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Literature Review For Crisis Leadership
Aspects of the "crisis management
Literature Review For Crisis Leadership
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In this paper, I will discuss how General Petraeus began the process of bringing life back to a dismal and dilapidated Mosul. Petraeus accomplished this by providing clear direction on how to complete an election process. He led the complicated task under the guidance of ADP 6-0 Mission Command. Which proved to be successful through his constant assessment of the situation.
In 2003, the war-ravaged city of Mosul, Iraq experienced looting and riots on a regular basis. This was due to the fact the Iraq war had just begun and no effort was put into reconciliation yet (Lunberg, 2006). During this time, the city’s overall infrastructure was in a state of decline and the local people were tired and wary.
Prior to General Petraeus arriving in Mosul, Army Special Forces and Kurdish Peshmerga were engaged in fierce fighting in the city. An unstable government and the military occupation of the city were contributing factors for the civil unrest (Lunberg, 2006). To compound this situation, there was no emphasis put on the reestablishment of the Iraqi Government or the rebuilding of the city. Additionally, the main
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Through his hard work, clear vision of the operational environment, and constant reevaluation of the election process, the elections were held on May 5th, 2003. This resulted in 24 council members and a governor being voted into office. While General Petraeus coincides this is just an interim fix to a bigger problem, it is a step in the right direction for Mosul. There is criticism that the reason this didn’t work elsewhere in Iraq is that the Iraqi government did not support the process. Additionally, General Petraeus enacted policy without the approval of the President, and this would make things difficult (Knowlton, Jr. 2008). Without the approval of the President, he could not garner support from the US to take this to a larger level within
In this paper, I will provide a Battle Analysis and outline the events leading up to and surrounding the Battle of 73 Eastings (refers to a north-south grid line). In addition, I will describe how the United States Army’s (USA) 2nd Armored Calvary Regiment (ACR) defeated forces from the Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG) using speed, technology and superior combat power. Although some consider the Battle of 73 Eastings extremely successful, some consider it a failure due to the large amount of Iraqi forces that retreated towards Bagdad. Lastly, I will analyze how each side used their intelligence assets and what they could have used to change the outcome.
A big challenge faced by those planning the operation, was that no one had the full picture. The command and control of units in Afghanistan were split into three separate entities; each had their own assets and intelligence sources. The U.S. ground forces under United States Central Command (CENTCOM) were lead by Lieutenant General (LG) Paul Mikolashek out of Kuwait. How...
Foulk, Vincent L. (2006) Battle of Fallujah: Occupation, Resistance and Stalemate in the War in Iraq.
US forces reinforced their presence in the municipal hall chosen for the ballot. Critics said the council could include officials accused of corruption who worked under Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and new leaders with little public support. At the same time, more than 200 delegates from different ethnic and religious groups elected members of the Council and then selected a mayor from among the list of candidates. The council consisted of three Kurds, a Christian, an Assyrian, a Turkoman and seven Arabs from within the city, as well as Yazidi, a Christian and three Muslims from tribes outside of Mosul to restore democracy in Iraq to include former senior officers and representatives of government bodies: Interior, Health, Trade, Banking, Education, Public Works, Municipalities, and Fuel.
The U.S. Marines were conducting one of the first modern peacekeeping missions in the war torn city of Beirut, Lebanon from 1982-1984. It ended up costing the United States a combined total of 241 Marines, Sailors, and Army warriors and was the highest death toll from a single terrorist act until the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York, Washington and a field in Pennsylvania. To understand the full context in which the Marine and Navy commanders found themselves, we must understand the mission statement and the context in which their senior political and military leadership provided it. We must also consider the operational environment the Multinational Peacekeeping force had to implement their mission. The outside influence of Syria and Iran would also play a role in the bombing from both a military and political element and would signal a new dynamic of terrorism in the whole world, as we know it. The tragic Marine peacekeepers barracks bombing in Beirut, Lebanon during the 1983 Multinational Peacekeeping Mission resulted from an ill-defined mission statement. Today’s contemporary peacekeeping missions necessitate clarity and flexibility in their mission statements
The most simple dictionary definition I have found is: The quality or state of being accountable; an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one 's actions. Accountability can be applied to many situations in the daily life and it can easily be overlooked in the civilian world, but when it comes to the US Army or any military branch, accountability is one of the most important things. That is why is instilled in every soldier since the moment they are shipped out to Basic Combat Training. The whole Army needs accountability to keep operations running 24/7. From the PVTs, all the way up to high ranking officers, we all need to be accountable for our assigned equipment, location/status, personnel, and our actions. If we are not held accountable of our
Through Saddam Hussein’s tyrannical rule, ethnic and religious groups were subject to repression that ultimately involved foreign nations. One such group was the Kurdish people living in Iraq. Originally living in the nation of Kurdistan, a nation eliminated by the Allied Powers after World War I, over 20 million Kurds lived in parts of Iran, Iran, Turkey, and Syria (PBS). The Kurds were often used as pawns in Middle Eastern polit...
