Gasoline Gasoline as we know it today comes from crude oil. Crude oil, which is a fossil fuel, is a nonrenewable (once its gone, its gone for good) fuel source. Fossil fuel is comprised of naturally decaying plants and animals which once lived in oceans and seas millions of years ago. Where we find crude oil deposits we also find ancient oceans and seabeds. When extracted from the earth, crude oil may have colors ranging from clear to jet black and resistance to flow or viscosity from water to a molasses type substance. Crude oil that is low in metals and sulfur content, light in color and flow easy are said to be "light" and cost more where those which are high in metal and sulfur content dark in color and must be heated to be fluid are called "heavy" and are less expensive. Light crude is less expensive to refine and heavy crude is more expensive to refine. The term "sweet" is used to define crude oil that is low in sulfurous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, which is an organic compound, produced by decaying animals and plant matter and has bonded to a carbon atom. "Sour" crude oil is high in sulfurous compounds. Once extracted from the earth, crude oil must be refined to become useful. Crude oil contains over 500 hundred hydrocarbons plus many other elements and additives that are all combined into one product. The refining process separates and groups these hydrocarbons together to make things that are of value to us such as gasoline and diesel fuel, waxes, asphalts, household fuel oil, industrial lubricating oils, greases and other petrochemicals. Upon extraction, the crude oil is transferred to a refinery. This is normally done either by pipeline or supertanker ships that are up 1500 feet in ... ... middle of paper ... ...s per gallon. Carpooling also saves fuel not to mention your wallet. If you have empty seats in your vehicle, carpool with co-workers and alternate who drives and who pays for gas. Websites used U.S. Department of Energy: http://www.doe.gov/ American Association of Petroleum Geologists: http://www.aapg.org/ Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists: http://www.cspg.org/ Society of Petroleum Engineers: http://www.spe.org/ http://www.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining.htm http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/motorgas/downloads/Motor_Fuels_Tch_Rvw_chp3.pdf http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5367096&ft=1&f=2 http://proquest.umi.com.exproxy.saintleo/pqdweb?did=1065258531&sid=2&Fmt=4&clie8088&RTQ=309&Vname=PQD http://proquest.umi.com.exproxy.saintleo/pqdweb?did=160670601&sid=3&Fmt=4&clientld=18088&RQT=309&Vname=PQD
These refineries are located in three different main locations: Steele City, Nebraska, Wood River and Patoka, Illinois and refineries located on the Gulf Coast of Texas. The pipeline carries three different kinds of oil, which are synthetic crude and diluted bitumen, and also light crude oil. Light crude oil comes from the Bakken formation located in North Dakota and Montana, while the synthetic crude and diluted bitumen come from the oil sands in Canada. There are already three phases of the pipeline in operation and a fourth proposed phase, which has yet to be built. The newest proposed phase has been met with mixed feelings.
I am a husband and a father of four lovely children. We need a large vehicle to haul all of us around town. And of course I would do anything to keep them safe and I always want to provide them with the best. Therefore, after the birth of our fourth child two and a half years ago, my wife and I decided to upgrade our Ford Explorer to a Ford Expedition. We got everything from the side-curtain airbags to the TV and DVD player. What we did not know was we also purchased a rather large unleaded gas bill. The first time we filled the tank it cost us roughly $35; today it costs us right around $75 to fill the tank. Obviously the price of gas has increased significantly in the last two years. The price increase is due to a fluctuation in the supply and demand of not only gasoline but also crude oil, which is needed to manufacture gasoline. In addition, several other factors are influencing a change in the price of gasoline.
Did you know that you can receive a maximum of a $7,500 tax credit for just owning an electric or hybrid vehicle? The United States government values citizens that buy fuel efficient vehicles because it gets the United States one step closer to not buying outsourced oil (Jones par.14). Hybrid vehicles are vehicles that are mostly powered by gasoline, but switch over to electric at stop signs or at coasting speeds. Electric cars are cars that are solely powered by electric from start up to shut down (Motavalli par. 6). Most cars and trucks on the road today are powered by gasoline or diesel engines, which are expensive to operate, bad for the environment, and use resources that are non renewable. To achieve better fuel economy, lower operation cost, reduce the pollution on the environment, and operate vehicles with renewable resources, this world needs to take a better look at using alternative fuels to power vehicles. Alternative fuels for motor vehicles are better for the environment, are renewable resource, and are cheaper for consumers.
