because of something else (1097b).” Friendship is seen as similar to happiness when Aristotle describes friendship as “choiceworthy in its own right (1159a27).” Proven earlier, virtue is necessary for a happy life because “happiness is a certain sort of activity of the soul in accord with virtue (1099b26-27).” Since virtue is such an integral part of happiness, the similarity between friendship and virtue is relevant to the relationship between friendship and a happy life. Aristotle describes virtues as “states (1106a14),” and at the same time describes friendship as “a state (1157b30),” as well. He goes on further to say, “Just as, in the case of virtues, some people are called good in their state of character, others good in their activity, the same i...
In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle works to foster a more precise understanding of complex ideas including justice and friendship. Of course, he assigns varying levels of importance to qualities depending on how necessary they are to becoming a happy and self-sufficient individual, which he sees as the ultimate aim for human beings. As such, he seems to create a hierarchical structure in which aspects that push an individual closer to happiness are effectively superior to those which do not. Yet, as he develops the ideas of friendship and justice more, dividing them into their constituent categories, the hierarchy between them begins to become more obscured, suggesting that, rather than the two existing in service of one or the other, the
First, the article introduces the audience to friendships described by Aristotle, and Todd May. In the text it states, “It is threatened when we are encouraged to look up on those
Seneca references in Letter VI, the importance of intimacy as an opportunity for growth. This is to say the intimate friendships between individuals cultivate a stimulus of affection, thus alleviating the feeling of isolation or the need for self-content. However in letter IX, Seneca warns of the dangers of wrongful intentions of friends. He felt that the company you entertain will either strengthen you or hinder your virtue, i.e. character. I believe Seneca’s letter to Lucilius was a reminder to always be conscience of your character and not to jeopardize ones virtue for friendship. The people you consult with should be like you and you should look specifically for “individuals who will improve you.”(pg.43) He feels that the people are consistently selfish in their actions. In that, we as people should initiate a trade of information that promotes mutual benefits. I believe what he is intending to convey is that our ability to influence one another in an intimate relationship whether it be friend or spouse should polish one another. The value of information and knowledge increases as it is shared. He uses the example of being in the presence of people that can offer differing perspective and influence to a subject as one might already have a fixed opinion of. He suggests these interactions more preferable in comparison to entertaining friends that sit around and do nothing all day. Their contribution is limited and often times not thought provoking. This is a familiar fixed idea that most western civilizations recognize as two heads is always better than one and one hand washes the other. By networking in unity, the possibility for efficacy rises. The benefit of exchanging thoughts and ideas between
Aristotle wrote on many subjects in his lifetime but one of the virtues that he examines more extensively is friendship. Aristotle believes that there are three different kinds of friendship: utility, pleasure, and virtuous friendships. He also argues that a real friendship should be highly valued because it is a complete virtue and he believes it to be greater than honor and justice. Aristotle suggests that human’s love of utility and pleasure is the only reason why the first two types of friendships exist. Aristotle also argues that humans only set up these types of relationships for personal gain. But when he speaks of the virtuous friendships, Aristotle states that it is one of the greatest attainments one can achieve.
Among the minor works of Cicero, the essays On Old Age and On Friendship have and always will be admired for their urbane, and cultivated style. The four collections of letters to his friends are among his most precious works. These letters are a spontaneous self-revelation of Cicero and an excellent source of information not the politics of ancient Rome.
The play Julius Caesar that is written by William Shakespeare, friendship is not always what it appears to be. There is a contrast throughout the play among real and fake friendship. Brutus, Cassius, and other conspirators want to kill Caesar before he may become king and corrupt the republic. To achieve their goal, the conspirators pose as friends and flatter him, make him belief them, and then give him bad advice that leads him into danger. Antony, in contrast, is a true friend who stays loyal to Caesar and serves justice to conspirators. Friendship can be good among friends, but if it is not true friendship in which friends are loyal to each other, then it will turn into a very bad situation. Whereas the conspirators dishonestly use a pretense of friendship to hide the reality from Caesar and use flattery to make that Caesar do what they wanted him to do, Caesar’s true friend, Antony, remains loyal to Caesar to the end.
There are many valuable things in life like family, sports, school but what about friendship? To live life without friendship is something no one should ever go through. Friendship is a necessity to living a successful life. Friendship occurs when someone is a supporter, gives assistance, and is attached to someone all the while genuinely taking care of them when they are hurt (The definition of friend, 1995-2002). A good and healthy friendship can be defined fro individuals as when someone has his or her own support system, a friend being loyal, and will always have genuine and mutual trust.