The amount of corruption within the United States’ violent involvement in the Middle East is almost unreal. Unfortunately, the wars have been too real—half a million deaths in the first year of Iraqi Freedom alone (Rogers). These wars have been labeled--the violence, filtered-- to fit a specific agenda. Whether the deaths are deemed an acceptable loss in the name of national security, or as a devastating injustice, the reality doesn’t change. Lives have been lost. Lives that will never be brought back. The intention of wars is in part due to attacks on the twins towers on September 11th 2001. When the buildings fell, almost three thousand people died, according
Humans are fascinated by destruction. There is just something so intriguing about seeing something blow up and its resulting rubble. Whether you are travelling to the ruins of Pompeii or watching the world fall to ash in the latest disaster movie, these spectacles attract thousands upon thousands of tourists and are a large part of American popular culture; some people might even call these things “fun”. But there were no tourists to the ruins of Sarajevo, and it was certainly not fun being there. Ten thousand people--about the entire population of Hartland--were killed in Sarajevo with thousands more made refugees for nothing more than the senseless, racially-motivated vice of others (Brown & Mpini, 2012). This major city in Eastern Europe
Iraqi culture has one of the world’s most ancient history of culture to date. The country of Iraq has dealt with numerous changes throughout the years ranging from war, economy downfall, and environment changes. A lot of the issues that arose had to do with the power and decision making of the former President, Saddam Hussein. The country of Iraq is located north of the Persian Gulf and its population is equivalent to that of California’s. This paper will discuss the economy in Iraq, as well as the Iraqi culture and their military.
The author begins with a descript narrative of the warfare that goes on within the Middle East. A picture is painted of the area in which much of the military activity is conducted. The way that the author portrays Waziristan is as a desolate wasteland, “Outside the towns, there are few signs of modern life -- no power lines or telephone poles. Occasional herds of goats drift past, shepherded by nomadic tribes searching for water…” (Gannon). From this description one would be led to believe that Waziristan is a place that is a military dominated desert, void of modern necessities. This area is described as the ideal hub for al-Qaida, Afghan, and Pakistani allied militaries to gather, train, and prepare for war battles.
However, since Ramadi was taken over, the government sees the need to give the Sunni tribes weapons. Also, the government wants to recruit more Iraqi troops and other forces to help in the fight. The US government is responsible for helping to train and rebuild the Iraqi forces in their army, as well as to get Baghdad to work with the Sunnis, and to bomb the ISIS targets without needed to put boots on the
Oslon, Robert. "The Goat And The Butcher: Nationalism and State Formation in Kurdistan-Iraq Since The Iraqi War." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39.4(2007): 672-676. Print.
military withdrawal, a period that then again matched with the ascendance of ISIS: Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's distrustfulness that Sunnis were out to decimate his questionable administration and his merciless endeavor to suppress their restriction to Shia control; the war-fatigued United States' negligence of how Syria's considerate war exhibited an overpowering open door for the fragmented and for the most part barren al Qaeda in Iraq to rise again on both sides of the Syrian outskirt; the Obama organization's hesitance to apply discretionary compel even as the Maliki government ridiculed U.S. wishes for a more comprehensive collusion in Iraq; and inaction and inactivity with respect to the United States and its associates as ISIS cleared over region fundamental to the national character of Iraq and
Warfare: The material and human destruction caused by warfare is a major development problem. For example, from 1990 to 1993, the period encompassing Desert Storm, per capita GDP in Iraq fell from $3500 to $761. The drop in average income, while a striking representation of the drop in the well-being of the average Iraqi citizen in the aftermath of the war, fails to capture the broader affects of damages to the infrastructure and social services, such as health care and access to clean water.