According to U.S. Energy Information Administration website (eia.gov), a crude oil refinery is identified as a collection of many industrial facilities that turns crude oil into petroleum as finished products. Petroleum and oil are used interchangeably.
Gasoline is thought to be a helpful substance to all countries worldwide. However, the negative effects are far greater than the positive. A diversity of clean fuels is vital for the political, environmental, and economic health of America. Although gasoline is a product depended on by the United States of America and many other countries, the negative effects are unbearable, dangerous, and unnecessary due to the opportunity to use alternative fuels.
Concisely, to mine the oil sands, all the wetlands have to be drained and the rivers diverted. Then all trees and any form of vegetation and soil are required to be scraped away to expose the oil sands. Then steam shovels into dump trucks that haul the sand to an extraction plant scoop the sand. This sand is then processed at high temperatures using large amounts of water and chemicals, to extract the extremely viscous tar (Smith, 2009). In general, the processes relating to refining, extracting, and processing oil sands have social, economic, and environmental effects that are undesirable as discussed here.
What are some things that help obtain better gas mileage? People should drive the speed limit, also every mile anyone drives exceeding sixty mph is like having to pay twenty cents more for every gallon of gas, therefore everyone should watch their speed! (independencepolice.org) It is good to avoid quick starts and stops, they can decrease mileage as much as five percent. (independencepolice.org) It is a good idea to leave windows down when driving around town instead of using the air conditioner. (independencepolice.org) Mr. Johnny stated “that the less weight you pack around in your vehicle the better gas mileage it will get.”
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
Crude oil has may different forms that are found in different parts of the world.1)very light Crude which is used to make gasoline, Jet fuel and Kerosine this oil is highly volatile and can evaporate in a matter of days.2) Light crude which is also used for gasoline and other fuels including diesel oil. These oils are not as volatile but care moderately toxic and evaporate less quickly.3)Medium oils, which accounts for most of the cru...
Gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons that vary widely in chemical & physical properties and are derived from fractional distillation of crude petroleum with a further treatment mainly in terms of improvement of its octane rating. The hundreds of individual hydrocarbons in gasoline range from c4 to c11
of uses after it is refined. Some of the more well-known uses for petroleum products are as
Crude oil is one of the most important natural resource of the industrialized countries as well as one of the most versatile natural resources too. Crude oil can take thousands of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Because of this many scientist argue that because the time and process of producing crude oil it should be considered rather a non-renewable resource. Crude oil can be found in many of our everyday products such as plastics, detergents, paints, and even medicines in addition to fueling our multifaceted transportation system including airplanes, trains, vehicles, and big rig trucks. With the amount of industries that depend on crude oil, Earths ever increasing population, and the demand for crude oil we must develop alternatives to using crude oil. At our current rate of consumption, we could possibly deplete our current supply, then man us beneficiaries, would suffer. Think of all the things you could not do without crude oil? For instance, what if your home or business heating system was built using gas? How would your children get to school or you get to work
... light oil. During this process light oil is a by-product in the coking of coal. To make coke, coal is pyrolyzed at 1,000°C. About seventy percent of the product is solid coke. The remainder of the product is then volatilized, and leaves through the top of the coke ovens. The gaseous stream is then fractionated. Finally the cuts are completed and used in various ways (Nexant Inc., 2009). The production of Benzene is very time consuming though the demand for Benzene continues to rise.
Production is the process of extracting the hydrocarbons and separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable, and selling the liquid hydrocarbons and gas. Production sites often handle crude oil from more than one well. Oil is nearly always processed at a refinery; natural gas may be processed to remove impurities either in the field or at a natural gas processing plant.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.