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Gender fluidity in society
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Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex not only shows Cal’s transformation but also shows the “world’s transformation into a completely different entity”(a conversation with Eugenides 2007). Over time science has gained more power and in modernity scientific ideas are seen as more valuable than tradition. However, there are some questions raised in people’s minds about whether science is always accurate. The mistaken labeling of Cal’s gender in Middlesex models our concerns about the insufficiency of science. The characters are most likely adapted to the modern American society, and they have faith in the science. They trust science more than anything else, but all of a sudden a question is raised in Cal’s mind. He decides to go against science, and …show more content…
In this case her grandmother, Desdemona is not sure about her gender. However, Doctor Phil, their family doctor, and famous sexologist Doctor Luce define her as girl after a variety of examinations. One day she finds out that sciences are inaccurate and they are very powerful. Eugenides shows that Desdemona’s dangling spoon over mother is more accurate than Dr. Phil and Dr. Luce examination. The Eugenides’ characters are modern American; therefore, they will believe more in science than another thing. In people's minds science is more accurate than anything else, but many people do not know the hidden facts between the science. For instance, science is no longer one hundred percent accurate. Scientists could be wrong, but no can find their mistakes because they are extremely powerful. According to James Michael Nichols in a video about what it is like to be intersex, “intersex people have to deal with biological characteristics… Some intersex …show more content…
Although she is not sure about Cal’s gender by dangling a spoon over his mother stomach, other times she is always right. When she is trying to find Cal’s gender, “she opened the silkworm box and she gets the silver spoon, then she dangled the spoon over my mother and me to identify my gender… the most interesting thing is Desdemona have a perfect guess record and she is correct twenty-three times” (Eugenides, p.5). This shows there are a variety of different comparisons between modern ideas and traditional ideas. In contrast, science is behind because the doctor made mistakes in determining a person’s sex even though they use science, but Desdemona can do that by her own ideas without science. When Desdemona labels Cal as a boy “Milton told his mom that your spoon was wrong and Desdemona asked him how you know so much? To which he replied what many Americans of his generation have: It’s science” (Eugenides, p.6). Milton has more faith in science than his mother’s spoon theory because his mother’s spoon theory is not based on science, but Milton did not understand that science is not always accurate. Unfortunately, in this case science is proven wrong because Desdemona was right later on in the story. Cal is a boy, but the doctor wants him to continue raised as a girl because there was a mistake with his
The story of Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley is revered as one of the greatest novels to be formulated. It takes the point of view of a scientist named ‘Victor Frankenstein’ who is fuelled by an insatiable thirst of expanding his knowledge. His interests draw to that of being able to give things life where he takes the seat of god feeling that he has the power to do all he envisions, which in the end destroys him. Almost 150 years later the book Flowers for Algernon written by Daniel Keyes and published in 1959, manages to recreate the conflict between science and ethics and the implications of ungoverned scientific experimentation. The book observes a young man named Charlie who has a mental disorder, he continuously seeks to “become smart” and is attending a special school to achieve his goal. While visiting this school he is
Deadly and helpful, science is a dual-edged sword. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the first to emphasize this through his literary works. “Rappaccini's Daughter” and “The Birthmark” are two of his works where he teaches this lesson through the trials of his characters. Focusing on the motif of the “mad scientist”, Hawthorne brings to light the points that people struggle with humanity, learning to love themselves and others, and that science can be more harmful then helpful.
In the short story, “The Birthmark”, Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the story of Aylmer, a man devoted entirely to science, who marries Georgiana, a beautiful young woman with a single imperfection. Georgiana’s imperfection is merely a birthmark on her cheek that bears the resemblance of a tiny crimson hand. Still, this mark becomes the object of Aylmer’s obsession, and he resolves to use his scientific prowess to correct “what Nature left imperfect in her fairest work.” Aylmer succeeds in removing the birthmark; however, he unfortunately causes his wife’s death in the process. Through his skillful use of diction, foreshadowing, symbolism, irony, paradox, allusion, and antithesis, Hawthorne warns of the consequences of man having the desire and power to control and alter nature, and suggests that nothing paradisiacal can exist on this earth; that being imperfect is just part of being human.
