Benzene is a chemical compound used in our everyday lives. Benzene is used to make chemicals and other household products. The chemical formula of Benzene is C6H6. Benzene’s atomic structure is a hexagon with a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to each shown in (Figure 1). When Benzene was first discovered it was called hydrocarbon. The chemical that we now call Benzene was discovered in 1825 by Michael Faraday. Michael Faraday discovered Benzene from an oily film that deposited from the gas used for lighting. Benzene has a great effect on the environment and health though exposure and effects may vary depending on the life style of a person. The physical properties and chemical properties are essential to a chemical compound, these …show more content…
Studies have also shown that Benzene causes toxicity to the hematopoietic system and may cause leukemia. Benzene can decrease colony formation in levels of WBCs and granulocytes. This suggests that progenitor cells may be more sensitive to the Hematotoxicity effects of Benzene than mature cells are. After identifying group of workers who were exposed to <1ppm of benzene, the group discovered throughout many different blood counts evidence of Hematotoxicity through workers exposed to levels of benzene below 1ppm was present(Qing, L. et al., 2004 December). In conclusion studies have shown level decreases in WBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes, B cells, and platelets with increasing exposure to benzene. Benzene is used as a solvent, as an intermediate, and as a fuel. Benzene is converted to ethyl benzene, then to styrene, and to polystyrene shown in (Figure 3). Another use of Benzene is in the preparation of phenol, aniline for dyes, and dodecyl benzene for detergents. One of the most common uses of benzene as an intermediate is in the production of other chemical compounds. These chemical compounds include drugs and lubricants, cumene (resins), and cyclohexane (nylon and synthetic fibers). Therefore Benzene exists in all the plastic items we use on a daily basis. Benzene is used as a solvent in resins, oils, plastics, fats and rubber. During tire and rubber production
hydrocarbons that forms during the extraction of natural gas and is used as a thinning
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound. A condenser and heat reflux was used to prevent reagents from escaping. Then the solid product was vacuum filtered.
Driving emits particle pollution, which increases the risk of heart disease, lung cancer and asthma. Particle pollution is processed in two ways, either mechanical or chemical.
Hydrogen sulphide has a boiling point of -82 degrees Celsius and a melting point of -60 degrees Celsius. There are 2 hydrogen and 1 sulphide molecule. Simple molecule’s which are covalent have lower melting and boiling points as they do not need too much energy to separate the bonds because they are as polarised as water. In hydrogen sulphide the intermolecular forces are known as Dipole-Dipole forces which are less powerful than hydrogen bonding which is in water therefore water has the strongest bond compared to hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide. Water is more electronegative than hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide because there are more molecules in water which are drawn together however in hydrogen sulphide there are less molecules
Residents living closest to manufacturing plants and factories reap the most adverse health affect, however, hazardous air pollutants effect the ozone layer which effects everyone.
The noble gases are group 18 of the periodic table and are chemical elements with similar properties. All of the noble gases have a full outer shell. None of them have color, odor, and all have very low chemical reactivity. There are six of them and they are Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
Ensure gloves are worn at all times when handling strong acids and bases within the experiment of the preparation of benzocaine. 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g, 0.022 moles) was suspended into a dry round-bottomed flask (100cm3) followed by methylated sprits (20 cm3). Taking extra care the concentrated sulphuric acid of (3.0 cm3, 0.031 moles) was added. Immediately after the condenser was fitted on, and the components in the flask were swirled gently to mix components. It should be ensured that the reactants of the concentrated sulphuric acid and the 4-aminobenzoic acid were not clustered in the ground glass joint between the condenser itself and the flask. In order to heat the mixture to a boiling point, a heating mantle was used and then further left for gently refluxing for a constituent time of forty minutes. After the duration of the consistent forty minutes the rou...
The affects teratogens can have on the developing fetus can vary greatly. Research provided from the University of Iowa’s on teratogens explains some of the possible outcome to exposure to certain teratogens. Listed birth defects resulting from exposure to teratogens, range from prenatal death, to physical and mental abnormalities.
The Olefins II Unit makes hydrocarbons from naphtha or natural gas using furnaces. After distillation, the p...
The process need toluene and hydrogen as a main reactor. Then, toluene and hydrogen are converted in a reactor packed with catalyst to produce benzene and methane. This reaction is exothermic and the operating conditions are 500 0C to 660 0C, and 20 to 60 bar of pressure. This process begins with mixing fresh toluene with a stream of recycle unreacted toluene, and the mixing is achieved in a storage tank. Then, the toluene is pumped to combine it with a stream of mixed hydrogen and fresh hydrogen gas. The mixture of toluene and hydrogen is preheated before it is introduce to the heater or furnace. In the furnace, the stream is heated to 600 0C, then introduced into the reactor. Basically, the main reactions occurs in the reactor.
Many chemicals are used in packaging, storage, and processing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might have a long term effects on the human body. Most of these chemicals are inert and would lead to long term effects.
Octane with chemical formula C8H18/CH3(CH2)6CH3, molecular mass: 114.22, boiling point :126, melting point : -56.8, Subject no.1262 has many dangers and side effects on workers and firefighters. Therefore, we'll be discussing methods and ways to prevent the hazards that can be caused by the substance.
These fuels include coal, oil products such as gasoline, and natural gas. Use of these fuels has a number of harmful health and environmental effects. According to the World Health Organization, outdoor air pollution, most of it from burning fossil fuels, especially coal kills at least 800,000 people each year and causes health problems for tens of millions of others. Technology is available to reduce such air pollution, but using it is costly and results in higher fuel
they create many breathing and heart conditions like cancer and other threats in the body, that is why children who are exposed through air pollutants are most likely to have pneumonia and asthma.