Gasoline Gasoline as we know it today comes from crude oil. Crude oil, which is a fossil fuel, is a nonrenewable (once its gone, its gone for good) fuel source. Fossil fuel is comprised of naturally decaying plants and animals which once lived in oceans and seas millions of years ago. Where we find crude oil deposits we also find ancient oceans and seabeds. When extracted from the earth, crude oil may have colors ranging from clear to jet black and resistance to flow or viscosity from water to a molasses type substance. Crude oil that is low in metals and sulfur content, light in color and flow easy are said to be "light" and cost more where those which are high in metal and sulfur content dark in color and must be heated to be fluid are called "heavy" and are less expensive. Light crude is less expensive to refine and heavy crude is more expensive to refine. The term "sweet" is used to define crude oil that is low in sulfurous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, which is an organic compound, produced by decaying animals and plant matter and has bonded to a carbon atom. "Sour" crude oil is high in sulfurous compounds. Once extracted from the earth, crude oil must be refined to become useful. Crude oil contains over 500 hundred hydrocarbons plus many other elements and additives that are all combined into one product. The refining process separates and groups these hydrocarbons together to make things that are of value to us such as gasoline and diesel fuel, waxes, asphalts, household fuel oil, industrial lubricating oils, greases and other petrochemicals. Upon extraction, the crude oil is transferred to a refinery. This is normally done either by pipeline or supertanker ships that are up 1500 feet in ... ... middle of paper ... ...s per gallon. Carpooling also saves fuel not to mention your wallet. If you have empty seats in your vehicle, carpool with co-workers and alternate who drives and who pays for gas. Websites used U.S. Department of Energy: http://www.doe.gov/ American Association of Petroleum Geologists: http://www.aapg.org/ Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists: http://www.cspg.org/ Society of Petroleum Engineers: http://www.spe.org/ http://www.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining.htm http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/motorgas/downloads/Motor_Fuels_Tch_Rvw_chp3.pdf http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5367096&ft=1&f=2 http://proquest.umi.com.exproxy.saintleo/pqdweb?did=1065258531&sid=2&Fmt=4&clie8088&RTQ=309&Vname=PQD http://proquest.umi.com.exproxy.saintleo/pqdweb?did=160670601&sid=3&Fmt=4&clientld=18088&RQT=309&Vname=PQD
I am a husband and a father of four lovely children. We need a large vehicle to haul all of us around town. And of course I would do anything to keep them safe and I always want to provide them with the best. Therefore, after the birth of our fourth child two and a half years ago, my wife and I decided to upgrade our Ford Explorer to a Ford Expedition. We got everything from the side-curtain airbags to the TV and DVD player. What we did not know was we also purchased a rather large unleaded gas bill. The first time we filled the tank it cost us roughly $35; today it costs us right around $75 to fill the tank. Obviously the price of gas has increased significantly in the last two years. The price increase is due to a fluctuation in the supply and demand of not only gasoline but also crude oil, which is needed to manufacture gasoline. In addition, several other factors are influencing a change in the price of gasoline.
In today’s world humans are consuming massive amounts of fossil fuels. The top five oil consuming countries in the world are the usual suspects. These include the United States, China, Japan, India and Russia. Canada comes in at number 10 with a daily consumption of 2,287 thousand barrels per day. There are three major types of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. These resources were formed during the Carboniferous Period 360-286 million years ago. During this time earth was covered in swamps with large amounts of plants and waters filled with algae. When these plants and trees began to die they would form layers of peat. Hundreds and thousands of years would pass adding sand and other materials on top of the peat. This formed the sedimentary rocks we know today. As the thousands of years turned into millions of years the water of the peat layer was pushed out of the peat until the layer of diatoms turned into coal, oil or natural gas (CEC, 2013). Canada has oil industry throughout the country and currently 12 out of 13 provinces are active in the oil industry. Natural gas production is occurring in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Natural gas could also become large industry in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland & Labrador, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Oil production is currently taking place in the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland & Labrador (CAPP, 2013).
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
First of all there is one well known way of making a man made oil which eventually becomes gasoline or diesel fuel, that has been around for a long time, it is called bio fuel. Bio fuel is a fuel that is made from plants or other growin...
Gasoline is thought to be a helpful substance to all countries worldwide. However, the negative effects are far greater than the positive. A diversity of clean fuels is vital for the political, environmental, and economic health of America. Although gasoline is a product depended on by the United States of America and many other countries, the negative effects are unbearable, dangerous, and unnecessary due to the opportunity to use alternative fuels.
Concisely, to mine the oil sands, all the wetlands have to be drained and the rivers diverted. Then all trees and any form of vegetation and soil are required to be scraped away to expose the oil sands. Then steam shovels into dump trucks that haul the sand to an extraction plant scoop the sand. This sand is then processed at high temperatures using large amounts of water and chemicals, to extract the extremely viscous tar (Smith, 2009). In general, the processes relating to refining, extracting, and processing oil sands have social, economic, and environmental effects that are undesirable as discussed here.
In northern Alberta, Canada there lies the Athabasca oil sands this the worlds second largest reserve of oil. The oil oil sands are a mixture of sand clay water and sandstone that are loosely packed together with an an extremely dense form of petroleum called “bitumen” which is an extra heavy oil with very low viscosity. To gain access to this oil, steam or hot water is used to heat it up then it is trucked to an upgrader with separates the oil from the other components after it is separated it goes to a refinery which separates out waist from the synthetic light crude oil then this oil is piped to refineries in the united states where it is refined into our fuels. There are three main oil sand sight in Albert including, Athabasca, peace river and coldlake oil sands with the Athabasca oil sands being the bigest deposit
Gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons that vary widely in chemical & physical properties and are derived from fractional distillation of crude petroleum with a further treatment mainly in terms of improvement of its octane rating. The hundreds of individual hydrocarbons in gasoline range from c4 to c11
... light oil. During this process light oil is a by-product in the coking of coal. To make coke, coal is pyrolyzed at 1,000°C. About seventy percent of the product is solid coke. The remainder of the product is then volatilized, and leaves through the top of the coke ovens. The gaseous stream is then fractionated. Finally the cuts are completed and used in various ways (Nexant Inc., 2009). The production of Benzene is very time consuming though the demand for Benzene continues to rise.
One of the most traded commodities in the world today is petroleum. What happens in
Crude oil is one of the most important natural resource of the industrialized countries as well as one of the most versatile natural resources too. Crude oil can take thousands of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Because of this many scientist argue that because the time and process of producing crude oil it should be considered rather a non-renewable resource. Crude oil can be found in many of our everyday products such as plastics, detergents, paints, and even medicines in addition to fueling our multifaceted transportation system including airplanes, trains, vehicles, and big rig trucks. With the amount of industries that depend on crude oil, Earths ever increasing population, and the demand for crude oil we must develop alternatives to using crude oil. At our current rate of consumption, we could possibly deplete our current supply, then man us beneficiaries, would suffer. Think of all the things you could not do without crude oil? For instance, what if your home or business heating system was built using gas? How would your children get to school or you get to work
» Downstream: significant refineries incorporate unrefined petroleum preparing and transport of items to retail outlets.
Transportation is another benefit of oil. Of course we all know that we use oil to run our vehicles, but that is not the only benefit. Oil is also used in combustion engines.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.
Production is the process of extracting the hydrocarbons and separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable, and selling the liquid hydrocarbons and gas. Production sites often handle crude oil from more than one well. Oil is nearly always processed at a refinery; natural gas may be processed to remove impurities either in the field or at a natural gas processing plant.