Another aspect of the gender in this novel is the physical, mental, emotional, and moral representation that the two sexes are distinguished by. Interestingly, Hawthorne never directly spec...
Before the 1700s, English colonies in America struggled heavily with gender inequality, religious tolerance, and general liberties. Throughout the readings of Chapter 2, there are several direct and indirect indications of how the colonies handled the matters of religion, gender, and liberty within the English colonies.
It is hard to say that one is human and perfect at the same time. Human beings are not capable of achieving perfection; if that would be so, humans would stop being humans. By nature the human race is full of flaws, some appearing as early as in the womb. From defects in the body, to defects in the mind, to the mistakes that one makes in quotidian life, it is impossible to deny that human imperfection exists. To try to manipulate humans into perfection is not only impossible, but it takes away the very essence of being a human being. The short story “The Birthmark” by Nathaniel Hawthorn, illustrates this teaching through the character of Aylmer, an ambitious and devoted scientist who is appalled by his wife Georgiana’s birthmark, believing it to be a perceivable sign of her human flaws and eagerly waits to remove it from her cheek. This story raises riveting questions such as, what is humanity all about, can human beings ever achieve perfection through science, is Hawthorn attacking science or a wider issue, and more significantly, should science take the place of God. Through the use of symbolism in “The Birthmark”, Hawthorn indirectly implies that imperfection is an essential part of being human and that science should not interfere; thus he is hinting his personal views toward science and its limitations over nature.
“Boys will be boys, and girls will be girls”: few of our cultural mythologies seem as natural as this one. But in this exploration of the gender signals that traditionally tell what a “boy” or “girl” is supposed to look and act like, Aaron Devor shows how these signals are not “natural” at all but instead are cultural constructs. While the classic cues of masculinity—aggressive posture, self-confidence, a tough appearance—and the traditional signs of femininity—gentleness, passivity, strong nurturing instincts—are often considered “normal,” Devor explains that they are by no means biological or psychological necessities. Indeed, he suggests, they can be richly mixed and varied, or to paraphrase the old Kinks song “Lola,” “Boys can be girls and girls can be boys.” Devor is dean of social sciences at the University of Victoria and author of Gender Blending: Confronting the Limits of Duality (1989), from which this selection is excerpted, and FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society (1997).
“…Hawthorne’s attitude is so removed and imperturbable that nothing in the story can be taken simply; in “The Birthmark” he reaches his furthest rage of disengagement” (Fogle 118). It is through the intellectual and moral development of Georgiana, not the scientists own actions or words, that the reader comes to understand that although twisted in his methods, Aylmer does possess a kind of “noble” love.
Suggested roles of all types set the stage for how human beings perceive their life should be. Gender roles are one of the most dangerous roles that society faces today. With all of the controversy applied to male vs. female dominance in households, and in the workplace, there seems to be an argument either way. In the essay, “Men as Success Objects”, the author Warren Farrell explains this threat of society as a whole. Farrell explains the difference of men and women growing up and how they believe their role in society to be. He justifies that it doesn’t just appear in marriage, but in the earliest stages of life. Similarly, in the essay “Roles of Sexes”, real life applications are explored in two different novels. The synthesis between these two essays proves how prevalent roles are in even the smallest part of a concept and how it is relatively an inevitable subject.
Mary Shelley expresses various ethical issues by creating a mythical monster called Frankenstein. There is some controversy on how Mary Shelley defines human nature in the novel, there are many features of the way humans react in situations. Shelley uses a relationship between morality and science, she brings the two subjects together when writing Frankenstein, and she shows the amount of controversy with the advancement of science. There are said to be some limits to the scientific inquiry that could have restrained the quantity of scientific implications that Mary Shelley was able to make, along with the types of scientific restraints. Mary Shelley wrote this classic novel in such a way that it depicted some amounts foreshadowing of the world today. This paper will concentrate on the definition of human nature, the controversy of morality and science, the limits to scientific inquiry and how this novel ties in with today’s world.
Although “The Birthmark” by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in the mid-1800s, its themes and ideas are still a part of society today. The 19th century was a time of change, just as this, the millennium, is a time of great change. Hawthorne’s ideas about science, beauty, and life still play a major part in our lives, despite many improvements. Even today, people try to play “God” and change things that nature has put in place. It’s human curiosity; how much can be changed, how many things can be perfected? The themes in this short story-- religion, gender, and science--were relevant in Hawthorne’s day, and still are many years later. The theme of religion is hidden in the desire to erase the birthmark. In trying to “perfect” Georgiana, Aylmer is testing God’s creation. He doesn’t believe that how God created Georgiana is perfect, and he is obsessive about making her his idea of perfection. Aminadab, Aylmer’s servant, tries to tell his master to leave the birthmark alone. He tells Aylmer that if Georgiana were his wife, he wouldn’t worry about something so trivial. However, the scientific ideas on Aylmer’s mind won’t let him forget the birthmark. He believes he can remove it with the help of science. Even so, science has no part in creation, according to Hawthorne, and Georgiana’s death after the removal of the birthmark signifies that theory. Her death is Hawthorne’s way of showing that judgment and perfection are God’s duti...
Browne’s representation of gender roles in a contemporary society is emphasised through a typical household, introducing to the audience of the impact gender roles has on society. As well as influencing ways to beat the illusion of gender roles as well as its characteristics. Browne represents this idea visually for example, where the use of sepia at the start of the book shows that she doesn’t have a voice. This suggests that women do not have a say in what they do, they can’t argue or contest their duties, it’s compulsory for women to do chores naturally with no doubt about it. Furthermore, on the cover of the picture book, the males of the family standing proud and tall with their arms crossed including the low angle shot, suggesting that
In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s romantic short story “The Birthmark,” the main character, Aylmer, is obsessively plagued with the inherent thirst for perfection. Allowing his wife to be the guinea pig was the ultimate downfall for him, as he failed in his research, as well as his lovely wife, Georgiana. The classic themes of romanticism were very evident, such as the power nature controls over science, extreme scenarios, and intense emotions. Aylmer in “The Birthmark” risks the safety of wife for science, knowledge, and perfection, forgetting the beauty of imperfection.
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short stories pose numerous questions about science, the opposition between scientists and Nature, and the roles of women in relation to science and scientists, most notably in “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” “The Birthmark,” and “The Artist of the Beautiful.” In these stories, one might argue that the women—Beatrice, Georgiana, and Annie, respectively—act as foils, disrupting the scientific progress of the male scientist—Giacomo Rappaccini, Aylmer, and Owen Warland, respectively. However, another way of looking at these stories and the women within them is to see these women not merely as foils but as Muses, from whom the scientists take inspiration in their efforts to control of overcome Nature. Similar to the Muses of Greek and Roman mythology, these three women fuel scientific fires, but instead of being praised and valued by scientists, these women are often abused by scientists in various and misogynistic ways. By closely examining these three short stories and the relationships between the Muses and the
Indisputably, roles and characteristics of opposite genders have been ubiquitous, since historical evidence proves so – dating back to when the practice of oral tradition was favored over written language. This historical evidence is especially apparent in literature from previous time periods. In these works of literature, men and women often have very different social and economic positions within society. Particular duties, or tasks, are practiced depending on the gender of these individuals. However, in the advancing world we are currently living in, these duties are beginning to intertwine in an effort to allow equal rights amongst opposite genders. This effort to break the sexist barrier, which encompasses our world, has already begun rattling the chains of politicians and the like. However, with the progressions made thus far in retaliation to sexism and unequal gender privileges, the United States of America is heading in a positive direction towards gender equality. Nonetheless, the female gender is perceived as a lesser entity in society while the male gender is dominant and controlling. The masculine individuals in literary works usually govern, or direct the feminine individuals. These characteristics are often evident in various literary works – including “Hills Like White Elephants,” and “A&P” written by Ernest Hemingway and John Updike, respectively. The slow and steady transformation from a sexist society to one that allows inferior genders to perform similar tasks, if not the same as their superior counterparts, may disturb the ideological mindset of figures with authority; however, it provides inferior genders with the opportunity to branch out socially, economically, and politically.